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INTRODUCTION * 

^))**J/V{ to X 

LATIN SYNTAX, 

OR 

AN EXEMPLIFICATION OF THE RULES OF CONSTRL 
TION, AS DELIVERED IN MR. RUDDIMAN's 
RUDIMENTS, WITHOUT ANTICIPATING 
POSTERIORI RULES : 
^ V \ CONTAINING, 



<* » ^ * Ait /fc 

I. The Rules of Syntax, with 

a brief illustration. 

II. Explanatory Notes. 



III. Examples, taken for the most 
part from the Classic Authors, 

IV. English Exercises. 



TO WHICH IS SUBJOINED, 

AN EPITOME OF ANCIENT HISTORY, 

FROM THE CREATION TO THE BIRTH OF CHRIST. 

Intended as a proper mean to initiate Boys in the useful study of 
History, while at the same time it serves to improve them 
in the knowledge of the Latin Tongue, 

TO WHICH IS ADDED, 

A PROPER COLLECTION OF HISTORICAL AZB CHRONOLOGICAL QUES- 
TIONS, WITH A COPIOUS IN*)EX. 



BY JOHN MAIR, A. M. 



A NEW EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED, 
BY T. S. JOY. TEACHER OF LANGUAGES. 

NEW-g&RK: 

•PUBLISHED BY EVERT DUYCKINCK* 

NO.* 68 WATER-STREET, 

U. k J. Harper, Printers. 



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PREFACE 



A HE general approbation the following Essay 
met with on its first publication, having encour- 
aged the author to turn his thoughtefren that 
subject a second time : the whole has been revis- 
ed with great care, several alterations made, 
considerable additions interspersed, and no pains 
spared to rectify every mistake, supply every 
defect, and retrench every superfluity, in order 
to render the performance still more useful, by- 
its being mafle, in all respects, as complete as 
possible. VVhat seems further necessary, by 
way of preface, is to give the reader, in a few 
words, a more particular account of this intro- 
duction as it now stands; which is as follows ; 

4 2 



6 PREFACE. 

The rules of syntax here exemplified are ta- 
ken from the rudiments composed and published 
by Mr. Thomas Ruddiman, being generally al- 
lowed to be the most accurate and best system 
of that kind, and used not only in most of the 
schools in this kingdom, but translated into a 
foreign language, and taught in several places 
abroad. And as the rules are of two kinds, viz. 
primary or fundamental, to which all the rest 
are reducible ; and secondary or elliptical, 
which are by far the most numerous; these 
latter rules are distinguished from the former 
by an asterisk on the margin. 

To make the young scholar comprehend the 
meaning and extent of the rules with greater 
ease, each of them is illustrated with one or 
more examples of constructed Latin : and, where 
it is necessary, grammatical terms are explained, 
and lists or catalogues of the words belonging 
to the rules, given. To which is subjoined, a 

Eretty large collection of explanatory notes, ex- 
ibiting the exceptions^ the varieties, the elegant 
phrases and modes of expression that occur in 
authors, and pointing out the method of supply- 
ing the elliptical constructions, and reducing 
them to the primary or fundamental rules. — 
Some few of the notes are exemplified ; the 
proper time of teaching the rest is left to the 
discretion of the master. 






PREFACE. 7 

After the notes, follow the examples ; which 
are of two sorts. The first go only the length 
of this mark H ; and are generally short, be- 
ing intended purely for the exemplification of 
the rule to which they are subjoined. The 
second sort, which begin at the aforesaid mark, 
are longer ; wherein not only the rule to which 
they are annexed is exemplified, but the prece- 
ding rules are again brought upon the field, in 
order to render them more familiar to the mind, 
and fix them more effectually in the memory. 

Most of the examples, whether of the first 
or second sort, are excerpted from the Latin au- 
thors ; being such sentences as would admit of 
a literal translation, and are adapted to our pur- 
pose with little or no variation. Some of them 
indeed, for the sake of enriching the exemplifi- 
cation, are patched or made up of sentences cou- 
pled together; but the expressions, separately 
taken, are generally classical ; and, it is hoped, 
no great impropriety will be found in the manneir 
of their junction. 

To the examples are subjoined on each rule a 
few English exercises, intended as another piece 
of recreation to the young student, as well as a 
further trial of his skill. In the examples, the 
Latin words being laid to his hand, he needs 
only, in order to make good Latin ; attend to the 



■' i^ 



u 




* PREFACE, 

declensions, conjugations, and rules of syntax ; 
whereas, by these exercises, he will be obliged 
to go in search of vocables, and so by degrees 
learn to distinguish the words that are proper 
for his purpose, from such as are not so. And 
here I may add, that could boys be persuaded, 
by a careful use of their dictionary, to acquaint 
themselves thoroughly with the signification, 
derivation, composition, and proper use of the 
Latin words that occur in the several parts of 
their studies, they would soon find the benefit 
of it : their proficiency would, in this case, do 
more than reward their pains. To a neglect on 
this head, is frequently owing the small progress 
boys make, and the difficulty they find in speak- 
ing and writing Latin ; being equally puzzled for 
want of words, and at a ioss how to apply them f 

The rules in the Rudiments being ranged ac- 
cording to the order of the parts of speech, it was 
impossible to exemplify them in that order, with- 
out a medley of antecedent and subsequent rules 
which, by all means was to be avoided. The 
reader therefore is desired to begin with No. 2; 
then proceed to No. 28 ; from that to No. 45. 
He next turns over to No. 68, 69, 70, 71, 72 ; 
then to No. 75, 76 ; and on each of these rules 
he is to read till he comes to this markU, except 
No. 28 ; in which he is to read only the first four 
■paragraphs. After this, he is to return to the 



PREFACE. & 

beginning of the book and go straight on to the 
end, omitting only what was read on the above 
mentioned rules; and, by proceeding in this 
manner, he will find no posterior rule anticipa- 
ted. The English exercises, too, are so cho- 
sen, that they may be turned into good Latin, 
without recourse to any subsequent rule. 

As the governed words in the exemplifica- 
tion of several rules, viz. No. 1 2, 21 , 29, 62, 64, 
and 73, may be put in different cases, and 
though, generally speaking, the Latin will be 
grammatical and good in either of them; yet, 
to prevent any doubt that may arise in the 
learner's mind on this head, and to enable him 
to use with certainty the case used by the au- 
thor the example is brought from, I have given 
the following mark of distinction, viz. in No. 12, 
21, 62, and 64, when the governed word is put 
in the ablative, it has the figure 6 before it; 
and in No. 29, when the governed word is to 
be put in the accusative, it has the figure 4 
before it. In like manner in No. 73, the gov- 
erned word has the figure L or 4 before it, 
according as it is to be put in the nominative 
of accusative. But in the exemplification of 
each of these six rules, when the governed 
word has no figure prefixed, it is then to be 
put in the other case mentioned in the rule. 
Nor are these distinctive figures applied thus 
| in the exemplification of the above rules only, 
but also, in all the subsequent places, where 
these ambiguous constructions recur. 



10 PREFACE. 

The examples and English exercises con- 
tained in this Introduction ; being of a select 
kind, consisting generally of moral, historical, 
or mythological sentences, the perusal of them 
will accordingly be attended with peculiar ad- 
vantages. The first sort, have a natural ten- 
dency to form and dispose the mind to virtue, 
and to produce such impressions as will influ- 
ence the temper and behaviour of youth, not 
while at school only, but through the whole 
course of their life. By the use of the second 
and third sort, boys will acquire a stock of 
ancient history and mythology, and so get ac- 
quainted in some measure with the Roman 
writers before they begin to read them. 

Tothe Introduction is subjoined an Epitome 
of Ancient History, containing a succinct 
account of the most memorable transactions 
and events that occur from the creation to the 
birth of Christ. And whereas several things 
suspected of fiction or romance, especially with 
respect to the Assyrian and Babylonian mon- 
archies, were in compliance with the com- 
monly-received opinion, admitted into the first 
edition; these are now either thrown out, or 
taken notice of as fabulous, and the accounts 
that, by the best judges, are esteemed genuine, 
introduced. These alterations, it is hoped, 
will render this epitome more perfect, and 
consequently a fitter system for initiating youth 
in the youthful study of history; and to make 
it answer this purpose in the easiest manner^ 



PREFACE 11 

a proper collection of Questions, adapted to 
the several parts of Ancient History, is annex- 
ed; as also an Index, more full and better di- 
gested than in the first edition. And as the 
Latin of this epitome is, for the most part tak- 
en from an historian much admired for concise- 
ness, delicacy, and purity of language ; it will 
serve to exercise and improve the learner, not 
barely in the knowledge of grammar, but even 
in the elegance and beauties of the Latin 
tongue. The chronology here used is the 
same with that adopted by the writers of the 
Universal History. Several chronological 
mistakes, which had escaped observation in 
the first edition, are here rectified. 

I shall conclude w r ith the following certifi- 
cation to interlopers. That though soon after 
this Introduction was first published, a spuri- 
ous edition came abroad, which neither the 
author, nor the gentlemen concerned in the 
first impression, have hitherto taken much 
notice of; yet they are resolved to be on their 
guard for the future, against all such piratical 
practices, and will not fail to prosecute offen- 
ders of that kind. It is therefore hoped that 
ro person in time coming will be so wicked 
as to attempt, by any fradulent method, to rob 
the author or editors of their just property, 
nor so foolish as to incur the penalties pre- 
scribed by law, J. M. 



AN 



INTRODUCTION 



TO 



LATIN SYNTAX. 



s 



YNTAX is the right order- 
ing of words in speech. 



Its parts are two, concord and 
government. 

Concord is when one word 
agrees with another in some 
accidents. 

Government is when a word 
governs a certain case. 



SYNTJXIS est recta 
vocum in oratione 
compositio. 

Ejus partes sunt duce, 
concordantia et regimen. 
Concordantia est quan- 
do una dictio concordat 
cum altera in quibusdam 
accideutibus. 

Regimen est quando 
dictio regit cerium casum. 



I. OF CONCORD. I. DE CONCORDAN- 
TIA 

CONCORD is fourfold. fi ONCORDANTIA 
\y est quadruplex. 

1. Of an adjective with a 1. Adjectivi cum sub* 

Substantive. stantivo. 

2 . Of a verb with a nom- 2.Verbicumnominati- 

inative. vo. 

3. Of a relative with an ante- 3. Relativi cum antece- 
<:edent. dente. 

4. Of a substantive with a 4. SiibstantivicvviSTJib- 
sub st anti ve . start tivo . 

B 



14 



AN INTRODUCTION 



RULE I. 



RF.GULA I. 



AN ADJECTIVE 
agrees with a sub- 
stantive, in gender, num- 
ber and case. 



ADJECTIVUM 
concordat cum 
substantivo, in genere, 
numero et casu. 



Fleeting years slide away. 
Sluggish old age approaches. 
Time past never returns. 

We all hasten to one end. 



Fugaccs anni labvntur. 
Tarda senccta subit. 
Tempus prattentum nun- 

quam revert itur. 
Nos omnes mciam prope- 
ramus ad unam. 



Note 1. The substantive is sometimes understood ; and in this case 
fhe adjective takes the gender of the suppressed substantive, as per 
■immortales; sc. Decs. Laborare tertiana ; sup. febri. Faucis te volo ; 
nempe verbis. Triste lupus stabulis : sup. negotium. Omnia sencs- 
cunt ; sup. negotia. This last substantive is seldom expressed ; and 
its usual sign in English, is the word thing or things. 

Note 2. Adjectives are often put substantively, or used in a sub- 
stantive sense; and may then have other adjectives agreeing with 
them ; as, Virg. Fortunate senex. Cic. Amicus certus. And some- 
times substantives seem to be used in an adjective sense ; as Virg. 
Populuni late regem for regnantem. Cic. Victor exarcitus. Ovid. 
Dardanidts maires. 

Note 3. An Adjective joined with two substantives of different 
genders, generally agrees with that chiefly or principally spoke of ; 
as Plin. Oppidum Pcestum, Gratis Possido7iia appellalutu. The ad- 
jective, however, sometimes, neglecting the principal substantive, 
"agrees with the nearest; as, Cic. Nan omnis error stultitia est di- 
cenda. But if the principal substantive be the proper name of a 
man or woman, the adjective always agrees with it ; as Vopisc, 
Vinosus Imperator amphora dictvs est; not dickt. Just Semira- 
mis puer esse credita est ; not crediius. 



The good boy learns, (he 
naughty boys play : the swift 
horse conquers, the slow hors- 
es are overcome. 

Proud men do fall, but hum- 
ble men shall de exalted ; high 
towers fall, whilst low cotages 
stand. 



Bonus puer disco, ma- 
ins puer ludo ; celer e- 
quus vinco, tardus equus 
vinco. 

Superbus homo cado, 
sed modesius homo pro- 
veho : alius funis cado t 
dum humiU.s r osa eto. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



lii 



Our master comes, let us 
read, the idle boys shall be bea- 
ten, my books were torn, thy 
brothers were commended. 

Note 1. We always rush up- 
on a thing forbidden, and we 
covet things denied. Let us des- 
pise earthly things, when we 
contemplate heavenly things. 

IT A small spark neglected ; 
often raises a great conflagra- 
tion ; so after Sylla had settled 
the commonwealth, new wars 
broke out. 

The general triumphed most 
splendidly in a golden chariot 
with his sons, two princes were 
led before his chariot; many 
kings came to this sight. 

Ccesar returning from Gaul, 
began to demand another con- 
sulship, but he was ordered to 
disband his army and return to 
town ; for which injury he came 
from Ariminum, where he had 
his soldiers drawn together, 
against his country, with an ar- 
my. Caesar prevailed ; he was 
afterwards murdered. Death 
devours all things. 



Noster pmceptor ve- 
nio, lego ego, ignavus 
puer coedo, meus liber 
lacero, tuus f rater laudo. 
Nitor in vetitus sem- 
per, cupioque negatus. 
Contemno humanus, cum 
specto ccelestis. 

Parvus scintilla con- 
tcmptus, soepe excito 
ma gnus iacendium ; sic 
cum Sylla compono res- 
publica, novus helium ex- 
ardeo. 

Imperator triumpho 
magnificenter in aureus, 
currus cumjilius suus,duo 
princeps duco ante cur- 
rus ; multus rex venio 
ad hie spectaculum. 

Caesar rediens e Gal- 
lia ccepi deposco alter 
consulatus, sedjubeo de- 
mitto exercitus et redeo 
ad urbs ; propter qui 
injuria venio ab Arimi- 
num, ubi habeo miles 
congregatus, adversus 
patria cum exercitus. 
Ccesar vinco ; postea in- 
ter jicio Mors devoro 
omnis. 



Diligence overcomes all difficulties. Delay* often ruin the best 
designs. Shame attends unlawful pleasures. One bad sheep in- 
fects a whole flock. 

Industry keeps the mind clear and the body healthful. Prospe- 
rity gains friends, and adversity tries them. Where no law is, there 
is no transgression. Vanity makes beauty contemptible. God sees 
all things. 

When men neglect God, they neglect their own safety ; they pro- 
cure their own ruin ; they fly from their own happiness ; they pursue 
their own misery, and make haste to be undone-, 



$& -AN INTRODUCTION 

RULE II. REG. II. 

A VERB agrees with ^XTERBUM con- 

the nominative be- \ cordat cum no- 

fore it in number and per- minativo ante se in 

.son. numero et persona* 

I read. Ego Lego. 

Thou writes*. Tuscribis. 

He studies. I He studet. 

/The girl sings. Fudla canit. 

We teach. Nos docemus. 

Ye hear. Vosauditis. 

They learn. Illi discunt. 

The boys are praised. Pueri laudaniur, 

Note 1. Ego and Nos are the first person, Tu and Vos the second^ 
and all other nouns are the third person. Here observe, that a no* 
Bainative of the first and second person is seldom expressed, being 
always known by the verb. 

Note 2. This rule respects only the indicative, subjunctive, and 
imperative. The infinitive has indeed sometimes a nominative be- 
fore it ; but then capit or caperunt is understood ; as, Virg. JEneas 
humeris abscindere vtstem ; sc. capit. Ter. Omnts invidere mihi sc. 
, arpreunt. Or we may suppose, as is usually done in this case, that 
the infinitive is put for the imperfect of the indicative, viz. abscinderQ 
Ipr abscindtbat, and invidere for invidebant. 

I call, thou dost answer, he Egovoco, turespondeo 

taught, we did study, ye have ille doceo, ego studeo, tu 

given, they have received. do, ille accipio. 

I had gone, thou hadst come, Ego eo, tu venio, ille 

he had sent, we will touch, ye mitto, ego tango ,tu gus- 

shall taste, they shall drink. to, ille bibo. 

Do thou go on, let him make Per go tu, festino ille, 

haste, let us prepare, proceed paro ego, progredior tu, 

e, let them return. redeoille. 

I am accused, thou art blam- Ego accuso, in culpo, 

ed, he was praised, we were ille laudo, ego condemno*. 

condemned, ye will be dismjs- tu dimitto, ille pimio. 
sed, they shall be punished. 

Be thou joined, let him be Jungo tu, separo ille, 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



17 



separated, let us be instructed, 
be ye exalted, let them be dis- 
graced. 

The cock crows, the goose 
did cackle, the parrot spoke, 
the magpies had chattered, ra- 
vens will croak, let hens cluck. 

The dog barks, the sheep 
did bleat, the hog has grunted, 
the horses had neighed, asses 
will bray, let lions roar, oxen 
will bellow, wolves will howl. 

Virtue is praised, vice was 
shunned, honour was sought, 
riches were acquired, the boys 
will learn, let books be bought, 
Peter affirms, who will deny ? 

The man did shout, the bat- 
tle was joined, the arrows fly, 
the swords are drawn, the sol- 
diers have fought, the horses 
are taken, the enemy will be 
routed, let victory come, peace 
will be sought. 

ff In the mean time all Greece 
being divided into two parties, 
turned their arms from foreign 
wars, as it were upon their own 
bowels: wherefore two bodies 
are made out of one people, and 
the soldiers are divided into two 
hostile armies. 

After the battle no woman 'la- 
mented!, her lost husband ; all la- 
mented their own hap, because 
they had not fallen for their 
country, all received the wound- 
ed, dressed their wounds, re- 
freshed the fatigued, and they 
all more lamented the public 
ihan their private fortune. For 
these things they deserve praise. 

B 9 



erudio ego, exalto tu, vi- 
tupero ille* 

Galhts canto, anser glo- 
citOypsittachus loquor, pi- 
ca garrio 9 corvus crocitOy 
gallina pipio. 

Canis latro.ovis baloy 
sas grunniOy equus hin- 
niOyOsimis rudoyleo rugio 9 
bos mngiOy lupus ululo* 

-Virtus laudoy vitium vi- 
tOy honos queer Oy divitm 
parOy puer discoy emo lir 
bery Petrus affirmo, quis 
nego ? 

Homo clamOyprcElium 
committOy sagitta volo, 
gladius distringOy miles 
pugnOy equus capiOy hos- 
tis fugOy venio victoria 9 
pax peto. 

Interea omnis Groecia y 
divisus in duo pars 9 con- 
verto armay ah extemus 
helium 9 velut in viscus su 
us ; igitur duo corpus 
jio de units populusy ei 
miles divido in duo kosti- 
lis exercitus. 

Post prodium nullus 
mulier fieo omissus con* 
jux ; omnis doleo suns vi- 
cisy quod ipse non cado 
pro patria ; omnis exci- 
pio sauciusy euro vulnus, 
reficio lassusy omnis que 
magis lugeo publicus 
quam privatus fortune 
Ob hie mereor laus. 



18 AN INTRODUCTION 

God made the world, and all the things in it; he created the light, 
and formed darkness; in him we live and move: if he look on the 
earth it trembles ; if he touch the hills they smoke ; I will bless my 

Lord ' al0nG d ° th wondrous works > P raise y e the 

ANNOTATIONS. 

3. Substantive verbs, 1. Verba substantia 
verbs of naming and ges- va, vocandi et ges- 
ture, have a nominative tus, habent ntrinquo 
both before and after nominativum ad ean- 
them, belonging to the dern rem pertinen- 
same thing. tern. 

I am a scholar. Ego sum decipulus. 

Thou wilt become a poet. Tufies poeta. 

Diogenes was called a philoso- Diogenes appellabaiur 

^pher. philosophies. 

We are esteemed wise men. Nos existimamur sapien- 

tes. 

She walks as a queen. Ilia incedit regina. 

The soldiers sleep secure. Milites dormiunt securi. 

i. Substantive verbs are, sum, Jio y fore m, and existo. 

2. Verbs of naming are these passives, appellor, iicor 
vocor, nominor, nuncupor; to which add videjor, existi- 
7nor, censeor, habeor, creor, constituor, salutor, designor, 
eognoscor, agnoscor, invenior, reperior, fyc. 

3. Verbs of gesture are, eo, incedo, venio, cubo, sto y ja- 
ceo, sedeo, evado,fugio, dormio, somnio maneo, 4"C. 

Note 1. The nominative after these verbs is frequently an adjec- 
tive, which agrees with the nominative before them, as its substan- 
tive, in gender, number, and case or some other substantive is under- 
stood. 

Note 2. Any verb may he e a nominative after it, when it belongs 
to the same thing with the nominative before it : as, Cic. Audivi 
hocpuer. Id. Sapiens nihil facit invitus. 

Note 3. When a verb comes betwixt two nominatives of differ- 
ent numbers, it usually takes the number of the first ; as, Ter. 
Dos est decern talenta. Ovid. Ossa lapis fiuni. But sometimes it 
takes the number of the last ; as, Ter. Amantixmi irm amoris mtegra- 
tiotst. Luc. Sanguis erant latrymx . 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



10 



1. The lion is king among 
the wild beasts, the ash is the 
fairest tree in the woods, and 
the fir in the lofty mountains. 

Patience often offended, be- 
comes fury, and generals af- 
ter victory are sometimes ty- 
rants. 

2. Virtue is often called vice, 
vice too is often called virtue, 
and poverty is sometimes rec- 
koned a disgrace. 

Varro was esteemed a learn- 
ed man, Cicero was accounted 
eloquent, Aristides was called 
just, Pompey was - named 
great 

3. The boy sits porter before 
the gate, the servants walk on 
foot, the master stays alone, the 
soldiers come up in arms. 



Leo sum rex inter fe- 
ra,fraxinus sum pulcher 
arbos in ivlva. et abies in 
alius mons. 

Patientia scepe Icesus 
fio furor, et dux ex vic- 
toria inierdum existo ty- 
rannus. 

Virtus saipe voco vi- 
iium, viiium quo que saipe 
appello virtus, et pauper- 
tas nonnunquam ceYiseo 
opprobium, 

Varro existimo doctus 
vir, Cicero hftbeo diser- 
tus, Aristides dico Justus, 
Pompeius nomino mag- 
?ius. 

Puer sedeo janitor an~ 
te fores, famulus inceda 
pedes, herns maneo solus > 
•miles venio armatus 



Beauty is a fair but fading flower. Virtue is its own reward, and 
envy is its own punishment. Religion is the greatest wisdom, hones- 
ty is the best policy, and temperance is the best physic. 

Quarrelsome persons are mischievous companions. A false friend 
will be the most dangerous enemy. Fraud in childhood will become 
knavery in manhood. 

The spring is a pleasant time ; for nature then seems to be renew- 
ed, the trees begin to sprout, and the gardens bring forth herbs and 
flowers ; these are all sweet things. 



4. The infinitive mood 
has an accusative before 
it. 



2. hifinitivus mo- 
dus accusativum an- 
te se habet. 



I am glad that you are well. 
I confess that I have sinned. 



Gaudeo te valere. 
Fateor me peccasse. 



Note 1 The word that betwixt two English verbs is the usual sign of 
this construction. 



20 



AN INTRODUCTION 



Note 2. The accusative may be turned into the nominative with 
quod or ut. Thus, instead of gaudeo tt valere, we may say, gttudeo 
quod tu valeas; and instead of opus est te scire, we may say, "opus est ut 
scias. 

Note 3. The accusatives me, /e, se, ilium, as also the infinitive esse 
or fuisse, are frequently suppressed ; as, Virg. Redere posse negabat, 
sc. se posse Cic. Exercitum ccesum cognovi, sc. fuisse ccesum. 



I wonder, that your brother 
does not write to me, I cannot 
believe that he is well. 

Silius boasted, that his soldi- 
ers had persisted in obedience, 
when others had lapsed into 
sedition. 

When Caesar heard, that the 
Helvetii were in arms, that 
they designed to make their 
way through his province, he 
made haste to be gone from 
Rome, and came very speedily 
to Geneva, 

The ambassadors complained 
that they were slighted, and 
took it ill, that they were order- 
ed to depart from the city ; 
but the king declared that he 
would reckon them for enemies 
unless they went off at the day 
appointed. 

Historians tell, that Philip 
was slain by a young man, as 
be was going to the public 
games, and many believe, that 
Alexander had encouraged him 
to so great a crime. The young 
man was called Pausanias. 



Mir or tuusf rater non 
scribo ad ego, non possum 
credo is valeo. 

Silius jacto situs miles 
duro in obsequium, cum 
alius prolabor ad seditio. 

Cum Ccesar audio HeU 
velii sum in arma, et is 
statuo facio iter per pro- 
vincia suus, maturo pro* 
Jiciscor a Roma, et venio 
celeriier ad Geneva, 

Legaius queror sui ne~ 
gh'go, et tegrefero suiju- 
beo disccdo ab urbs ; at 
rex denuncio sui habeo is 
pro liostis, nisi proficis- 
cor ad dies statutus. 



Historicus narro, Phi- 
lippus obtrunco ab ado- 
lescens, cum eo ad ludus 
publicum, et multus credo 
Alexander impello is ad 
ianius f acinus. Jldoles- 
cens voco Pausanias. 



Young men hope that they shall live long ; but they ought tore- 
member that they were sent into this world as into a lodging, not 
as into a home, and that they will soon be called hence. 

While Caesar was in Hither Gaul, in winter-quarters, frequeat re 
ports were brought to him, that all the Belgse had conspired against 
the Roman people. 






TO LATIN SYNTAX. 21 

5. ESSE hath the same 3. ESSE habet e- 
case after it that it hath undent casum post se 
before it. quem ante se. 

Or more generally thus : 

The infinitive of a substantive verb, verbs of naming or gesture^ 
takes the same case after it, that it hath before it. 

Peter desires to be a learned Petras cupit esse v\y 

man. doctus. 

Thou lovest to be called father. Tu amas dici pater. 

He would have himself made Vult se creari ducem. 

general. 

We see that the old man walks Videmus senem incedere 

straight. rectum. 

Note 1. The noun after these infinitives is frequently an adjective} 
which either agrees with the substantive before them, or has some, 
other substantive understood. 

Note 2. When a verb that governs the dative, such as, licet ex- 
pedit, daiur, concede, and the like, comes before these infinitives, the 
ease after them is commonly the dative, but sometimes the accusa- 
tive : as, Non datur omnibus esse nobilibuset opulent is ; sed licet om- 
nibus esse boiiis si velint. Ter. Expedit vobis esse bonos. Cic. Liceat 
esse miseros. Which may be applied thus : Expedit vobis, ros esse 
bonos. Liceat vobis, vos esse mueros. 
^Jfote 3. When a verb, that governs the accusative, such as. aio, re~ 

,-fero, V u t°-> nescio, and the like, comes before the infinitive esse the 
case after it, in prose authors, is always the accusative ; but the po- 
ets sometimes, in imitation of the Greeks, omitting the pronoun me, 
te, or se, use the nominative ; as Ovid,. Quia retutit Ajax esse Jovis 
pronepos. Hor. Uxor invicti Jovis esse ncscis. Id. P aliens vocari 
Caisaris ulior. And Virg. Sensit medios ddapsus in fwstes ; i. e. Sen- 

* sit esse detapsus, instead of sensit se esse delapsum. 

Note 4, This rule respects only the nominative, dative, and accu- 
sative, and is not to be extended lo the genitive or ablative, for we do 
no f say, Interest Cicerouis esse eloquentis ; but, interest Ciceronis essse 
eloquentern. 

The old Persians believed, that Fetus Persa credo sol 

the sun was God. sum Dour, 

The nymph complained; that Nijmpka doloo simsbm- 



g£ 



AN INTRODUCTION 



feer arms were become long 
boughs. 

• If thou desirest to be a good 
man, practice charity and other 
virtues. 

EmpedocJes affected to be 
esteemed an immortal god. 

No mau ought to be called 
happy before death. 

Thou art become an old wife, 
yet thou affectest to be thought 
a beauty. 

Antigonus crders himself to 
be called king by the people, 
Ptolemy alio is styled king by 
the army. 

Such a stupidity seized Vi- 
tellius, that, if others had not 
remembered that he was empe- 
ror, he himself would have for- 
get. 



chiumjio longus ramiu* 

Si tu volo sum bonus- 
vir, colo charitas aliusque 
virtus. 

Empedocles cvpio habeo 
immortalis dens. 

Nemo debeo dico bcatus 
ante obitus. „ 

Tujio anus j tamen volo 
video formosus. 

Antigonus jubeo sui 
appello rex a popuhis, 
Ptoletnaus quoque cogno* 
mmo rex ab exercitus. 

Tantus torpedo invado 
ViteUius, utj si center non 
me mini is sum princeps 7 
ipse obliviscor. 



If you would be happy, fear God and live according to nature. 

A wise man may be thought to be a fool, if he talk too much : 
and a fool may be esteemed a wise man, if he holds his tongue. A 
man is known by his talk, and silence is often great prudence. 






RULE III 



6 



T 



HE 



qui 
with 



RELATIVE 

quce, guod, 



REG. III. 



ELAT1VUM 

qui,qu8e,quod 
agrees with the anteee- concordat cum ante- 
dent in gender and num- cedenle in genere et 
ber, numero. x 



The man is wise, who speaks--' Vir sapit, qui pauca lo* 



little 



quitw\ 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 

ANNOTATIONS. 



$3 



7. If no nominative 
comes between the rela- 
tive and the verb, the rela- 
tive shall be the nomina- 
tive to the verb. 



1 . Si nullus inter- 
veniat nominativus in- 
ter relativum et ver- 
bumjrclativum erit ver 
bo nominativus. 



The covetous man who always Avarus,qui semper e get, 
wants cannot be rich* non potest esse dives. 



8. But if a nominative 
comes between the rela- 
tive and the verb, the re- 
lative shall be of that 
case, which the verb or 
noun following, or the 
preposition going before, 
use to govern. 



2. Jit si interveni- 
at nominativus inter 
relativum et verbum, 
relativum erit ejus ca- 
sus quern ver bum dut 
nomen sequens* vel 
prcepositio prcecedens 
regere solent. 



God who governs the world, Deus y qui gubernat mirn- 

and by whom all things were dmn, et a quo omnia 

created, is a spirit, whom creabanfoir,estspiritiis 9 

no man hath seen, or can quern nemo vidit, aut 

&ee. videre potest. 

JS'ote 1. The antecedent is commonly some substantive noun, 
either expressed or understood, that goes before the relative, and is 
again understood to, or sometimes repeated along with the relative 
as its substantive ; as, cave volwptattm, quae, est pestis : i. e. fare vo- 
Ivptuiem qua voluptas estprestis. Cass. Eranl omnino itinera dvo, 
quibus ilineribus domo exire possent. And here observe, that the 
antecedent is sometimes omitted in its proper place, and only ex- 
pressed along with the relative ; as ? Ter. Populo ut placerent quas 
fecisset fabulas ; forfabulee quas fabulas. Ovid. Sub qua nunc recubas 
arbore, virga fuit ; for arbor, sub qua arbore. Virg. Urbem quam 
statue, vesira est ; for urbs, quam urbem, fyc. 

Note 2. An infinitive or a sentence sometimes supplies the place 
of a nominative to a verb, of a substantive to an adjective, of an 



i 



24 AN INTRODUCTION 

antecedent to a relative ; and in this case, the verb is the third per* 
son, the adjective and relative are put in the neuter gender ; as, 

To excel hi knowledge is reckoned In scientia excellere pulchrum 

a fine thing. putatur. 

Peter is a learned man which no- Petrus est vir doclus, quod nc- 

body denies. mo negat. 

JYo/c 3. The person of the relative is always the same with that 
©f its antecedent; as, Ego qui doceo ; tu qui discis ; lectio quce docetur. 
The reason is plain, namely, the antecedent ; which is supposed to 
be repeated along with the relative, is the true nominative to the 
verb ; thus, Ego qui doceo, when supplied, is, Ego qui ego doceo, fyc. 

Note 4. When the relative comes betwixt two substantives of 
different genders, it sometimes, though more rarely, agrees with 
the last ; as, Cic. Animal, quern vocamus homir.em. 

Mote 5. The antecedent is sometimes couched or included in the 
possessive pronoun ; as, Ter. Omnes laudarefortunas meas, qui ha- 
ter em gnatum tali ingenio prieditum. 

JS"ote 6. The relative sometimes, instead of taking the gender of 
the antecedent, takes the gender of some synonymous word sup- 
pressed ; as, Sail. Earwn rerum, quce prima mortales dicunt ; sc. 
■ntgotia. 

JVote 7. The interroa;atives or indefinites, qualis, quantus, quotus, 
quotuplex. fyc. sometimes observe the construction of the relative 
qui, quce, quod : as, Ovid. Fades non omnibus una, ncc diversa ta- 
mtn ; qualem decet esse sororum. 

Annihal, who had made trial Annibal , qui tento Ro- 

of the Roman courage, denied manus virtus, nego Ro- 

that the Romans could be con- manus possum opprimo 

quered but in Italy. nisi in Italia. 

C-jesar first conquered the Ccesarprimo vinco Hel- 

Helvetii, who are now called vetii, qui nunc appello Se- 

the Sequani, after that, he sub- quani, deinde, dorno om- 

dued all Gaul, that is betwixt nis Gallia, qui sum inter 

the Alps and the British ocean. Alpes et oceanus Britan- 

Many find fault with crimes nicus. 

which they will not forsake; Multus corripio crimen 

bu« let us pursue virtue, in qui nolo linquo : sect lego 

which true glory consists ; for colo virtus, in qui verus 

gold, which is so eagerly sought decus sum positus ; nam 

after by men, often hurts. aurum, qui tarn cupidepe- 

They are good boys, whom to ab homo, scape ?tocco. 

glory encourages, and commen- Illesum bonus pupr qui 

datron delights ; they, will be- gloria excito, et laus de- 

come excellent men/ lecto ; fio egregiu$ vir. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



U 



The city which Romulus 
built was called Rome, the in- 
habitants were named Romans, 
and were deservedly esteemed 
very brave men. 

Note 1. To read and not to 
understand is to neglect, to sow 
and not to reap is to lose your 
labour. 

Not to know what happened 
before you were born, is to be 
always a child. 

To see is pleasant, but to 
discover truth is more pleasant ; 
philosophy, therefore, which 
searches for truth, is a most 
noble study. 

To fly when our country is 
invaded is base ; let us there- 
fore fight valiantly ; to die for 
one's country is sweet and glo- 
rious. 

Men often pursue pleasure, 
which is a pernicious thing ; but 
do thou seek after true glory, 
which is a commendable thing. 

To know one's self is the first 
step towards wisdom ; which, 
as it is a very hard thing, so it 
is a very useful thing. 



Urbs qui Romulus con- 
do voco Roma, incola no- 
mino Romanus, et merito 
habco fortis vir. 

Lego et non intelligo 
sum negligo, sew et non 
meto sum perdo opera. 

Nescio quid accido an- 
tequam nascor semper 
sum puer. 

Video sum jucwidus y 
sed invenio Veritas sum 
jucundus ; pkilosophia, 
igitur, qui investigo Veri- 
tas, sum honestus siudium, 
Fugio cum patria noster 
oppugno sum torpis; pug- 
no igitur sirenue ; morior 
pro patria sum dulcis et 
decorus. 

Homo scepe sector vo- 
luptas, qui sum pernicio- 
sus ; sed tit quoero verns 
gloria, qui sum laudabilis. 

JSosco sui ipse sum pri- 
mus gradus ad sapientia ; 
qui, ut sum difficilis, ita 
sum utilis. 



If thy soul thirsteth for honour, if thy ear loveth praise, raise thy- 
self from the dust, of which thou art -made, and aspire after some- 
thing that is great and good. The oak which now spreadeth its 
branches towards heaven, was once but an acorn. 

To go to school and not to learn is to trifle ; and to go to church 
and not to hear is to profane that sacred place : but to make advances 
in knowledge and wisdom is an excellent thing. 

9. Twoormoresubstan- 3. Duo vel plura 
tives singular, coupled substontiva singula- 
together with a conjunc- via, conjunctions [et, 



26 AN INTRODUCTION 

tion, [et, etc, atque, &c] ac,atque,&c] copu- 
have a verb, adjective, or lata, habent vcrbum, 
relative plural. adjectivurn, vel rela- 

tivum plurale. 

Cyrus and Alexander, who sub- Cyrus et Alexander, qui 
dued Asia, are renowned domveruntAsiam,sunl 
among all nations. inclyti apud omnes 

gentes. 

Note 1. If the singular substantives be nominatives, and of dif- 
ferent persons, the plural verb will agree with the more worthy per- 
son ; that is, with the first person rather than the second, and with 
the second rather than the third ; as, 

If you and Tullia are well, I and Si tu et Tullia valelis, ego et 
Cicero are well. Cicero valemus, 

Note 2. If the singular substantives are of different genders, and 
signify persons, the adjective or relative plural will take the more 
worthy Gender ; that is, the masculine rather ihan the feminine or 
neuter. But if all, or any of the singular substances, signify things 
without life, the adjective or relative plural is generally put in the 
neuter gender ; as, 

My father and Mother, who are now Pater et mater, qui nunc sun: 

dead, were very pious. morlui, erani valde pii. 

Riches, honour, and glory, are set Diviticp, decus, gloria, in ocu* 

before your eyes. lis sita sunt. 

Itisuncertain whether the feminine of persons be more worthy 
than the neuter ; for grammarians having no authority to determine 
them, are not agreed, whether we ought to say, Lucretia et ejus 
mancipium fuerunt castce or casta. 

JVote 3. A singular nominative, with an ablative governed by 
cum, sometimes takes a plural verb or adjective ; as, Virg. Quiri* 
nus cum fratre jura dabunt. Hirt. B. Afr. Juba cum Labieno cap- 
tiinpotesiatem Ccesaris venerunt. Hygin. Cadmus cum uxore in 
draconcs sunt conversi. 

Note 4. The conjunction is sometimes suppressed ; as, Ter. Durn 
cetas, metus. magisltr prohibebant. 

Note 5. The verb or adjective, neglecting this rule, often agrees 
with the nearest nominative or substantive ; as, Cic. Et ego et Cice- 
ro meusflagitabat. Plin. Mare rubrum el totus orientis oceanus re- 
fertus est sylvis. Virg. Sociis et rege recepto. Ibid. Omnia tula ri- 
des, classem sociosque receptos. 

Note 6. Collectives, which are substantives signifying many in the 
singular number, such as, multitudo, pars, familia, civitaS) gens, po+ 
pulusj ^c. take sometimes plural verbs or adjectives : and the ad- 






TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



27 



^ective frequently, instead of taking the gender of the collective. 
takes that which the sense directs to ; as, Caes. Mult Undo convene- 
rant. Sail. Magna pars vulneraii aut occisi sunt. Id. Familia quo* 
rum, he. 

Note 7. The reason of this rule is, because two or more singulars 
are equivalent to a plural : thus, Ego et tu is the same as nos, tu tl 
ille the same as vos ; Petrus et Johannes the same as Mi, <^c. 



In the first battle Brutus and 
Aruns killed one another, yet 
the Romans came off victori- 
ous. 

Cato and Cicero were wise 
and learned ; they loved their 
country, and all those that lov- 
ed and defended it. 

Hamilcar, Annibal, and As- 
drubal, who carried. on a war 
against *he Romans, were very 
skilful generals. 

Homer, Virgil, and Horace, 
whom the ancients admired, 
are justly esteemed most ex- 
cellent poets. 

Note I. I and you went into 
the garden, where you and my 
brother read Terence, whilst I 
and the servant were gathering 
flowers. 

Note 2. The man and the 
woman, whom I and you saw 
yesterday, are dead to-day, and 
will be buried to-morrow. 

Honour, praise, and glory, 
are valued and sought after by 
good men ; but laws, faith, and 
the gods and themselves, are 
trampled on by the wicked. 

After the greatest jollity and 
wantonness, which a long quiet 
had produced, all on a sudden, 
consternation and sorrow over- 
spread the city ; but the night 



In primus pugna Brit- 
tus et Aruns occido sui in- 
vicem, tamen Romanus 
recede victor. 

Cato et Cicero sum sa- 
piens et doctus ; amo pa* 
tria, et omnis is qui amo, 
et defendo is. 

Hamilcar, Annibal, ac 
Asdrubal, quigero helium 
adversus Romanus sum 
peritus dux. 

Homer us, Virgilius, 
atque, Horatius, qui veins 
admiror, merito exitsimo 
bonus poeta. 

Ego et tu eo in hortus, 
ubi tu et meus /rater le- 
go Terentius, dum ego et 
famulus carpojios. 

Vir et fcemina, qui ego 
et tu video heri, sum mor- 
tuus hodie, et sepelio eras. 

Honos, laus, et decus, 
sum cestimatus etquoesitus 
a bonus vir ; se7fy'us,jides 
et deus ipse, sum calcatus 
ab impr obits. 

Ex summits Icetistia at- 
que lascivia, qui diutur- 
nus quies pario, repentt 
metus atque moeror inva- 
do civitas ; sed nox et 



28 AN INTRODUCTION 

and the plunder retarded the prceda remoratiis sum Rjx- 
enemy. stis. 

A contented mind and a good conscience wfll make a man happy 
in all conditions ; but destruction cometh upon the wicked man as a 
whirlwind; shame and repentance descend with him to the crave. 

Augustus writing to Tiberius, hath these words ; If we shall heat 
that you are sickly, I and your mother will die. 

The man servant and maid, who do their duty carefully, are to be 
commended and rewarded. 



RULE IF. REG IV. 

10. ^ UBSTAN- ^ UBSTJWTI- 
^3 TI VES sig- £5 VAeandem rem 
nifying the same thing significantiacasu con* 
agree in case. cordant. 

Julius Caesar, the first Roman Julius Cczsar, primus Ro- 
emperor, was an excellent ora- manus imperator,fuit ex* 
tor. imius orator. 

Note 1. This concord is called apposition, and it is not necessary 
that the substantives agree in gender, number, or person. The con- 
struction, strictly speaking, is elliptical, and may be supplied by the 
obsolete particle ens, or by qui est, qui vocatur, or the like; as, Anna, 
soror, i. e. Anna ens soror, or quoz est soror. 

Note 2. When a plural appellative is put in apposition with two 
or more proper names of different genders, the appellative must be 
of the more worthy gender; as, Liv. Ad Plolemceum Cleopatram- 
que reges legati mssi, not reginas. Here reges denotes both regem 
and re gin am. 

Note 3. The latter substantive is sometimes put in the genitive ; 
as, Cic. Inoppido Antiochice, Virg. Amnis Eridani. 

Note 4. A clause or sentence sometimes supplies the place of one 
of the substantives ; as, Quinct. Cogitet oratorem institute, rem ar- 
duam. 

The sheep, innocent crea- Ovis, innoxius ani- 
t.ures, are often torn and de- mal, scepe diloxero et de- 
voured by the furious ra> enous voro a rabidus rapax 
wild beasts, the wolves f era i lupus. 

Whilst these things are doing Ditm hie gero apud 
at the Hellespont, Perdiccas is Hellespont us } Per<Mtt<is inr\ 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 29 

slain at the river Nile by Seleu- terjicio apudjlumen JVi- 

cus and Antigonus. lus a Seleucus etAntigo- 

They say that Marcus Tullius mis. 
Cicero, the orator, was a very Aio Marcus Tullius Ci- 

great Philosopher ; he sent his cero 7 orator, sum magnus 

son Marcus to the city Athens philosophus ; mitto films 

to attend Cratippus, a very fa- Marcusadurbs Athence, 

mous teacher, and be educated ut audio Cratippus , eel e- 

by him. ber doctor, et instituo ah 

In the mean time Asdrubal is. 
and his colleague, who had con- lnterea Asdrubal et 

tinued in Spain with a great collega, qui remaneo in 

army are conquered by the Hispania cum magnus 

two Scipio'e, the Roman gene- exercitus, vinco a duo 

xals. Scipio, Romanus dux. 

Our Lord Jesus Christ, the only Saviour, came into the world, 
that he might redeem sinners from sin, death, and destruction, and 
that they who should believe in his name, might not perish, but have 
eternal life. 

Demosthenes the orator, that he might rouse his fellow-citizens, 
the Athenians, to war against Alexander, brought a man into the 
assembly, who affirmed that he had been W'ounded in a battle, in 
which Philip the king was slain. 

APPENDIX. 

To these four concords some add a fifth, viz. that of the respon- 
sive with the interrogative in case ; as, Quis gubernat mundum 9 
Deus. Cujus es ? Amphitrvonis. Cui dedisti librum ? Petro. Quid 
meritus es? Crucem. Quo cares? Libro. But this, strictly speak- 
ing is no concord ; for the responsive does not depend upon the in- 
terrogative, but upon the verb, or some word joined with it, which 
is generally suppressed in the answer, and maybe supplied thus; 
Quis gubernat mundum? Deus gubernat mundum Cujus es. Sum 
servus Amphitriwnis. Cui dedisti librum 9 Dedi librum Petro y fyc, 
And if the word on which the whole answer depends, require a 
different construction, this concord does not take place : as, Quanti 
emptoz ? Ochmibus. Cujus est liber ? Meus. Cuja interest Deo pa* 
rere ? Omnium, fyc. 



II. Of GOVERNMENT. II. De REGIMINE 

EGn 

plex. 



GOVERNMENT is three- T> EGlMENe's't "tri 
fold, JtV 



C 2 



30 



AN INTRODUCTION 



1. Of nouns. 

2. Of verbs. 

3. Of words indeclinable. 


1. Nominum. 

2. Verborum. 

3- Vocum indeclinabilium 


. The Government of Nouns. 
§ 1. Of Substantives. 


I. Regimen Nominum. 
§ 1. Substantivorum. 



II. 



RULE I. REG. I. 

kNE substantive TTTJYUM substanr 

governs ano- \j tivum regit a- 

a differ- Had rem diversam 

ent thing in the geni- significans in geniti- 

live. vo. 



o 



signifyin 



'Virtue removes the fear of Virtus tollit terrorem 



death. 

Nature's laws cannot be chan- 
ged. 

The souls of men are immor- 
tal, but their bodies return 
to dust. 



mortis. 
Natures leges nonpossunt 

mutari. 
Animi hominum sunt im- 
mortelles, sed corpora 
eorum in pulverem re- 
demit. 



Note 1. The Latin nou j5ut in the genitive, is that which 

answers to the English word following the particle of, or to the word 
ending in 's. 

Note 2. The pronouns hujus, ejus, iUius, cujus, fyc. Englished his, 
her, Us, their, thereof, whereof, whose, have their substantive generally- 
suppressed ; as, Liber, ejus, [sc. hominis, fyc] his book, or her 
book; Libri, eorum, [sc hominum fyc.] their book. 

Note 3. These following adjectives, prbnus, medius. ultimus, ex~ 
-fremus, infimus, imus summits, supremus, reliquus, coztera, general- 
ly denote, pars, prima, media, ultima, .^c. of the substantive 
with which they are joined. Thus, prima fabula is the same as prima 
pars fabulce, and does not signify the first fable, but the first part of 
the fable. And summa arbor, the same as summa pars arhoris, does 
not signify the highest tree, but the top or highest part of the tree. 
In like manner are to be understood, media nox, ultima platea, imp 
vera, supremus mons } reliqw *5&r?/^us, cetera turbo, <k*- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. U 

ANNOTATIONS. 

12 # If the last substan- 1. Siposterius sub- 
live have an adjective of stantivum adjunct- 
praise or dispraise joined am habeat adjecti- 
with it, it may be put vum laudis vel vitu- 
in the genitive or abla- peril, in genitivo vel 
ti ve. ablativo poni potest. 

Thy brother is a boy of a fine Frater tuus est puer 

disposition, of the strictest probce indolis, summce 

virtue, of a graceful mien and virtutis, honesta facie- 

handsome person. etjigura venusta. 

Note 1. The first substantive is often suppressed; as, Hor. Di 
me pusilli finxerunt animi; sup. virum. Sail. Vulgus est ingenio. 
nobili ; sup. populus. 

Note 2. The latter substantive must signify some part or proper- 
ty of the first, otherwise it does not belong to this rule. Hence, 
from this rule are excluded, Virg. Pulchra prole parent em. Hor. 
Rex gelidce orce. Juv. Galiwx filius albce. Pater optimorum libe ro- 
rum. And the like, where the latter substantive signifies neither 
any part, nor any property of the first. 

NoteS. The adjective is sometimes joined with the first substan- 
tive, and then the latter substantive is put in the ablative ; as, Cic. 
Hortensius excellent ingenio, nobilitate, existimatione. lb. Vir gravi- 
tate et prudentiapraisians. Sail. Antoniuspedibuscpger. And by the 
poets sometimes in the accusative : as, Virg. Os humerosque Deo 
similis. Hor. Nee Maurus animum mitior anguibus Stat. Heron ac- 
currit vultum deject us. Hor. Miles fractus membra. Luc. In vultus 
effusa comas, Cornelia. To which we may understand the proposi- 
tion, secundum or quod ad; thus, Similis Deo secundum vel quod 
ad os humerosque. Mitior, secundum vel quod ad animum. Be- 
jectus, secundum vel quod ad vultum. Fractus, secundum vel quod 
ad membra. Effusa, secundum vel quod ad comas. 

Note 4. In like manner, neuter and passive verbs are construed 
With the ablative ; as, Hor. Et corde et genibus iremit. Liv. Lcevo 
brachio vulneratur. And by the poets with the accusative ; as, Hor. 
Tremis ossa pavore. Sil. Truncatur membra bipenni. Virg. Expleri 
mentem nequit ; i. e. tremis secundum vel quod ad ossa pavore : trun 
oalur, secundum vel quod ad membra bipenni, fyc. 

Note 5. When the latter substantive is put in the ablative, some 
preposition, such as, cum. de, ex, in, a, ab. with ens, existent, nalus, 
prceditu* : affect us, or the like, is understood: as, Homo antique* vir- 



32 AN INTRODUCTION* 

tide ; i. e. ens cum antiqua virtute. Vir clams naialibus, i. e JS'atus 
seuortus develex. Homo infirma v ale t inline ; i. e. affect us, ab, $c. 

# 13. An Adjective in 2. Adjeciivum in 

the neuter gender without neutro genere absque 

a substantive, governs the siibstantivo, regit ge- 

genitive. nitivum. 

The soldiers seem to move this Milites hue tender e vi- 

way, a great deal of silver dentur, j)lurimum ar- 

glitters on their arms, what genti fidget in armis, 

is the meaning ? what is the quid causae ? quid rei 

matter ? est ? 
■■ . "» 

Note 1. These adjectives are generally such as signify quantity ; 
as, multum, plus, plurimum, tantum; quantum, minus, minimum; 
also, id, quid, hoc, aliquid, quidquam ; to which may be added, 
summum, extremum, ultimum, dimidium, medium; as, summum 
montis, extremo anni, ultimum periculi, dimidium animoe, medium 
noctis. To these may likewise be added a great many plural neu- 
ters ; such as, Virg. Augusta viarum, opaca locorum, ttlluris operta, 
Hor. Amara cur arum, cuncla ierrarum, acuta belli. hiv.Incertafor- 
tunce, antiqua feeder um, extrema periculorum. Tac. Occulta salt uum, 
inaniafamae, amcena Asice. Just. Profunda camporum, preempt a colli- 
um, ardua montium, $*c. And sometimes other singular neuters ; <w?, 
Tac. Lubricum juvenlx. Virg. Sub obscurum noctis. Ex diverso eaeli, ^c. 

JS'oie 2. The substantive understood to these neuter adjectives is, 
negotium, tempus, locum, spatium, or the like ; as, Tantum ielluris : 
sup. spatium, Hoc noctis; sup. tempore, or ad tempus, §>c. 

Nate 3. Plus and quid always govern the genitive ; and, on that 
account, are esteemed by many, real substantives. 

JVote 4. Opus and usus govern the ablative, and sometimes the ge- 
nitive, of the thing wanted; together with the dative of the person 
who wajits, expressed or understood; as, Cic Auctoritate tua ?iobis 
opus est. Virg. JWinc viribus usus; sup. est vobis. Quinct Lectionis 
opus est. Liv. Si quo usus operai sit. Opus elegantly governs a par- 
ticiple in the ablative ; And that either with a substantive ; as, Plaut. 
Celeriter mihi hoc homine convxnto est opus: Or without a substan- 
tive ; as, Liv. Maturato opus est. Opus is likewise sometimes join- 
ed by way of adjective^ with a substantive; as, Cic. Dux nob is et 
auctor opus est. Id. Dicewnum)nos mihi opus esse. And in Plautus we 
find usus governing a participle in the ablative, in the same manner 
as opus ; Each. Quid urns est conscriphis ad hunc modam iabulis ? 
Amph. Citius quod nan facto est usus, Jit. quarn quod fact o est opus. 
And there is at least one example of its being joined by way of ad- 
jective to a substantive 3 Plaut. Kad ; Hoc neque M usus est ; elilli 
miser®, suppetiasjaccrtt. . \_ 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



3S 



11. The power of honesty 
is so great, that we love it even 
in an enemy. 

Marcellus engaged with a 
small body of horse, and slew 
Viridomarus king of the 
Gauls. 

Lampedo, the Lacedemonian, 
is said to have been the only 
woman in any age, who was a 
king's daughter, a king's wife, 
and a king's mother. 

God who knoweth man's 
heart, will punish the wicked 
who transgress his commands. 

They are not rich, whose 
money is increased, or whose 
Hocks are many ; but he is 
rich whose mind is quiet and 
content. 

A kindness does not consist 
in that which is done or given, 
but in the intention of the doer 
or giver. 

My father and mother were 
very pious. I will implore the 
divine assistance, and will fol- 
low their good example, 

12. Numerianus, Carus's son, 
a young man of an extraordina- 
ry genius, was taken off by a 
plot among the Persians. 

Olympias confessed that she 
had conceived Alexander, not 
by her husband Philip, but by a 
serpent of a huge bigness. 

Tiberius the Roman empe- 
ror, ws*s a man of a large and 
strong body, of a fair complex- 
ion, and a graceful aspect. 

Cataline was a man ©f sreat 



Vis honestas sum tantus, 
ut diligo is eliam in hos- 
tis. 

Marcellus dimico cum 
parvus manus equus, et 
occido Viridomarus rex 
G alius. 

Lampedo, Lacedemoni- 
us, dico sumunicus fmni~ 
na in omnis aivum, qui 
sum rcxfilia, rex uxor, et 
rex mater. 

Deus, qui nosco homo 
ear, punio scelestus, qui 
violo is prceceptum. 

llle non sum dives, qui 
pecunia, augeo, out qui 
grex sum mulius ; sed Ufa 
sum dives, qui animus 
sum quietus et tranquil* 
I us. 

Beneficium non consis- 
to in is quifio aut do, sed in 
animus faciens aut dans. 
Mens pater et mater 
sum valde pius, Imploro 
divinus opis, et sequor is 
bonus exemplum. 
JVu merianus, Carusjili- 
us, adolescent egregius 
indoles, occido per insidicB 
apud Per see. 

Olympias conjiteor, sui 
concipio Alexander, non 
ex vir suus Philip pus, sed 
ex serpens mgens magni- 
tudo. 

Tiberius, Ro manus im^ 
perator, sum vir ampins 
et robustus 6 corpus, 
candidus 6 color, et hon- 
est us 6 fades. 

Qatalina sum vir mag 



34 



AN INTRODUCTION 



vigor both of mind and body, 
but of a wicked and perverse 
disposition. 

13. After the battle, much 
gold and other riches were found 
in the camp of the Persians. 

As much money as any one 
has in his chest, so much credit 
faas he ; and he that has little 
money, has likewise little cre- 
dit. 

The victory is glorious, in 
which there is more of clemen- 
cy than cruelty ; for cruelty 
always occasions a great deal of 
mischief. 

Cicero was a man of a mild 
disposition, and polite elo- 
quence ; he had less courage 
than Julius Caesar, but he had 
more honesty. 

What news is there in the 
city about Nero ? a little before 
his death he leaned down upon 
a bed, and drank some warm 
water. 

After I had gone away from 
you, I wrote this little epistle, 
and I took care to avoid the 
words that might occasion any 
obscurity. 

Note 4. They have not so 
much need of p-ecept as exam- 
ple ; the boys are now arrived 
at that age, that they ouisht to 
behave wisely, what need is 
there of words ? 

Now there will be need of 
your assistance, for in a capital 
affair a judge ought t© act eau- 



nus 6 vis et animus et cor- 
pus, sed malus pravusqite 
6 ingenium. 

Post pmlium, multum 
aunim "et alius opes in- 
venio in castra Persce. 

Quantum niunmus quis- 
que servo in area suits, 
tantum fides habeo ; et 
qui habco paululum pecu- 
nia habeo eiiam paulu- 
lum fides. 

Victoria sum preeel ants, 
in qui plus dementia sum 
quoin crudelitas, nam cru. 
delitas semper fiacio plu~ 
rimum malum. 

Cicero sum vir mitis 
6 ingenium, et comptus 
6fiacundia; habeo minus 
fortitudo quam Julius 
CtBsar, sed habeo plus 
pr obit as. 

Ecquid novum sum in 
civitas de Nero ? sub mors 
decumbo super lectus, et 
bibo aliqiiantum tepidus 
aqua. 

Post quam discedo a tu 9 
exaro hie lit end a, et euro 
viio verbum qui possum 
affero aliquid obscuritas. 

No?i tarn ille opus sum 
imperium quam exem- 
plum; puerjam pervenio 
ad id (Etas, ubdebeo ago 
prudent er , quis opus sum 
verbum ? 

Nunc usus sum tuns 
opera, nam in r res capita- 
lis judex debeo ago canto*. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



36 



tiously, and there is need of 
great evidence. 

If The giants who assaulted 
heaven were buried under vast 
mountains ; they endeavour to 
rise now and ihen, which cau- 
ses the earthquake; as old poets 
affirm. 

Pompey triumphed on ac- 
count of the Mithridatic war : 
no pomp of a triumph was ever 
like it ; the son of Mithridates, 
the son of Tigranes, and Ari- 
stobulus king of ihe Jews, were 
led before his chariot. 

The Athenians, that they 
might not be reduced to their 
former condition of slavery, 
draw together an army, and or- 
der it to be led by Iphicrates. 
The conduct of this youth was 
wonderful, nor had the Athe- 
nians ever betore him, among 
so many and so great generais, 
a commander either of greater 
hopes or of a riper genius. 

After they had pitched their 
camp they receive an account 
of an old story, that iyrene, a 
lady of excellent beauty, carried 
away by Apoilo from Pelion, a 
mountain in Tbessaly, had be,en 
got with child by the god, and 
had brought forth four boys ; 
and that Aristaeus, one of them 
had first taught the use of bees 
and honey, and of nulk for 
curds. 

Courage was the cause of the 
victory ; wherefore such was 
t]ie slaughter of the enemy, 



et opus sum magnus do - 
cumtntum. 

Gigas qui oppugno cae- 
lum sepelio sub ingens 
mons j conor surgo sub- 
inde, qui efficio terra mo- 
tus, utvctuspoetaqffirmo. 

Pompeius triumpho de 
Mithridaticus helium : 
nullus pomp a triumphus 
v.nquam sum similis ; fil- 
lius Miihriddtes, Jilius 
Tigranes et Aristobulus 
rex Judccus, ductus sum 
ante is cur r us. 

Atheniensis , ne redigo 
in pristinus sors servitus, 
contrabo exercitus jubeo- 
que is duco per lphi~ 
crates Virtus hie adoles- 
cens sum admirabiiis, nee 
Atheniensis habeo wtr 
quam ante is, inter tot 
tantusque dux, imperator 
ant magnus spes, cut 
maiurus indoles. 

Cum pono castra, acci- 
pio opinio vet us fabula^ 
Cyrene, virgo eximius 
pulchritudo, raptus ab A' 
polio a Pelion, mons Thes- 
salia, repleo a deus, etpa- 
rio quatuor puer : et Ar- 
istCEus, unus ex hie, prim- 
us trodo usus apis etmel 9 
et lac ad coagulum. 



Virtus sum causa victo- 
ria ; itaque is sum ccedes 
host is, ut vktor Roma- 



36' 



AN INTRODUCTION 



that the victorious Romans did 
not drink more water than blood 
of the barbarians out of the 
bloody river. 

At last Corinth, the head of 
Achai, the glory of Greece, 
being deserted by the inhabi- 
tants was first plundered, and 
then destroyed ; but what stat- 
ues, what clothes, and what 
pictures were seize. 1, burnt, and 
thrown about ! 

When the old men perceived 
the approach of the enemy, they 
met them in the very entrance 
of the gates, and a hundred 
men of an age quite worn out 
fought against fifteen thousand ; 
so much courage and strength 
does the sight of one's country 
and home inspire. 

The first inhabitants of Italy 
were the Aborigines, whose 
king Saturn is said to have been 
a man of so much justice, that 
neither was any one a slave un- 
der him, nor had any thing of 
private property, but all things 
were common and undivided. 

Numantia the glory of Spain, 
a town without wails, without 
towers, held out against an ar- 
my of forty thousand for four- 
teen years ; nor did it hold out 
only, but often mauled them ; 
and before it could be taken, 
there was occasion for him who 
had destroyed Carthage. 



nus non bibo plus ttqud 
quam sanguis barbarus 
de crueutiis flumen. 

Tandem Corinthus, 
caput Achaia, decus Gra- 
tia desertus ah incola,pri- 
mum sum direptus, delu- 
de deletus ; sed quid sig- 
num, quid testis, quidque 
tabula raptus, incensus, 
at que projectus sum ! 

Cum senex prcesentio 
adventus hostis, occurro 
in ipse august ice porta, et 
centum vir eff actus cetas 
pugno adversus quiade- 
cim mille; tantum animus 
viresque conspectus pat- 
ria penatesque subyninis- 
tro. 

Primus cult or Italia 
sum Aborigines, qui rex 
Saturnus trado sum tan* 
tusjustitia, ut neque quis~ 
quam servio sub We, ne- 
que habeo quicquam pri- 
vatus res, sed omnis sum 
communis et indivisus. 

Numantia, decus His- 
pania, oppidum sine mu- 
rus, sine turris, sustiiw& 
excrcitus quadra ginta 
mille, per quatuordecim 
annus; iiecsustineo modo, 
sed scepius per cello ; et 
priusquam capio possum^ 
opus sum is qui everto 
Carthago. 



There is but one God, the author, the creator, the governor of 
tue world ; almighty, eternal, and unchangeable. Wonderful lie is 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



37 



iftattliis wayst: his counsels are unsearchable, his goodness is con- 
spicuous in all his works ; he is the fountain of excellence, the cen- 
tre of perfection ; the creatures of his hand declare his goodness, 
all their enjoyments speak his praise. 

Thales was reckoned among the wise men, because he was belie- 
ved to be the first that brought geometry into Greece. He first ob- 
served the motions of the sun and stars, the origin of the winds, and 
the nature of thunder. Being asked what he thought the most dif- 
ficult thing in the world? he answered, To know one's self. 

Sir William Wallace was a man of an ancient family, but of a 
small fortune. He performed many glorious exploits in the war 
against the English. Many, whom the love of their country had 
called together, flocked to Wallace from all parts. He quickly took 
the castles, which the English possessed beyond the Forth. The 
Forth is a river an arm of the sea. which divides Lothian from Fife, 
The mouth of the Forth is called the Scottish sea. He led his ar- 
my into England^where he found much gold and silver among the 
snoils of his enemies. What need had he of more? 



§ 2. Of Adjectives. 
RULE I. 



§ 2. Adjectivorwn. 
REG. I. 



VERBAL adjec- A DJECTIVA 

tives, and such /■% verbalia, vet 

signify an affection of affectionem animi 

the mindjjrequire the gen- signifiantia, geiiiii- 

itive. t vum postulant. 



as 



This man is capable of friend- 
ship, a lover of his country, 
fond of learning, skilled in 
war, not ignorant of reli- 
gion, and privy to all my de- 
signs. 



Hie vir est capax amicU 
tiaz, avians patriae, cn- 
pidus literariim, perit us 
belli, haud ignarus reli- 
gionis, et consents oi?i- 
nixim meo rum c onsilio- 
rum. 



To this rule belong, 

I. VERBAJLS in AX, and PARTICIPIALS in NS: 

as, capax, edax, fugax,pertiyax, pervicax, rapax, sagax 
speniax, tenax, vorax, 4*c. avians, appetens^ cupicm.ex- 
veriensy intelligent; insokm, neerligens* diligem, meitetns. ob- 

D 



3s AN INTRODUCTION 

hemans, paiiens, impatiens, retinens, reverenli'or, sciem, 
servantissimm, Umens, tolerans , fugiens , sittens, &c. 

If. ADJECTIVES signifying an affection of the mind 

such as, 

1. DESIRE and DISDAIN ; as, cvpidus, avarus, avi- 
dus, studiosus, curwsus, (Emulus.fastidiosus, incur iusus.pro- 
fusus, 4*c, 

2. KNOWLEDGE; as, peritus, g?iants, prudens, cal- 
tidus, providas, doctus, docilis, prczscius, prcesagns, certus 
certior, memor, expertus, consultus, assuefus, 4«c. 

3. IGNORANCE ; as, ignarus, rudis, imperiius, imprur 
dcns,improiidus, Jieschis, inscius, incertus^ dubius, anxius, 
solititus. immemor, ambiguus, suspensus, indoctus, incxper- 
tus^formidolosus, pavidus, timidus, trepidus ; also, insueius 
insolitus, securus, intrepidus, interritus, impavidus, 8fc. 

4. GUILT ; as, consents , corvcictus, manifestos^ suspectus , 
reus, noxius, compertus ; also, innoocius, innocens, insons, <jr. 

A'ole 1. Verbals or verbal adjectives, are adjective nouns derived 
from verbs ; as capax from capio, edax from edo $-c. Participials 
are participles turned into adjective nouns ; such as, patiens, impa- 
tiens ; doctus, indoctus ; txpertus, inexpurtus. 4*r. Here observe, that 
the participial and participle, though the word be often the same, 
differ in signification, as well as in point of construction : the par- 
ticiple signifies a single act at a certain time ; but the participial, 
without regard to any particular time, denotes a habit Thus", pa- 
tiemfrigusj signifies a person just now exposed to the cold, however 
unfit he may be to bear it ; but patiens frigoris, denotes one whom 
nature or custom has enabled or fitted to bear the cold with ease. 
Again, doctus grammalica.ni. signifies a person, who some time ago 
has been taught grammar, though perhaps he never understood it, 
or has now forgot it ; but ductus grammatics, denotes one, who by 
long study has attained a thorough knowledge in grammar, or is 
become a connoisseur in it. Again, participials admit the degrees 
of comparison,, which participles do not; thus, amans, amantior, 
amtntusimw : doctwt. doctior, doctissimus. 

Note. 2. To this rule maybe referred a great variety of other ad- 
jectives, the more common of which occur in the following phrases ; 
*'- Abjectior animi, abstemius viui, acer militia?, illustrium domuum 
64 adversa, aeger animi sequales swi, sequss absentium. illarura re- 
N rum amines, alienum dignitatis, alternus animae, aniens animi, ani- 
" helu* laboris, ardens animi, atrox odii, audax ingenii, aversus ani- 
" mi, bibulus Falerni, blandus precum. c<ecus animi, captus animi, 
." catus legum, commune omnium, confidens animi, confirmatus 
11 animi, confusus animi, conterminus jugi, contraria virtutum, cre- 
" dulus adversi, degener virtutis, devius a?qui, disertu^ leporura, 
" dispar sortis, dissimilis tui, diversus morum, divina avis imbnum, 
" durus oris, effusissimus munificentia?, egregius animi, enunciations 
li corporum erectas animi, esactus moruia. exiguus animi. eximin* 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. $ 

• animi, exosa vitae, externatus animi, facilis frugum, fallax am.i- 
" citia?, falsus animi, felix cerebri, ferox animi, fervidus ingeniij 
w fessus rerum, festinus voti, fidens aniini, fidissima tui, finitimus 

* fluvii, flavus comarum, floridior aevi, fluxi vestium, fortunatus 
« laborum, frustrates decoris, fugitivus patria3, furens animi, gau- 

* dens alti, illex animi, impiger~militiae, improba connubii, incau- 
li tus futuri, inconsuetus mensae, indecora formae, indocilis pacis, 
*' infelix culpa?, ingens animi, inglorius militia?, ingratus salutis, in* 

* sanus animi, insolens infamise, integer animi, invictus laboris, 

* lapsus animi, lassus maris, lentus ccepti, levis opum, madidus ro- 
w ris, maturus laudum. maximus aevi, medius co?Ji, miser animi, 
f* moderatus ira?, mutabile jmentis, mutatus animi, nobilis fandi, 
« notus fugarum, obnoxius timoris, occaltus odii. optimus militia?., 
« oriundus cujus patriae, ornatus fidei, otiosi studiorum, pare? aeta- 
•• tis, perfidapacti, periclitabundus sui, perinfames malefica? discipli- 

• nos, piger pericli. prceclarus fidei, praeceps animi, praecipuus virtu- 
•- tis, praestans belli, pravus favoris, primus luenda? poena?, pros- 
*■ perus occasionis, propria? Deorum voluptates, procax otii, profu- 
<"* gus regni, promptus belli, pulcherrimus irae, recreatus animi, 
« rectus judicii, resides bellorum, sanus mentis, saucius famae, sci- 
« tus vadorum, secors rerum, secreta teporis, segnis occasionnm, 
et seri studiorum, sicci sanguinis ensis, significativus belli cometes, 
<* simiJis tui, sinister fidei, solers lyrae, spernendus morum, spreta 
•"' vigoris, stabiiis sui orbis, strenuus militia?, stupens animi, summits 
01 severitatis, superior sui, superstes bellorum, surdus veritatis, tan- 
« tus animi, tardus fuga?, tenella animi, territus animi, turbatus ani- 
c - mi, turbidus animi, vafer juris, vagus animi, validus opum, vanus 
<< veri, vecors animi, venerandus sceptri, versus animi, versutus in- 
a genii, vetus regnandi, victns aniini, vigil armenti, viridissimus irae, 
•• unius rerum." 

Note 3. Of the adjectives belonging to this rule, aimulus, cerlits, 
inccrlus, dubius, ambiguus, conscius, manifestus, suspectus, noxiusj com- 
pertus, instead of the genitive, take frequently the dative, but gene- 
rally iu a different sense, as will be taught in No. 16. Several also 
of the adjectives in Note 2. such as, adversus, cequalis, affi?iis, aliens 
us, blandus, communis, conterminus, contrarius, credulus, dispar, dis~ 
similis, fidus, finitimus, par, proprius, similis, superstes, and some 
others, take pftener the dative than the genitive, as will likewise be 
taught in No. 16. And superior, capitis, oriundus, gaudens, take 
commonly the ablative, as taught in No. 19. 20. 52. 

Note 4. Many of the adjectives belonging to this rule admit of 
other constructions ; as, Cic. De alieno negligens. Id. .Qvidusin pe- 
cuniis. Id. Certior f actus de re. Liv. Securus de bello. Cic. Nulla 
inrerudis. Id. Doctus Laiinis Uteris. Plin. Suspecta incestu. Cic. 
Reus de vi. Reus magnis criminibus. Colum. Innoxius ab injuria. 
Many also of those enumerated in Note 2. either take the ablative, 
or admit of some other construction ; as, Ovid. Ftlix morte sua. 
Cic. Ferox natura. Id. Prazstans ingenio et doctrina. Tac. Devius 
comiliis. Ovid. Fugithms a domino. Cic. Profugi ab Thebis. Tac. 
Degener ad pericula. And alienus has very frequently the ablative.. 
With a, or ab ; ag ; Ter. Homo sum ; humani nihil ami alienumpiiio^ 



4U 



AN INTRODUCTION 



JVo/e 5. The genitive, according to grammarians; is not gm i 
by ihese adjectives ; but by in re, in negoiio, in causa, or the like 
understood: except m cases where the adjective is used substan- 
tively. 



1. Blasius was a man capable 
of profound thcught, firm in his 
resolution, despising death, and 
avoiding ambition ; he was a 
quick discerner of things, and 
v stickler for vvbat was right ; 
feut be was obstinate in wrath, 
and a devcurerof much meat. 

The Emperors freed man 
w'as a man able to endure cold, 
and capable of Bearing want ; 
but be was afraid of the lash, 
and unacquainted withwar: he 
was Skilled in music, fond of 
pleasure, and a lover of wine : 
nay, he was greedy of praise, 
covetous of applause ; but e- 
vjualiy neglectful of friends and 
enemies. He was, however, 
most observant of justice, and 
nobody was more revereful of 
the gods. 

II. 1. The man, whom I men- 
tioned above, was of a fickle 
temper : at first he was desi- 
rous of war, greedy of military 
gfory, and weary of learn- 
ing ; but after Carthage, that 
vied with the city of Rome for 
so marsy years, was destroyed, 
he was fond of peace, addicted 
10 eloquence, and much taken 
tip with physic. 

2. Our general is skilled in 
many things, being expert at 
arms, well seen in the art mi- 
litary, versed in war, foreseeing 
what is to come, aware of 



Bias his sum vir capax 
altus mens , tenax propo- 
situm, spernax mors, et 
fugax ambitio ; sum sa- 
gax res* et pertinax rec- 
tum ; sed sum j)ervicax 
ira,etedax multus cibus. 

Impcraior libertus sum 
homo pattens algor, et to- 
lerans penuria : sed sum 
metuens flagdhivi, et in- 
salens bellum : sum sciens 
musica, cupiens voluptas, 
et amans vinum : imo sum 
appetens laus, sitiens fa- 
ma : sed wque negligens 
amicus inimicus que, Sum 
tain en servantissimus &- 
quum, et rtemo sum rove- 
rentier deus* 

Vir, qui memoro supra, 
summobilis 6 ingenium: 
primo sum avidus bellum, 
avarus militaris gloria, et 
fastidiosus liters ; sed 
postquam Carthago ,cemu - 
lus urbs Roma per tot 
eawtus, everto, siwi cupi- 
dus pax, studiosus clo- 
queiitia, et curiosus me- 
dicina, 

Noster dux sumperitus 
multus res,gnarus anna, 
prudens res militaris, ex- 
pertus bellum, prcescius 
xtnturum, providus res- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



44 



things future, well assured of 
what will happen*, but undaunt- 
ed at danger, and not afraid of 
death ; his son is well acquaint- 
ed with learning, but apt to 
iearn vice ; he is skilled in the 
law, versed in country affairs, 
and mindful of a good turn. 

3. This man is void of learn- 
ing, ignorant of philosophy, un- 
skilled in arms, unacquainted 
with the world, not afraid of the 
gods, unaccustomed to hard- 
ship, not used to slavery, fear- 
Jess of death, unmindful of his 
condition,- and regardless of re- 
putation. His wife, ignorant 
of her extraction, is unstaid in 
her mind, wavering in her re- 
solution, concerned, and in pain 
for her affairs, and perplexed 
about the theft. 

4. The orator defended two 
men accused of parricide, and 
suspected of capital crimes ; 
the one had been privy to mur- 
der, and concerned in a conspi- 
racy, who being evidently guil- 
ty of the villany, and convicted 
of the crime, was condemned ; 
the other being guiltless of the 
facts, not concerned in the plot 
entered into against the king's 
life, innocent of his brother's 
blood, and found guilty of no 
crime, was acquitted. 

H Shame and modesty are 
weak restraints amongst men 
thirsting after power, and re- 
gardless of honour: accor- 
dingly Domitian proceeded to 
huge excesses of lust, rage, 
l> 2. 



futurus,certiisfuturiim,ve- 
rum intrepidus periculum, 
et interritus letitm : isftli- 
us sum doctus litem, sed 
docilis pracum ; sum con- 
sidtus jus, call idus res rits- 
ticus,ei meinor benejicum. 

Hie homo sum rudis li- 
ter ce . igrt arus phi to soph ia, 
inscius arma, imperiius, 
res, hand timidus dens, in- 
suetus labor, insolUus ser- 
tritium, impavidus mors, 
immemor sors et seenrus 
famct. Is uxor, uestius 
genus, sum incertus ani- 
mus, dubius consilium, so- 
licit us ettrepidus res situs : 
et anxius furtum. 



Orator defendo duo ho- 
mo reus parricidium, et 
suspectus capitalis cri- 
men : alter sum consciis 
ccedes, et noxius conjura- 
Ho, qui,vianifestiis scetus, 
et com: id us f acinus, con- 
demno : alter, innocent 
factum, innoxius consili- 
um initus in rex caput, 
insonsf rater nus sanguis, 
et compertus nidlusjiagi- 
Hum, absolvo. 

Tudor et modest la stem 
i/ijirmus vinculum a pud 
homo avidus poientia et 
securus deem : itaqne Do- 
mit ia >a t .? p rog re d io r a d 
in?c:izviiiiitti libido Ara- 



42 



AN INTRODUCTION 



cruelty, and avarice, and raised 
bo great a hatred against him- 
self, that he quite wiped off the 
merits of his father and bro- 
ther. 

Catiiine, a man of a very no- 
ble extraction, but of a very 
wicked disposition, with some 
famous indeed, hut daring men, 
conspired against his country ; 
his accomplices being seized, 
were strangled in prison ; and 
indeed, what could be hard or 
too severe against men convict- 
ed of such villany ? 

Vespasian, the emperor, was 
apt not to remember offences 
and quarrels : he took patient- 
ly the ill language uttered a 
gainst him by the lawyers and 
philosophers: and Galba was a 
man not regardless of fame, not 
covetous of other men's money, 
but greedy of the public's mo- 
ney, and not lavish of his own ; 
could bear with his friends and 
freed-men, was capable of em- 
pire, had he not governed. 

Clneas, who was Demosthe- 
nes's scholar, and skilled in the 
Latin tongue, was sent to Rome 
by Pyrrhus, to advise the Ro- 
mans to sue for peace ; but the 
Romans afterwards dispatched 
generals into Greece and other 
quarters, who taught the nations, 
till that time free, and therefore' 
unable to bear the yoke, to beg 
peace of them, and be subject. 

Sylla was fond of pleasure, 
but fonder of glory, he hastened 



ciindia^ crudelitas et ava* 
ritia, et concito tantus o- 
dium in sui, ut penitus 
aboleo meritum pater et 
frater. 

Catilina, vir nobilis 6 
genus, sedpavus 6 inge- 
niiim, cum quidam clams 
quidem, sed audax vir, 
conjuro adversus patria : 
is socius deprehensus, 
strangulo in career ; et 
saw quis possum acerbus 
avt nimis gravis in ho- 
mo convictus tantus far 
cinus? 

Vespasianus, princeps 
sum immemor offensa et 
inimiciiia; leniter fero 
convkium dictus in sui a 
causidicus et philoso- 
phies ; et Galba sum vir 
non incuriosus Jama, ncn 
appctens alienus pecunia, 
sed avariis pecunia pnib- 
liens, et non profusus 
situs ; patiens amicus li~ 
bertusque, capax imperi- 
um, nisi impero. 

Cineas, qui sum De- 
mosthmes discipndus, et 
doctus Latinus lingua* 
mitto ad Roma a Pyrr- 
hus, ut hortor Romanus 
pet o pax ; sed Romanus 
jjostea mitto dux in Gra- 
tia alius que pars, qui 
doceo gens, ad id tem- 
pus liber, et ideo impati- 
ent jug um, peto pax a 
sui, et servio. 

Sylla sum cupidus vo- 
hiptas , sed ertpidzrs glorws 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



43 



with his victorious army from 
Asia ; and indeed since Marius 
had been so cruel against his 
friends, how great severity was 
there occasion for, that Sylla 
might be revenged of Marius ? 



propero cum victor exer- 
citus ab Asia ; etsane qu- 
um Marius sum tarn fe- 
rns in is amicus, quantus 
scevitia opus sum, ut Syl- 
la vindico de Marius ? 



Agesilaus was an excellent general, undaunted at danger, able to 
endure want, and accustomed to hardship ; he was a man of low sta- 
ture, and slender body ; so that strangers, when they beheld hi6 
person, despised him ; but they who knew his abilities could not 
sufficiently admire him. 

Epaminondas, the son of Polymnus, the Theban, was modest, 
prudent, skilled in war, a lover of truth, and of a great spirit. 

Nyctimene is said to have committed some horrible wickedness^ 
for which she was changed into an owl, an ugly dismal bird, who, 
conscious of her guilt, never appears when the suu shines, but be- 
ing driven from the society of birds, seeks to conceal her shame in 
the darkness of the night. 



15. 



RULE II. 

PARTITIVES, 
and words pla- 
ced partitively, compa- 
ratives, superlatives, in- 
terrogatives, and some 
numerals govern the ge- 
nitive plural. 



REG. II. 

PARTITIVE, 
et partitive po- 
st la, comparatively sa~ 
perlativaj interroga* 
tivcii et qucedam nu- 
meralia, genitivo plu- 
rali gaudent. 



None of the wild beasts. 
The black among vultures. 
The elder of the brothers. 
The most learned of^ the 

mans. 
Which of us ? 
One of the muses. 
The eighth of the wise men 



Nulla belluarum. 
Nigri Vulturum. 
Senior fralrum. 
Ro- Doctissimus Romanornfia. 

Quis nostrum. 
Una mus a rum 
Octavus sapientum. 



1. Partitives are adjectives, noun?, or pronouns, signify- 
$*g many, or a part of many, severally, ana as it were one 



44 AN INTRODUCTION 

by one ; as, villus, nullus, solus, uter, uterque, utercunquk^ 
utervis, 'uterlibet, alter, alteruter, neuter, alius, aliquis, 
quidarn, quispiam, quisquis, quisque, unusquisque, aliquoi, 
center, r eli quits ; to which add, omnis, cunctus, and the 
substantive nemo. 

2. Words placed partitively are adjectives used in a 
partitive sense, or taken to signify a part of many ; as, 
lectijuvenum, the choice of the young men; nigrce lana- 
rum, the black hair among wool ; degeneres canum, sanc- 
ti deorum, fyc. to which may be added the substantive 
vulgus ; as, vulgus Atker.iensium, vulgus militum. 

3. Comparatives are adjectives of the comparative de- 
gree ; as, dociior. 

4. Superlatives are adjectives of the superlative degree ; 
as, doctissitnus. 

5. Interrogates are adjective nouns or pronouns, by 
which we ask a question ; those belonging to this rule 
are, qilis, quisnam, quisve, uter, quot, quotus, quotus qui s epic. 

6. Numerals are adjectives signifying number ; and to 
this rule belong both the cardinals, such as, units, duo, 
trcs, <$*c. and the ordinals, such as, primus, secunelus, tcr- 
£ius,fyc. as also the distributive singulis to which add, 
multi, pauci, plerique, medius.. 

Note 1. The partitive, k.c. takes the gender of the substantive it 
governs, when there is no other; but it there are two substantives 
of different genders, it generally agrees with the first; as, CicY 
Indus maximum jluminum. Id. Leo forlissimus anlmaUum. But not 
always ; as Flin. Delphimis tstlocissimum omnium animanihim. 

Note 2. Partitives, &c. govern the genitive singular of collectives ; 
as, Cic. Prxsiantissimus nostra civitatls. Virg. JVymphorum sangui- 
nis una. 

Mitt 3. The comparative, as also the partitive, uter, alter, neu- 
Ver, when they govern a genitive of partition, import a comparison 
betwixt two only : thus, speaking of two brothers, or two person^ 
we say, major frairum, uter vtstfiimf Eut speaking of three or 
more, we say, maxim us f rat rum, quis vesirum. 

Note 4. Instead of the genitive of partition, we often find the ab- 
lative with dt, e, ex, or in, and sometimes the accusative with inter, 
or ante, as, Ovid. Dt tot modo fratrihus imus. Cic. unus e Stoicis. 
id. £cerrimus ex omnibus noslr'u sensihus est se?ifus ridendi. Senec. 
CrcEsas inter reges opulent issimus. Liv. Lotige ante alios acceptistt-' 
mtis milit um animis. 

JS"otto. After partitives, he. we Use the genitives, 7iostnmi and - 
v?s!rum } but not mstrl or v??!ri. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



45 



Mole 6. In this construction of partitives, &c. de, e, vel ex numero 
is understood or sometimes expressed ; as, Juv. Qucedam de numero 
tamicirum. V. Max. Unus e numero Persarnm. Caes. Ex numero 
tidversariorum sexcenlis intcrfectis. 



I. Augustus after the civil 
•wars, neither in his harangues 
nor in his edicts, called any of 
;he military, fellow soldiers. 

Alexander engaged with none 
of his enemies whom he did not 
conquer, and laid siege to no 
town which he did not take. 

Spain was invaded by the 
Romans before it knew itself, 
and alone of all the provinces 
understood its own strength af- 
ter it was subdued. 

Who will wonder that the en- 
emy gave way, when one of the 
consuls ordered his own son, 
though victorious, to be slain, 
because he had fought contrary 
to orders ? 

What every one of your 
friends may have written to the 
general concerning these two 
men, I know not ? But neither 
of them is much to be blam- 
ed ; the rest of the soldiers 
were also in the fault, and none 
of us is innocent. 

This man entertains a stran- 
ger more handsomely than ei- 
ther of you, or any of your 
friends: Come, says he, here 
are eggs, hens, apples, and nuts ; 
some of the apples are mellow ; 
of the eggs, some are long, 
some round ; choose either of 
them you please, for both of 
ttiem are good. 



Augustus , post chilis' 
helium nequein concio, ne- 
que per edictum, appello 
ullus miles commilito. 

Alexander congredior 
cum nullus hostis qui non 
vinco et obsideo nullus 
urbs qui non exptigno. 

Hispania obsideo aRo- 
manus antequam cognos- 
co sui, et solus omnis pro- 
vincia intelligo situs vi- 
res postquam vinco. 

Quis miror hostis cedo, 
quum alter consul jubeo 
suits jiliuS) quamvis vic- 
tor, occido, quia pugno 
contra imperium ? 

Quis quisque turn ne- 
cessarily scribo ad impe- 
rator de hie duo vir, nes~ 
cio ; sed neuter is sum 
valde reprehendendus ; 
reliquus miles sum etiam 
in culpa, etnemo ego sum 
innocuus. 

Hie vir excipio hospes 
elegant er quam utervis 
tu, out quisqitam amicus 
vester : Agile, inquani 
hie sum ovum, gallina, 
pomum et nux ; ovum 
alius sum oblongus, alius 
rotundus ; eligo uterlibet 
hie, nam liter que is sum 
bonus. 



46* 



AN INTRODUCTION 



2. The centurion being sur- 
rounded by the enemy, was 
in great danger ; but the chief 
of his friends, the chosen amongst 
the young men, and the light ar- 
med of the soldiers, came run- 
ning up to his relief. 

3 and 4. The younger of the 
bees go abroad to their work, 
the more elderly labour within. 
Thus the most ancient of mor- 
tals practised industry; they 
lived without a crimej and there- 
fore without punishment, nor 
was there need of rewards- 

5 and 6. Who of mortals can 
endure regal pride ? Where- 
fore Tarquin, the seventh and 
last of the Roman kings, was 
driven into banishment, and 
scarce two or three of his well 
wishers were left in the eiiy. 

All Gaul is divided into three 
parts ; whereof the Belgse inha- 
bit one, the Aquilani another, 
the Gauls the third. Of all 
these the Belga? are the bravest. 
What numbers of men have 
flourished there ? 

IT After Sylla came over to 
Africa, and to the camp of 
Mar his with the horse, though 
raw before, and unacquainted 
with war, he soon became the 
most accomplished of all. But 
what one of a thousand of great 
generals is happy ? 

The tyrants are conquered, 
and fly back to the city. After 
this they begged assistance of 
the Lacedemonians The war 
i* renewed, five hundred of the 



Centurio eireuniv entity 
ah hostis, versor in mag- 
nas periculum ; sed proe,- 
cipuus amicus, led its ju- 
venis* et expeditus miles, 
concurro in auxilium* 

Adolescentiorapis exeo 
ad opus, senior operor in- 
tus, ita vetustissimus mor- 
talis exerceo diligentia : 
ago sine scelus eoquesine 
poena, nee opus sum pm- 
mium. 

Quis mortal is possum 
folero regalis superbia ? 
Itaquc Tarquinius, Septi- 
mus atque ultimus Roma- 
mis rex, ago in exilium, 
et vix duo aut ires fau- 
tor relinquo in urbs. 

Qfhnu Gallia sum di- 
xisus in ires pars ; qui 
Bel gee incolo units. Aqui- 
lani alius Galli tertius. 
Hie omnis Belgce sum 
fottissimus. Quot homo 
ibi provenio ? 

Post quam Sylla venio 
in Africa, atque in castra 
Marius cum equitatus, 
quamvis rudis antea, et 
ignarus helium, brevisjio 
solertissimus omnis. Sed 
quQtusquisque magnus 
dux sumfelix. 

Tyr annus vinco, et in 
urbs refugio. Post hicpe- 
to auxilium a Lacedcemo- 
nius. Bellum redintegro, 
qitingenti Lac-edcemonius 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



47 



Lacedemonians are slain in 
battle, Critias and Hippolochus 
the most cruel of all the ty- 
rants, fall. But who amongst 
men, or which of the gods, be- 
wailed their death ? 

IMany of the soldiers were 
kissing the hands and feet of 
Otho, and calling him the only 
emperor: whilst in the mean 
time, Vitellius, ignorant of the 
victory, was drawing together 
the remaining strength of the 
German army : most of the sol- 
diers were on their march, a 
few only of the veterans were 
left in the winter quarters. 

Of Caesar's men, not above 
twenty were missing, but in the 
castle there were none of the 
soldiers but were wounded, 
four of the centurions lost their 
eyes, thirty thousand arrows 
were shot into the castle by the 
enemy, and in the shield of 
Scasva the centurion were found 
two hundred and thirty holes. 

Sicily at the beginning was 
the country of the Cyclops : af- 
ter they were extirpated, Coca- 
lus seized the government of the 
island, after whom each of the 
I cities fell under the power of 
tyrants. 

Caesar, the most penetrating 
and wisest of generals, resolves 
to take Dumnorix along with 
him into Biitain, because he 
knew him to be desirous of 
thange, fond of power, of a 
*reat spirit, and of great autho- 
rity among the Gauls ; though 



terjicio inprazlium, Cri- 
tias et Hippolochus , om- 
nis tyrannus sazvissimus, 
cado. Sed quisnam homo, 
quisvb deiiSy lugeo moi*s ? 

Multus miles exosculor 
manus ac pes Otho, uni- 
cusque imperator prczdi- 
co ; dwn interim, Vitel- 
lius, nescius victoria, 
traho reliquus vires Ger- 
manicus exercitus ; ple- 
rique miles sum in iter, 
pauci, tantum veteranus 
relinquo in hiberna. 

Ccesar miles non ampli- 
us viginti sum desidera*> 
tus, sed in castellwn ne- 
mo miles omino stmt quia 
vulnero, quatuor centu- 
rio amitto o cuius, trigin- 
ta mille sagitta conjicio 
in castellwn ab hostis, et 
in scutum Scceva centurio 
invenio ccxxxforamen. 

Sicilia a principium 
sumpatria Cyclops : post- 
quamille extinguo, Coca- 
lus occupo regnum insur 
la ; post qui singuli civi- 
tas concedo in imperium 
tyrannus. 

Ca>sar,sagacissimus ac 
sapienttissimus dux, coiv- 
stituo duco Dumnorix su- 
icum in Brittannia, quod 
cognosce) is cupidus res 
novus, avidus imperium, 
magnus 6 animus, ei mag- 
nus audoritas inter Gal- 



43 



AN INTRODUCTION 



he persisted to intreat that he 
might be left in Gaul. 

Gordius spied a young lady 
of excellent beauty at the gate 
of the city, and asked her which 
of the augurs he should consult ? 
When she understood the occa- 
sion oi his question, being ^kill- 
ed in the an. she U/k1 biff) that 
he shuuh) be 

misos that si >« tiie 

companion of his Life aad hopes. 
This offer seemed the chief 
happiness of a kingdom. 



lus ; quamvii Hie conttn 
do pet a uti in Gallia re- 
tin quo. 

Gordius conspicor Vir- 
go eximius pulchritude 
ad porta urbs, et percon- 
tor quis augur consulto .* 
Cum intelUgo causa quces. 
fio, peritus ars, responded 
ille sum rex, et polliceor 
sui fore socius vita is et 
spes. Hie conditio vidwr 
primus f el icitas rtgn um. 



Fylades au d Orestes cherished a mutual love, and no mortal 
knows which of them was the more faithful. 

The priestess of Apollo being asked why Jupitor was esteemed 
the chief of the Gods, since Mars was the best soldier? made this 
answer, Mars is valiant, but Jupiter is wise 

The nation of the Suevi is the most warlike of all the German*. 
The nature of their food, their daily exercise, and iree manner of life 
improve their strength, and make them men of hu^e stature of body. 

When Faith, Temperance, the Graces, and other celestial pow- 
ers left the earth, (says one of the Ancients,) Hope was the only 
goddess that staid behind 

The first of all virtues is Innocence, the next is Modesty. If we 
banish Modesty out of the world, she carries away with her half the 
virtue that is in it. 



16. 



RULE III. 

DJECTIVES 



-A-Mgnifying pro- 
fit or disprofit govern the 



dative. 



REG. III. 
DJECTIVJ 

significantia 
comrnodum vel incom- 
modum renunt dati- 



A J 



-vum. 



Kind to me. 

Agreeable to the people. 
Sentenced to punishment 
Evident tc all- 



Benignus milii. 
:""-- Acceptus plebi. 

Addictus supplicio. 
Aperttim omnibus. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 49 

bordering on the sea. Finitimus mari. 

Fit for study. Aptus studio. 

Frank to petitioners. Facilis rogantilms. 
Of Ihe same age with Cicero. ' JE quails Ciceroni. 

Like bis father. Similis patrl. 

Allied to heaven. Cognatus ccelo. 

Exposed to danger. Obnoxius periculo. 

To this rule belong chiefly adjectives signifying, 

1. PROFIT or DISPROFIT ; as benignus, bonus, uii* 
Us, commodus,fdix,faustus, fructuosus, prosper, saluber ; 
also, calamitosus, inutilis, damnosus, dints, exitiosiis,fu- 
nestus, ineommodus, mains, noxius, perniciosus, pestifer. 

2. PLEASURE or PAIN; as, acceptus, dulcis, grains, 
gratiosus,jucundus,lcetus,suavis; also, acerbus, amarus^ 
iusuavis, injucundus, ingratus, molestus, tristis. 

3. LOVE or HATRED ; as,, addictus, cequus, amicus, 
benevolus, blandus, cams, d,editus,fidus,fideUs, lenis, mitis, 
propitim ; also, adversiis, asper, crudelis, contrarius, in- 
fensus, infestus, infidus, immitis, inimicus, iniquus, invisus, 
invidus, iratus, odiosus, suspectus, trux. 

4. PERSPICUITY or OBSCURITY; a*, aperius, 
certus, compertus, conspicuus, manifesius, notus, perspicuus ; 
also, ambiguus, dubius, ignohis, incertus, obscurus. 

5. PROPINQUITY; as, finitimus, proprior, proximus, 
propinquus, socius, vicinus, affinis. 

6. FITNESS or UNFITNESS; as, aphis, appositm, 
uccommodatus, habiiis, idoneus, opportunus ; also, incptm, 
inhabilis, importunus, inconveniens. 

7. EASINESS or DIFFICULTY; as, facilis, levis, 
obvius, pervius ; also, difficilis, arduus^ gravis, labor iosus, 
vericuio sus, invius. 

8. EQUALITY or INEQUALITY ; as, aqualis, aqua- 
vits, par, compar, suppar, communis ; and, incEqi.ia.lis, im- 
oar, dispar, discors : Also, LIKENESS or UNLIKE- 

. NESS ; as, similis, cumulus, geinimis ; and, dis similis, ab- 
tonus, alienus, diver sus, discolor. 

j 9. Also many compounded with CON % as, cognatus, 
:onco?or, concors, confinis, congimv.s, consanguineus, con- 
cerns, consentaneus, co,.so?ians, conveniens, conterminus, con- 
fjgwis, continuum j coniinens, fyc. 



E 



50 AN INTRODUCTION 

10. A great variety of other adjectives that cannot be 
reduced to distinct classes ; as, obnoxius, subjectus, sup- 
plex, supersl.es, proprius, credulus, absurdus, decorus, de- 
fori?iis, prcesto, sewndus* <^c. 

.Vote I. With respect to the adjectives belonging to this rule, ob- 
serve. 1. That cemulus, cerlus, incertus, dubius, avibiguus, consents, 
manifestus, suspectus, noxius, compertus, §*c. often govern the geni- 
tive j as was taught No. 14. 2. That though adrersus, aqualis, ftffmis, 
alienus. blandus, communis, conterminus, contrarius, credulus. dispar, 
dissimilis.fidus, finidmus, par, proprius, si?nilis, superstes. fyt. take 
commonly the dative ; yet sometimes they govern the genitive, as al- 
ready observed in No. 14. Note 2, 3. That benignus, prosper, helus. gra- 
vis, and some others, often take the genitive or ablative, as belonging 
to No. 21. Here also observe, that adjectives belonging to differ- 
ent rules, and which admit of different constructions in different 
"senses, sometimes take both cases after them ; as, Ter. Mens sibi 
CQtiscia recti. 

Note 2. Some adjectives signifying love, hatred, or other passions 
toward or against a person ; such as, amicus, animatus, beneficus, 
benevolus, benignus, pius, gratus, misericors, liberalis ; acerbus, se- 
rerus, savus, cruddis, iniquus, injuriosus, infensus, §>c. take often the 
accusative, with the preposition in, crga, or ad versus. 

Note 3. Some adjectives signifying fitness, usefulness, or the con- 
trary ; such as, accommodatus, oppositus, apius, congruus, cominodus, 
habilis, idoneus, opportunus, ulilis ; ineptus, inhabilis, inutilis, <$-c. 
take frequently the accusative with ad. 

.Vote 4. Adjectives signifying motion, tendency, or propensioa 
to a thing; such as, celer, tardus, vdox, pigcr* impiger, lentus; 
praceps. rapidus, segnis; declivis, iaclinabilis, proctitis, pronns, pro- 
pensus, paratus, promplus, profugus, fyc. take the accusative, with 
ad or in, rather than the dative. 

Note 5. Propior and proximus, in imitation of their primitive 
prope, sometimes takes the accusative, the preposition ad being un- 
derstood, but seldom or never expressed ; as, Sal. Vitium propius 
virlutem. Cic. Proximus Pompeium scdebam. 

Note 6. Substantives sometimes govern the dative; as Virg. Erif 
Hit mild semper Deus. Ter. Nalura tu Mi paler es, consiliis ego. 
Hor. Mast is presidium reis. Virg. Tu decus omne tuis. Cic. Non 
hominibus sea virtu tibus hostis. Plaut. Lupus est homo homini/Lucr. 
Urbi paler est. Ter. Nostra est fautrix familial. 

Note 7. The dative, according to grammarians, is not, properly 
speaking, governed either by adjectives, verbs, or any other part of 
speech ; but is fitly subjoined to any word, when acquisition, ademp- 
tion, advantage, disadvantage, or destination, is signified. 

17. Verbals in BILIS Verbalia in BILIS 
and DUS govern the da- et DUS regunt dati~> 
tive. vum* 



TO LATIN SYNTAX, 



31 



Wonderful to you. 
To be intreated by me. 



Mirabilis tibi. 
Exorandus mihi. 



.Vote 1. The participle perfect, signifying passively, takes some- 
times the dative, bat oftener the ablative, with «, or ab. Cic. Ego 
audita tibi putaram. Id. Mors Crassi est a multis deflela. Ovid. 
Proditus a socio est. 

JS'ote 2. Verbals in DUS also, instead of the dative, take some- 
times the ablative, with a or ab. Cic. Admonendum a me. lck 
JYon eos veneraados a nobis. 



16. 1. Mallows are whole- 
some for the body^ useful to 
the sick, and hurtful to no man ; 
hut some medicines are un- 
profitable to the physician him- 
self, destructive to health, and 
pernicious to the patient. 

The victory, which Caesar ob- 
tained in the plains of Pharsa- 
lia, w T as baneful to his country, 
destructive to the common- 
wealth, pernicious to the Ro- 
man name, fatal to the city, 
and dismal to human kind. 

Fortune is always kind to 
you my trade is profitable to 
me ; the stars are beneficial to 
mariners : we shall loose from 
the harbour to morrow ; may it 
be lucky, fortun-ate, and happy 
for us all. 

2. My colleague is delightful 
to his friends, agreeable to his 
companions, acceptable to all, 
and unpleasant to no body ; 
without him, and without the 
study of letters, life itself would 
be tasteless to me. 

Dew on the tender grass is 
agreeable to cattle, and sleep is 
sweet to a traveller ; a burden is 
irksome jo a sluggish ass, and 



Malva sum saluber 
corpus, utilis ceger, et 
pest if er nemo ; sed quid- 
am medicametitum sum 
inutilis medicus ipse,per- 
niciosics vaietudo, et ex- 
itiosus cegrotus. 

Victoria, qui Ccesar adi~ 
piscor in campus Pharsa- 
lia, sum calamitosus pat- 
ria, damnosus respublica f 
exiiiabilis Romanus no- 
men, funestus urbs, et 
dirus humanus genus. 

Fortuna semper sum 
benignus tu ; meus ar? 
sumfructuosus ego ; siella 
sum cummodus nauta ; 
solvo e portus eras ; qui 
bonus faustus, felixque 
sum ego omnis. 

Meus collega sum ju* 
cundus amicus, acceptvs 
comes, gratiosus omnis, et 
injucundus nemo ; sine is, 
et sine studium literal, 
vita ipse forem insuavis 
ego. 

Ros in tener gramen 
sum gratus p ecus, et som- 
nus sum dulcis viator ;- 
mats sum ingratus piger 



AN INTRODUCTION 



labour troublesome to a lazy 
person ; an unripe grape is 
sour to the taste ; and wind is 
a sad thing for trees. 

3. Be thou just to all, kind to 
all, intimate with tew, fawning 
to none, true to your lord, faith- 
ful to your master, gentle to 
your petitioner, merciful to en- 
emies, and unjust to nobody : 
thus you will be dear to all, 
and hated by none. 

Nero at first was friendly to 
good men, and addicted to the 
study of the muses ; but the lat- 
ter part of his life was contrary 
to the former; for now he was 
harsh to, and angry with those 
who advised him, spiteful and 
enraged against mankind, an 
enemy to all, hated by the gods, 
and many things were cross to 
him. 

4. The arguments concern- 
ing the former pyramids appear 
dark to some, doubtful to others, 
and clear to few ; but the three 
remaining pyramids, being sit- 
uate on a hill, are visible to 
sailors and known to all. 

5. In Africa the places which 
are- next to our sea,_ nigh to 
Carthage, or near to Maurita- 
nia, are very fertile ; but the 
places bordering on Numidia, 
and near to the scorching heats 
.are more barren. 

6. Decency is adapted to the 
nature of things ; thus, some 
colours are proper for mourn- 
ing, and others quite improper 
for this purpose ; the morning 



asinus, et labor molesUts 
ignavus ; immaturus uva 
sum acerbus gustus, et 
ventus sum tristis arbo>\ 

Sum tu equus omnis, 
beneuolus cmictus,famil- 
iaris pauci, blandus nul- 
lus< fidm dorain usjidelis 
herus, lenisprccans, mitis 
hostis, et iniquus, nemo : 
sic sum cams oinnis, et 
odiosus nullus. 

Nero prima sum ami- 
cus bonus, et deditus stu- 
diummusa ; sed posterior 
pars vita sum contrarius 
prior; nam jam sumasper 
et iratus monitor, infestus 
ac insensus humanus genus 
inimicus omnis, invisus 
deus, et multus sum ad~ 
versus Me. 

Argununtum d& prior 
pyramis video obscurus 
quidam, dubius alius , et 
perspicuus pauci; at tres 
reliquus pyramis, situs in 
mons, sum conspicuus na- 
vigans, et notus omnis. 

In Africa locus qui sum 
proximus noster mare, 
proquinquus Carthago , 
ant vicinus Mauritania, 
sumferax, sed locus Jin- 
itimus Numidia, et pro- 
pior ardor, sum magis 
sterilis. 

Decor sum accommoda-* 
tus natura res : sic, quU 
dam color sum conveniens 
Indus, et alius prorsus in- 
eptusy hie rev ; aurora sum 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



5S 



is friendly to the muses, and fit 
for study ; a town situate on the 
shore is convenient for tracts, 
but without walls it will be 
exposed to enemies. 

7. Nothing is difficult or hard 
to a brave man ; to him no place 
is dangerous, no battle terrible, 
no sea unpassable : all hard- 
ships are easy and light to such 
a man ; yet his mind is always 
disposed to peace, but ready and 
prepared for war. 



8. The poet married a wife 
equal in age, and every way a 
match for him ; she was like her 
mother, her lips rivalled the ro- 
ses and as a matron is diverse 
and different from a strumpet, 
so she was unlike her sister : 
but there is a fault different from 
this fault ; her spirit was unsuit- 
able and unequal to her fortune ; 
sometimes she was inconsistent 
with herself ; now she is dead ; 
death is common to every age. 

9 and 10. Heaven, is allied to 
earth, nature is always consist- 
ent with itself, and men's for- 
tune is agreeable to their man- 
ners ; thus, the savage people 
bordering on Ethiopia, are sub- 
ject to sad slavery, exposed to 
many hardships ; and yet, if you 
consider their strength, they 
are inferior to none of the neigh- 
bouring nations. 

Note' 2.. A good m arris affec- 
tionate towards his parents, be- 
neficient to his relations, bene- 
volent to his friends.- grateful 

E 2 



arnicas musa, et aptusstu- 
dium ; urlrs oppositus lit- 
ius sum idoneus commer- 
cium, sed sine murus sum 
opportunus kostis. 

Nihil sum difficilis aui 
arduus fortis vir ; is mil- 
lus locus sum periculosus 9 
- nullus pr odium gravis y 
nullus mare invius ; om- 
nis labor siimfacilis et te- 
rns* talis vir j tamcn ani- 
mus sum semper promts 
pax, sed promptus et pa~ 
rains bellum\ 

Poeta duco uxor ozqucz- 
viis, et omhimodo par sui ' ; 
sum similis mater, labrum 
sum cumulus rosa ; et, ut 
matronasum dispar atqiw 
discolor meretrix, ita sum 
dissimilis soror ; sed sum 
vitium diversus hie viti- 
um; animus sum alienus et 
impdr for tuna ; nonnun- 
quam sum discoid sui; 
nunc mvrtuussum ; mors 
sum communis omnis ceta%. 

Ccelum sum cognatus 
tellus, natura semper sum 
eoncorssuiyet homo for- 
tuna ' sum consentaneus 
ffios ; ■ sic ferus natio con- 
finis JEthiopia sum sub- 
jectus tristiis servitium, 
obnoxius multus injuria ; 
et iamen, si specto vires 
sum secundus nullus fini- 
timus gens. 

Bonus vir sum plus in 
parens, beneficus- in pro^ 
pinquus, boievolns erga, 
amicus* grains adversw 



5* 



AN INTRODUCTION 



o his well-wishers, well affect- 
ed towards good-men, kind to 
all, injurious to none, harsh to 
no body, and not cruel or severe 
to an enemy. 

Note 3. This fellow is good 
for nothing, but his? brother is 
good for many things ; his 
shoes are tight and meet fur 
his feet, his clothes are light 
and convenient for running, and 
the ground is proper for that 
purpose. 

Note 4, The general is slow 
to punishment, swift to rewards, 
bent on war; his son too is 
alert for battle, and not back- 
ward to danger ; but h's mind 
is prone to cruelty, inclined to 
vice, and disposed to any wick- 
edness. 



17. Death, whose path must 
jynce be trod by all, is terrible 

o the wicked, with whose life, 
all good things are extinguish- 
ed ; but desirable to good men, 
whose praise cannot die, and 
whose minds are conscious to 
themselves of integrity. Let 
us therefore imitate the life of 
ccou men, who are born for 
glory, though they be often des- 
pised by the wicked. 

H Libert j is equally desirable 
to the good and to the bad, to 
the brave and to the dastardly-; 
wherefore Appujeius did not 
cease to maintain the laws of 
the Gracchi, so much spirit 
did filuiius inspire, who had 



fautor, bene animalus in 
bonus, lenignus erga om- 
nis, injuriosus in millus, 
acerbus in nemo, % aequo 
crudelis aut scevus in Iws- 
tis. 

Hie homo sum utilis ad 
nullus res, sedf rater sum 
idoneus ad multus res ; 
calceus sum halilis et ap- 
ius ad pes, vestis sum le- 
xis et commodus ad cur- 
sus, et laevs sum opportu- 
nity ad is res. 

Dux sum piger ad pcu- 
na, velox ad proemium, 
promptus ad helium ; fl- 
ius quoque sum celer in 
pugna, et hand ignavus 
ad periculum ; sed ani- 
mus sum praceps in cru- 
delitas, propensus ad ti* 
tium, et paraius adomnis 
nefas. 

Mors, qui via sum se- 
mel calcandus omnis, sum 
terribilis malus, cum qui 
vita oynms bonus extin- 
guo ; sed optaMlis bonus , 
qui laus non possum emo- 
rior, et qui mens sum 
conscius sui rectum. Im- 
itor igitur vita bonus, 
qui sum natus gloria, li- 
cet soepe sum despectu# 
malus, 

Libertas sum cequt op- 
tabilis bonus et mains, 
strenuus et ignavus ; ita- 
que Appuleius non desisio 
asscro Gracchianus lex i 
tanium animus Marius 
do* qui semger 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



55 



been always an enemy to the 
nobility. But Tiberius refused 
the title of father of his coun- 
try, lest afterwards he should 
be found unequal to so great an 
honour. 

Subrius the tribune being 
asked by Nero, why he had 
not discovered the conspiracy ; 
replied, because I hated you ? 
nor was any of the soldiers, 
quoth he, more faithful to you, 
than I, whilst you deserved to 
be loved; I began to hate you, 
after you became a murderer 
of your mother, and of your 
wife, a charioteer, a comedian, 
and an incendiary. 

The Romans were now so 
powerful, that they were a 
match for any of the foreign 
nations ; wherefore the consul 
provides forces, arms, and oth- 
er things necessary for the war, 
very industriously ; nor was the 
event of the war any other, than 
the preparation had been ; 
wherefore Antioehus was routed 
and forced to fly into Asia. 

Nor was fortune more fa- 
vourable to the flying Gauls ; 
but continual showers, frost and 
snow, fatigue and famine, con- 
sumed the miserable remains of 
this unhappy war. The people 
and nations too, through which 
they marched, followed the scat- 
tered Gauls, and slaughtered 
vast numbers of them. 

After the death of the king, 
the Alexandrians sent ambassa- 
dors to the Romans, intreating, 



micus nobilitas. At Tiberi- 
us recuse appellatio pater 
patria, ne postea invenw 
impair tantus honor. 



Subrius tribunus inter ro- 
gatus a Nero, cur nonpar 
tefacio conjuratio ? respon* 
deo, Quia o dit u ; nee quis- 
quam miles , inquam, sum 
fidelis tu quam ego, dum 
mereo amo ; ccepi odi,post- 
quam ex is to parricida ma- 
ter et uxor, auriga, hist* 
rio, et incendiarus. 



Romanusjam sum adea 
validus, ut sum par quili- 
bei extemus gens ; Itaquz 
consul paro copice, armcij 
et alius neces sarins bellum 
diligenter; nee eventus bel- 
lum sum ; alius quam ap- 
paratus sum ; quare Antio- 
ehus fu go, et cogofugia 
in Asia. 

Necfortuna sum benig- 
nus fugiens G alius ; sed 
assiduus imber, gelu et 
nix, lassitudo et fames 9 
Obtero miser reliquice hie 
infelix bellum. Gens quo- 
que et natio per qui habeo 
iter, sector palans Gallus, 
et occido ma gnus is nu^ 
merus* 

Post mors rex Alexan- 
drinus mitto legatus ad 
Romctnus, or cms, uf mi* 



Si} 



AN INTRODUCTION 



that they would undertake the 
guardianship of the child, and 
defend the kingdom of Egypt, 
which they said Philip and An- 
tiochus had divided betwixt 
them This embassy was very 
acceptable to the Romans. 

Ptolemy was as ridiculous to 
the Romans as he was cruel to 
his own subjects. His counte- 
nance was deformed, his statue 
short, his belly hanging out, 
that he was more like a beast 
than a man. He sent for his 
son from Cyrene, and slew him, 
lest the Alexandrines should 
make him king. 

After Alexander had dismis- 
sed his soldiers, being now near 
his death, he asked his friends 
standing about him, whether 
they thought that they could find 
a king like him ? They all held 
their tongues. Then he said 
he knew not that, but that 
he foresaw how much blood 
Macedonia would shed in that 
contest. 

Nor did the friends of Alex- 
ander without reason expect his 
kingdom, for they were men 
6( such valour and dignity, that 
you would have thought every 
one of them kings. Never 
would they have found any e- 
qual to themselves, if they had 
not clashed among themselves; 
and Macedonia, Would have had 
many Alexanders, instead of 
one had not fortune armed 
them for their mutual destruc- 
tion. 



cipio tutelapupillus, et tu- 
tor regnum JEgypius, qui 
dico Philippus et Antivehus 
divido inter sui. Hie lego- 
tio sum gratus Romanus* 



Ptolemceus sum tarn rz- 
diculus Romanusj quam 
sum cruentus civis situs. 
Vultus sum deformiSj sta- 
tura breviSy venter promi- 
nulus ut sum similis beU 
lua quam homo, slrcesso 
filius a Cyreuce, et inter- 
Jicio Me, ne Alcxandrinus 
creo rex. 

Postquam Alexander 
dimitto miles, jam proxi- 
mus mors, percontor ami- 
cus circumstans, num ex- 
ist imo sui possum invenio 
rex similis sui ? Cunctus 
taceo. Turn dico sui nes- 
cio is, sed, sui prospicio 
quantum sanguis Macedo- 
nia f undo in is certamen. 

Nee amicus Alexander 
frusira regnum specto, 
nam sum vir is 6 virtus ac 
6 veneratio, ut singuli is 
rex puto. Nunquam sui 
par reperiOj si non inter 
sui concurro ; multusqite 
Macedonia, pro unus, A- 
lexande rhabeo, n is ifortu - 
na is in mutuus pernieies 
armoo 






Ta LATIN SYNTAX. 



&l 



AUicus is said to have been complaisant to strangers, agreeable to 
his friends, just to all, and troublesome to none. He so demeaned 
himself, that he seemed on a level with the lowest, yet equal to the 
greatest, and was deservedly very dear to the Athenians. Praise is 
grateful to human nature. 

The heart of the envious man is gall and bitterness, his tongue 
spitteth venom, the success of his neighbour breaketh his rest, he 
sitteth in his cell repining ; hatred and malice prey upon his heart, 
and there is no rest in him. He feeleth in his own breast no love of 
goodness, and therefore believeth his neighbour is like unto himself, 

The hand of the generous man is like the clouds of heaven, which 
drop upon the earth, fruits, herbage, and flowers ; but the heart of 
the ungrateful is like a desert of sand, which swalloweth the showers 
that fall, burieth them in its bosom, and produceth nothing. 

A wise man considers that nothing is to be desired by him but 
what is laudable and excellent. Let us imitate the wise, and always 
live so as to think that an accouut must be given by us. 



RULE IF. 



REG. IV. 

DJECTIVA 



* 18 * A V JI ? c T IVE s A 

X_gLsignifying 4i» r% dimensionem 



mention govern the accu- significantia 
sative of measure, accusativum 



regunt 



rce. 



The stones of Solomon's tern- L&pides Solomonis templi 
pie were forty cubits long, erant quadraginta cubi- 
twelve cubits broad, and eight tos longi, duodecim cu- 
eubits high, bitos lati, et octo cubitos 

alii. 



The adjectives of DIMENSION are ? alius, crassus. ? 
tfeyisus, latus, longus, profundus. 

The names of MEASURE, are, digitus, palimis, pes r 
cubitus, ulna, passus, stadium, milli<ire* 

Note I. Verbs of DIMENSION 3 such as, pateo, cresco, fyc. govern, 
also an accusative of MEASURE. 

JYote 2. The word of MEASURE is sometimes put in the abla- 
tive ; as, Liv. Fossa sex cubitis alta. Per. Venter ejus exiat sesquU 
pede; and sometimes, but rarely, in the genitive; as, Plin.JYee Ion- 
giores duodenum pedum. 

ftoie 3. The weasure of excess, or the word denoting bow much 



a 8 



AN INTRODUCTION 



©ne thing exceeds or eomes short of another, is always put in the 
ablative. 

JYote 4. To the measure of excess, may be referred these ablatives, 
Panto, quanto, quo, eo, hoc, aliquanto, nmlto, parvo, nihilo, fyc. which 
are frequently joined in this sense with the comparative degree, or 
sometimes with the superlatives, or with a verb importing comparison, 

J\"oie 5. These adjectives do not govern the accusative of them- 
selves, the preposition ad or in being understood, or sometimes ex- 
pressed '■; as, Piin. Longa folia habet fere ad tres digitos. Colum. 
Sulcum in quatuor pedes longum, in trcs altum. When they take the 
ablative, a, ab, tenus, or in, may be supplied ; and when they take 
the genitive, ad mensuram, vel spallum, may be understood. 



The walls of Babylon were 
two hundred feet high, and 
fifty broad. 

This wall is five feet six in- 
ches high, and three hundred 
cubits long ; and these trees 
are twenty [eet long, and two 
£eet round. 

In this climate, about the day 
of the equinox, a gnomon seven 
feet high, casts a shadow not 
above four feet long. 

Note 1. Tell in what country 
the expanse of heaven does not 
extend above three ells, and 
thou shalt be the great Apollo. 

Othos and Ephialtes are said 
to have been of a wonderful 
bigness, every month they grew 
nine inches, at length they en- 
deavoured to climb up into hea- 
ven. 

Note 3. The wall is six feet 
higher than the rock, and the 
turrets are ten feet higher than 
the walL 

I am two (eet taller than you, 
and you are a foot and a half 
taller than my brother. 



Murus Babylon sum 
duceni pes alius, et qvin- 
quageni latus. 

Hie maceria sum quin* 
que pes sex digitus alius , 
et trecenti cubitus lo?igus ; 
et hie arbor sum viginti 
peslongus,et duo pes eras- 
sus- 

In hie tractus, circa 
dies atquinoctiurn, gnomon 
septem pes altus, redda 
umbra non amplius qua- 
tuor pes longus. 

Dico qui in terra spa* 
ttum ccetumnonpateo am* 
plius tres ulna, et sum 
magnus Jlpollo. 

Othos et Ephialtes dico 
sum mirus magnitudo, 
persinguli mensis cresco 
novem digitus, tandem 
conor ascendo in caelum, 

Murus sum sex pes at* 
tior quam rupes, et turris 
sum demipes altior quam 
fnurus. 

Ego sum duo pes 
longior quam tu 9 et tit 
sum sesquipes longior 
quam meus fratcr. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



bd 



The sun is many times big- 
ger than the earth, and the 
earth is many times bigger than 
the moon. 

Note 4. By how much the 
greater the battle was, by so 
muchTnore famous was the vic- 
tory of Conon ; the Lacedemo- 
nians being conquered, take to 
flight. 

The disease of the covetous 
man is scarcely curable ; for the 
more he has, the more he de- 
sires. 

It is much more laborious to 
conquer one's self than an ene- 
my ; but the more difficult any 
thing is, the more honourable 
h is 

This condition was so much 
the more grievous to them, by 
how much it was the later § for 
formerly they bad quelled, in 
the Delphic war, the fury of 
the Gauls, terrible bothio Asia 
and Italy. 

IT The exploits of the Athe- 
nians were great and glorious 
enough, but yet somewhat less 
than they are represented ; but 
because their writers were men 
of great parts and eloquence, 
the actions of the Athenians 
are celebrated through the whole 
world for the greatest. 

This garden is an hundred 
cubits long and sixty broad. 
Here are three beds, every one 
of which is three feet broad and 
five feet long ; but the middle 
bed which is one foot high, is 
fh-e mcrst pleasant : upon it I 



Sol sum multus pars 
major quam terra, et ter- 
ra sam multus pars ma- 
jor quam luna. 

Quantum major proe- 
lium sum, tantum clarior 
sum victoria Conon ; La- 
cedcemonius victus fuga 
capesso* 

Morbus avarus vix 
sum medicabilis ; nam 
quod plus habeo, id plus 
cupio. 

Sum multum operosi&i 4 
supero sui ipse quam hos- 
tis ; sed quod quid sum 
difficilior, hoc prceclarior 
sum* 

Hie conditio sum tan- 
tum amarior is, quantum 
sum serior ; nam antea 
frango, in Delphicus hel- 
ium, violentia Gallus, 
ternbilis et Asia et Italia, 

Res gestus Atheniensis 
sum satis amplus et mag- 
nificus, verum tamen ali- 
quantum minor quamfe- 
ro i sed quia auctor sum 
homo ma-gnus 6 ingenium 
et 6 facundia, factum A- 
theniensis cdebro per to- 
tus orbis pro maxbnxts. 

Hie hortus sum centum 
cubitus longus etsexagin- 
ta latus. Hie sum tres area 
qui singuli sum tres pes la* 
tus et quinquepes longus „• 
sed medius area, qui sum 
units pes altus. sum amo>r 



«0 AN INTRODUCTION 

often sit and read the old poets Mai : super is e&pe sedec 
with great pleasure. et lego vetus poeta mag- 

mis cum voluptas. 

The ark in which Noah, his wife ; his three sons, with their wives, 
and a few animals of every species, were saved, is recorded hy Mo- 
ses, the sacred historian, to have been 300 cubits long, 50 broad, 
and 30 cubits high. 

The grotto, in the island of Antiparos, is a cavern 120 yards wide. 
113 long, and about 60 yards high, and the descent to it is 480 yards 
deep. 

There are about 400 famous pyramids in Egypt, three of which 
are great ones, the rest are smaller. The largest of the three great 
pyramids is 512 feet high, and 1028 feet broad at bottom. The se- 
cond pyramid is 342 feet high, and its broadest side at the bottom 
G2-2 feet long. 

A great fortune in the hands of a fool is a great misfortune. The 
more riches a fool has, the greater fool he is. 



RULE V. REG. V. 

19. nnHEcompara* g^iOMPJR^ 

1 tive degree %^J TIVUS regit 

governs the ablative, abiativam, qui resol- 

which is resolved by quam. vitur per quam. 

Nothing is sweeter than liberty. Nihil est dulcius libertate. 

Resolved thus : Nihil est dulcius quam libe rtas. 

NoteX. The positive with the adverb magis sometimes governs 
rue ablative : as, Virg. O luce magis dilecia sorori. Ovid. Puraque 
mitgis pelucida gemma. 

JYote 2. The comparative takes often the following or like abla- 
tives ; opinione^ spe cequo,justo, solito, dido. ^c. as, opinione major, 
epe amplior, flagraniior cequo, tristior solito, fyc 

JS"ote'3. JVihil with the comparative) is elegantly put for nemo or 
nullus : as, JVihil Virgilio doctius ; None more learned than Virgil. 

JYote 4. Quzm after plus, amplius, minus. As elegantly suppressed ; 
as, Ter. Quis quingenlos colaphos infregit milii. Virg. Modem non 
amplius, unam. Sep. Minus diebus triginia in Asiam reversus. 

JS'ote 5. To the comparative the words quam pro, are sometime? 
elegantly subjoined ; as, Curt. Ma jorum quam pro statu soman red- 
debant sylco?. 

A'oie 0. Comparatives, besides the ablative of comparison,, take 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



n 



naturally after them, a case which their positives govern ; as, Virg. 
Thymo mini dulcior Hyblaz. Senec. jYiki est dignius magno viro 
placabiliiate. 

JYote 7. The comparative does not govern the ablative ot itselt, the 
preposition proz being understood, or sometimes expressed ; as, 
Apul. Unusprce coztcris fortior exsurgit. 



*20, 



T 



RULE VI. 
IHESE adjec- 
tives, dignus, 
indignus, contentus, pr&di- 
tus, captus, and fretus ; al- 
so, natus, satus, ortus, edi- 
tus, and the like, require 
the ablative. 
Worthy of praise. 
Content with little. 
Endued with virtue. 
Charmed with learning. 
Trusting to his strength. 
Born of a goddess. 
Descended of kings. 



REG. VI. 

DlGNUS,indig- 
nus, conten- 
tus, praeditus, cap- 
tus, et fretus; item 
natus, satus, orius, 
editus, et similia, 
ablativum petunt. 
Dignus laude. 
Contentus parvo. 
Prceditus virtute. i > 

Cap tit s doctrina. 
Fretus viribus. 
Natus dea. 
Ortus re gibus. 



JYote 1. Like adjectives are such as. generatus- crtaius, prcgn&lu?, 
procreatus, cretus, oriundus. 

JYote 2. Dignus, indignus, contentus, take sometimes the genitive ; 
as, Sil. Proles digna Deum. Virg. Indignus avorum. Liv. JYtc 
jam libertatis contentos. See captus and oriundus also governing the 
genitive, in No. 14, Note 2. 

Note 3. The ablative is not governed by the adjectives mentioned 
in this rule, but by some preposition understood : such as, a, ab, 
cum, in, e, ex, de. And the genitives in Note 2, are governed by some 
ablative understood 



19. The first epistle of Ho- 
race is sweefer than any honey. 

Nothing is sweeter to the 
mind than the light of truth. 

In civil broils, where there is 
need of action rather than de- 

F 



Primus epistola Hor ali- 
us sum dulcior quit is md. 

Nihil sum dulcior mens 
lux Veritas. 

In discordiu civilis, uhi 
opus sum factum magis 



62 



AN INTRODUCTION 



liberation, nothing is safer than quam consultum, nihil sum 
dispatch. iuiiorfestinatio. 

The country of Campania is Plaga Campania sum 
the finest of all : nothing is soft- pulcher omnis: nihil sum 
er than the air, nothing more mollior caelum, nihil ube- 
fruitful than the soil, nothing rior solum, nihil hosjrita- 
more hospitable than the sea. lior mare. 
-Amongst the Scythians no Apud Scytha nullus sce- 
crime is more heinous thau lus sum gravior fur turn ; 
theft ; they just as much des- periude aspenwr aurum 
pise gold and silver as other et argentum ac reliquus 
mortals covet them. mortal is a ppe to. 

A stroke follows heavier than 
all that had happened before 
through the violence of fire. 
Rome is divided into fourteen 
quarters, whereof three were 
levelled to the ground. 

20. The thing was worthy of 
a laurel, worthy of a chariot : rus, digitus currus ; sed 
but Caesar was now so great, Caesar jam tardus sum ,ut 
that he might despise triumphs, possum contemno trium- 

pkus. 
Nothing is more w f orthy of 
a great and brave man, than 
clemency, and readiness to be 
pacified. 

To be always repining and 
complaining, is unworthy of a 
man ; but he who is endued 
with virtue, and satisfied with 
his lot, is truly rich and truly 
great. 

Sylla, trusting to the strength 
of his party, returned from Asia ; 
whilst he staid at Athens he 

kept Pomponius with him, be- Pomponius suicum, cap- 
ing charmed with the politeness tus et humanitas et doc- 
and learning of the youth. trina adolescens. 

Ascanius, sprung from the Ascanius, editus anti- 
ancient Trojan race, was born <?««« Trojanus stirps, ?ia- 
of a noble family ; for his fa- &« sum nobilis gentes ; 
iher .Eneas was* descended of nam pater JEneas satus 



Clades sequor gravior 
omnis qui ante accido, 
per violentia ignis. Roma 
divido in quatuordecim 
regio, qui ires solum te- 
nus dejicio. 

Res sinn dignus lau- 



Nihil sum dignior mag- 
nus et prwclarus vir, de- 
mentia et plccabilitas. 

Semper murmur o et 
queror sum indignus ho- 
mo ; sed qui jyrczditus sum 
virtus, et contentus suns 
sors, sum vere dives et 
vere magnus. 

Sylla, fretus opis pars, 
redeo ex Asia ; dum apud 
Aihence morror, habeo 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



63 



Anchises and Venus, and Anchi- 
ses was descended of king As- 
saracus. 

If I be descended from a 
heavenly race, says Phaeton, 
give me a token of such a great 
descent. Your father's palace, 
replied his mother, is contigu- 
ous to our earth ; go, and in- 
quire of himself of what blood 
thou art sprung. 

IT After him Aurelian under- 
took the government, born in 
Dacia, a man powerful in war, 
yet of a violent temper* and 
somewhat too inclinable to cru- 
elty, who likewise most vali- 
antly beat the Goths. 

Caesar descended of the most 
noble and most ancient family 
of the Julii, not content with 
very many and very fortunate 
victories in Gaul r carried over 
his army into Britain. 

The Gauls boast that they 
are all descended of Pluto, and 
for that reason compute their 
reckonings of time, not from 
the number of days, but nights, 
and they so regulate their birth- 
days, and the beginnings of their 
months and years, that the day 
comes after the night. 

There were with Caesar two 
brothers, Roscillus and Agus, 
men of singular courage : these 
on account of their bravery, 
were not only in high esteem 
with Caesar, but were even ac- 
counted dear by the army ; but 



sum Anchises et Venus, 
et Anchises ortus sum rex 
Assaracus. 

Si sum creatus cvdestis 
stirps, inquam Phaeton, 
edo nota tantus genus. 
Paternus domus, respon- 
deo mater, sum contermi- 
nus noster terra ; gradior 
et scitor ab ipse, quis san- 
guis sum creius. 

Postis Aurdianus sus- 
cipio imperium, Dacia o- 
riundus, vir potens in hel- 
ium, tamen iinmodicus a- 
nimus et aliquant am pro- 
pensior ad crudeiitUs, qui- 
que strenuissime Got hi 
vinco. 

Ccesar, genitus nohih's 
et antiquus Julufamiiia, 
hand contmtus multus ac 
felix victoria in Gallia, 
trajicio exercitus in Bri- 
tannia. 

Gallia prcedico sui om- 
nis prognatus Dis, et ob 
is causa Jinio spatium tem- 
pus, non ex numerus dies, 
sed nox ; et sic observo 
dies natalis, et initium 
mensis et annus, ui dies 
subsequor nox. 

Sum apud Cce.sar duo 
/rater, Roscillus et Agus, 
homo singularis 6 virius ; 
hie, propter virius, sum 
non solum in honor apud 
Coesar, sed etiam hubeo 
cams apud exercitus ; sed 



H 



AN INTRODUCTION 



depending on Caesar's friend- fretus Ccesar amicitia, de- 

ship, they despised their com- spicio suus, 

rades. 

Cyrus after this victory, car- 
ried the war into Lydia, where 
he routs Croesus's army : Croe- 
sus himself is taken. By how 
much slighter this war was than 
the former, by so much the 
milder was the victory. Croe- 
sus obtains the city of Barce ; in 
which, though he did not lead 
a king's life, yet he led a life 
next to royal majesty. This 
clemency was no less useful to 
the conqueror than the conquer- 
ed. 

Sandrocottus, a man born of 
a mean family, was the asserter 
of their liberty ; but after his 
success, he turned the title of 
liberty into slavery. This man 
being ordered to be slain by 
Alexander, whom he had offen- 
ded, made his escape : after 
which fatigue, as he lay fast 

asleep, a lion of a huge bigness forma accedo ad dormi 
came up to him as he slept, and ens ; et detergo sudor 
wiped off the sweat. 

Duilius the admiral, not satis- 
fied with the triumph of one 
day, ordered during his whole 
life, when he returned from 
supper, torches (o be lighted up, 
and flutes to play before him, 
as if he would triumph every 
day. Thus, all mortals know 
the actions of those, who endu- 
ed with great power, pass their 
life in an exalted station. 

The Macedonian war was by 
so much the more famous than 



, 



Cyrus post hie victoria 
transfer o bellum in Lydia, 
ubi fundo Crcesiis exerci- 
tus ; Crcesiis ipse cctpio* 
Quantimilevior hie bellum 
sum pior, tantum initior 
sum victoria. Croesus 
impetro urhs Barce ; in 
qui, et si non dego regius 
vita, tame?i dego vita r 
proximus regius majes- 
tas. Hie clemantia non 
sum minus uiiiis victor 
quam v ictus. 

Sandrocottus, vtir natus 
humilis genus, sujji auctor 
libertas ; sed post victo- 
ria, verto titulus libertas 
in servitus. Hie vir Jus- 
tus interficio ab Alexan- 
der, qui offend o, aufugio ; 
ex quifatigatio, cumjacea 
captus somnus, leo ingens 



Duilhts imperaior, 71071 
contentus units dies tri- 
umphas, jubeo, per omnis 
vita, ubi redco a ccena, 
funale prceluceo, et tibia 
prccciuo, quasi quotidie 
triumpho. I to, cimcius 
morialis no sco factum is, 
qui, prcediius magnus im- 
perium, ago aitas in ex- 
cclsus. 

Bellum MAcedonicus sum 
tantum clarior Punicus 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



60 



the Carthaginian, by how much 
the Macedonians excelled the 
Carthaginians ; wherefore the 
Romans raised more legions 
than usual, and sent for aid 
from Masinissa, king of (he 
Numidians, and all their other 
allies. 

It was indeed a sort of prod- 
igy, that, out of -fifty children, 
not one was found, whom either 
paternal majesty, or the venera- 
tion of an old man, or the in- 
dulgence of a father, could re- 
claim from so gre*at a barbarity. 
Was a father's name, so con- 
temptible among so many sons ; 
But the cause of the parricide 
was more wicked than the par- 
ricide itself. 



quantum Mace do an tec e- 
do Pant*, quare Romanus 
conscribo legio plus soli- 
tus, et ace to auxilium a 
Masinissa rex JVumidce. 
coeierque omnis socius. 



Sum prorsus ostentum 
genus, ut, ex quinqua- 
sinta liberie nemo inve- 

o 

nio qui aut paiernus ma~ 
jestas, aut veneratio 
senexy aut indulgent ia 
pater, a t ant us iminani- 
tas revoco. Sumne jrn- 
ternus nomen adeo xilis 
apud totfilius ? Sed cau- 
sa parricidium mm scc- 
leratior ipse parricidium. 



The piety of a child is sweeter than incense, more delicions than 
odours, wafted by the gales, from a field of spices. 

Wisdom is more precious than rubies ; length of days is in her 
right hand, and in her left hand riches and honour. Her ways are 
ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. 

Vvhen Chiron, whose actions are worthy of honour, was handling 
the arrows of Hercules, one of them, that had been dipped in the 
poisonous blood of the Lernssan Hydra, fell upon his foot, and made 
a wound that was incurable, and pains that were intolerable, inso- 
much that he desired to die, but could not; because he was descend- 
ed of two immortal parents. 



RULE VII. 



REG. VII. 



21. A N adjective of A DJECTIVUM 

J\ plenty, want and /% copies, inopice. 

privation, governs the et privationis, regit 

genitive or ablative. genitivum vei ablaii- 

vum. 
F 2 






M AN INTRODUCTION 

Rich in horses. Dives equoritm* 

Rich in lands. Dives agris. 

Void of reason. Inops rationis. 

Wanting words. Inops verbis. 

Free from faults. Immunis delictorum. 

Free from vices. Immunis vitiis. 

To this rule belong, 

I. Adjectives of PLENTY ; such as, " abundans, best- 
tus, copiosus, dives, ferax, fertilis, foecundus, foetus, fre- 
quens, frugifer, gravis, gravidus, immodicus, largus. 
praelargus, locuples, mactus, nimius, oneratus, onustus, 
opulentus, plenus, refertus, differtus, satur, tentus, dis- 
tentus, tumidus, lurgidus, uber ;" to which add, " benig- 
nus, firm us, instructus, laetus, liberalis, munificus, para- 
tus, prodigus, prosper, satiatus, insatiatus, insatiabilis.'' 

II. Adjectives of WANT; such as, t( egenus, indigus, 
inops, jejunus, inanis, modicus, pauper, s4erilis, tenuis,, 
vacuus." 

III. Adjectives of PRIVATION; such as, " cassus, 
expers, exsors, dissors, exsul, extorris, exhaeres, immunis, 
irritus, mutilus, nudus, orbus, truncus, viduus." Of PAR- 
TICIPATION ; as, " condors, particeps." Of POWER 
and IMPOTENCE ; as, " compos, pollens, potens ; im- 
pos, impotens." To which add, " liber, solutus, impa- 
ratus, infirmus, parcus, purus." 

Of these, some govern. 

1. The genitive only ; as, u benignus-, exsors* impos, 
impotens, irritus, liberalis, munificus, praelargus." 

2. The ablative only ; as, " beatus, differtus, frugifer, 
mutilrs, tentus, distentus, tumidus, turgidus, paratus, im- 
paratus, instructus." 

3. The genitive more frequently ; as, compos, consors y 
particeps, egenus, discors, exsul, exhaeres, expers, fertilis, 
indigus, parcus, pauper, prodigus, sterilis, prosper, insatia- 
tus, insatiabilis." 

4. The ablative more* frequently ; as, " abundans, cassus, 
extorris, foetus, frequens, gravis, gravidus, jejunus. lihe/, 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 67" 

locuples, audus, oneratus, onustus, orbus, pollens, solutus 
truncus, viduus, laetus, firmus, infirmus, satiatus, tenuis/"' 
5. The genitive or ablative indifferently ; as, u copio- 
sus, dives, foecundus, ferax, immunis, inanis. inops, lar- 
gus, mactus, modicus, immodicus, nimius, opulentus, ple- 
nus, potens, refertus, satur, purus, vacuus,' uber." 

Ao/el. Neither the genitive nor the ablative, strictly speaking, 
depend upon the adjectives ; for the genitive is governed by the ab- 
lative re or negotio, understood; and these, and all other ablatives, 
fcy 171, a, ab, de, or ex. 

Note 2. Of the above adjectives, copiosus, firmus, paratus, impara- 
tus, inops, instructus, exlorris, orbis, pauper, tenuis, foecundus, modi- 
cus, parous, immunis, inanis, liber, nudus, solutus, vacuits, potens, ste- 
rilis, have frequently the preposition expressed ; as, Cic. Locus co- 
piosus afrumento. Id. Jib equitatu firmus. Id. fib omni re para- 
His. Id. Imparatus a pecunia. Id. Inops ab amicis. Id. Instructus a 
doctrina. Hor. Meo swn pauper in cere. Id. Tenuis in verbis seren- 
dis. Plin. Parous in victu, modicus in cullu. Veil- Liber a conspec- 
tu, immunis ab arbitris. Cic Messana ab his rebus vacua atque nu- 
da est. Id. Solutus a cupiditatibus liber a delictis. Quinct. In affecti- 
bus potentissimus. Ovid. Herb a potens ad op em. Liv. In res belli* 
cas potens. Apul. Civitas ab aquis sterilis. 

A'ote 3. Benignus, prosper, Icetus, gravis, and some others in a dif- 
ferent sense, govern the dative, by No. 16. 

Note 4. Some grammarians refer the adjectives gover nng the 
genitive only, to No. 14. And it would not have been repugnant to 
method and good order to have framed No. 20, so as to comprehend 
those which govern the ablative only. 

I. This island is rich in cat- Hie insula turn dives 

tie, well stored with goats, over- pecus, copiosus capra* a- 

flowing with milk, fertile in bundans lac, fertilisfru- 

grain, fruitful in corn, and a- ges, foecundus annona> et 

bounding in herbs. Its moun- ferax herba. Mons is 

tains are stored with bras* and sum uber ais et plumbum, 

lead, and covered with woods, etfrequens sylva. 

This man is blessed with Hie homo sum beatus 

wealth, and rich in money ; his 6 divitioR et opulentus pe- 

house is full of plate, replenish- cunia ; domus is sum pie- 

ed with precious things, and nus vas, satur pretiosus 

stuffed with jewels; his poc- res,et refertus 6 gemma ; 

kets are always loaded with sil- crumena sum semper c- 

ver, and stuffed with gold, nustus 6 argentum, et 

turgidus 6 auritm. 



63 



AN INTRODUCTION 



This soldier formerly was 
frank of his money, abounding 
in wealth, profuse of his gold, 
lavish of praise, proud of victo- 
ry, extravagant in his mirth, 
and too high spirited ; now he 
is loaded with years, cloyed 
with age, his wife is big with a 
boy. 

These fields are rich in grain, 
fertile in corn, fruitful in vic- 
tual, gay with grain and flow- 
ers ; the cows and sheep are 
fat, their udders are strutted 
with milk. 

II. Your brother is moderate 
in his desire, but yet he is in 
want of every thing, in need of 
help, poor in silver and gold, 
weak in strength, destitute of 
friends, but free from guilt. 

No letter comes from you 
empty, or void of something 
useful, which I the rather ad- 
mire and commend, because 
this age is barren in virtues, and 
fruitful in vices. 

III. This gentleman is free 
of all vice, void of a fault, and 
clear of wickedness ; yet he is 
in want of help, being banished 
his country, forced from his 
city and home, disappointed of 
his hope, deprived of his pater- 
nal estate, and destitute of all 
his possessions. 

This young lady, deprived of 
her parents, and wanting a por- 
tion, was the sharer of my dan- 
gers, and shall be the partner of 



Hie miles olim, sum libe- 
ralispecunia, largus opis, 
p*odigus aurum, vulnifi- 
cus laus, tumidus 6 sue- 
cessus, immodicus Icetitia, 
et nimius animus ; nunc 
sum gravis 6 annus, sati- 
atus cecum, uxor sum gia- 
vidus 6 puer. 

Hie ager sum locuples 6 
fruges, f'jetm .6 f rumen- 
tum y frugifer 6 alimen- 
turn, Icetus fruges et jlos ; 
vacca et ovis sumpinguis, 
uber sum distentus 6 lac. 

Tuus f rater sum modi* 
cus votum, at tarn en sum 
egenus omnis res, indigus 
opis, pauper argentum 
et antrum, tenuis 6 vires % 
inops amicus, sed vacuus 
6 crimen. 

Nullus epistola venio a 
tujejunus, aut inanis ali- 
quis 6 res utilis, qui ego 
magismiror et laudo, quia 
hie seculum sum sterilis 
virtus, et fcecundus vi- 
tiwn. 

Hie vir sum immimis 
omnis 6 vitium, exsors 
culpa, et purus scelus ; 
tamen sum indigus opis, 
exsul j)atria, extorris 6 
urbs domusque, irritus 
spes, exheeres patemus 
bonum, et expers omnis G 
for tuna. 

Hie virgo, orbus 6 pa- 
rens, et cassus 6 dos, sum 
particeps mens pericu- 
lum, et sum consort reg- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



69 



my kingdom, her life has not 
been free of troubles, nor is her 
breast void of love. 

The governor of the city, 
which is destitute of a garrison, 
is a man endued with virtue, a- 
bounding in wealth, but sparing 
of his money, mighty in war, 
hut unable to restrain his pas- 
sion ; his mind, however, is gen- 
erally calm, free from fear, and 
disengaged from all care3. 

Some animals are destitute 
of feet ; but in Germany there 
'are wild beasts that are called 
alces, whose shape is .like that 
of goats, which have legs with- 
out joints, and they are void of 
horns. 

IT The victorious Regulus, a/i 
honest man, and of ancient mo- 
rals, lovely to all, though igno- 
rant of the liberal arts, after he 
had widely spread the terror of 
his name, and slain a great 
number of the Carthaginian 
youth, sent a fleet to Rome load- 
ed with abundance of spoil, and 
heavy with a triumph. 

Alexander, though full of dust 
and sweat, yet taken with the 
pleasantness of the river Oyd- 
nus, threw himself into the cold 
water ; then on a sudden, a 
numbness seized his nerves: yet 
afterwards he recovered his 
health, and took Persepolis, the 
metropolis of the Persian em- 
pire, a famous city, filled with 
the spoils of the world. 

Man, who is partaker of rea- 
son and speech, is more ejteel* 



num, vita non sum vacuus 
6 molestia, nee pectus sum 
viduus 6 amor. 

Prcefectus urbs, qui sum 
nudus 4 presidium, sum 
vir compos virtus, pol- 
lens 6 opis, sed parcits 
pecunia, pot ens 6 helium , 
sed impotens ira ; animus 
tanun sum fere tranquil- 
lus, liber 6 terror, et so I ic- 
tus omnis cur a. 

Quidami animal sum 
truncus pes ; sed in Ger- 
mania sum bellua qui ap- 
pello alx, quijigura sum 
consimilis capra, qui ha- 
beo ants sine nodus, sum- 
que mutilus 6 cornu. 

Victor Regulus, probus 
vir et vetus mos, amabilis 
cunctus, quamvis eocpers 
liberalis ars, quum late 
circumfero terror smis 
nomen, et ccedo magnus 
vis juventus Punicus, ad 
Roma mitto classis onus- 
tus ingens 6 pr&da, et 
gravis 6 triwnphus. 

Alexander, etsi plenus 
pulvis ac sudor, t amen cap- 
tus amoenitasjlumen Cyd- 
nus, projicio sui in pra>- 
frigidus aqua ; turn re- 
pente rigor occupo nervus 
tamen postea recipio san- 
itas, et expugno Perse- 
polis caput Persicus reg~ 
num, urbs illustris refer- 
tus 6 spolium terra orbis. 

Homo, qui sum parti- 
ceps ratio et oratio, swrt 



AN INTRODUCTION 



lent than beasts, who are void 
of reason and spe€ch ; but the 
mind of man has got reason 
in vain, unless he is mindful of 
his duty, and do the things 
that are agreeable to reason and 
nature. 

The Egyptians boast that E- 
gypt was always so temperate, 
that neither the winter's cold, 
nor the heats of the summer 
sun did incommode its inhabi- 
tants ; that the soil is so fertile, 
that no country is more fruitful 
in food for the use of man. 

Alcibiades, the Athenian, 
born of a great family, in a 
very great city, was much the 
handsomest of the men of his 
time, fit for all things, anu\ a- 
bounding in sense : it is agreed 
amongst all, that nobody was 
more eminent than he, either 
in vices or in virtues. 

Historians say, that Cyrus, 
king of Persia, who conquered 
the greatest part of Asia, wa- 
ged war at last against the Scy- 
thians, whose queen was named 
Tomyris ; that his army was 
routed, he himself slain ; that 
his head was cut off, and thrown 
into a vessel, full of blood. 

Ail men hate those who are 
unmindful of a kindness, and all 
men love a mind grateful, and 
mindful of a good turn. Mu- 
tual benevolence is the great 
bond of human society ; and 
without it life itself is griev- 
ous, full of fear and anxiety, 
and void of all comfort and 



prestansfera, qui sum ex- 
pers ratio et oratio ; sed 
animus homo s or Hot ratio 
fnistra, ?iisi suvi memor 
officium suuSi et ago is 
qui sum consentaneus 
ratio et natura. 

JEgyptiiproe.dico JEgyp- 
tus sum semper ita tern- 
peratus, ut neque hibernus 
/rigor nee ardor atstivus 
sol premo is incola ; solum 
ita fcecundus, ut nullus 
terra sum ferax alimen- 
tum in us us homo. 

Alcibiades, Athenicnsis 
natus summits genus, in 
ampins civifaSf sum mul- 
tumformosus omnis suus 
oztas, aptus ad res omnis r 
plenusque consilium : 
co nsta t in ter o mn is, n ihil 
sum excellens ille, vtl in 
vitium vel in virtus. 

Auctor narroy Cyrus 
rex Persia,qui domo mag' 
nus pars Asia, gero bd- 
lum tandem contra Scytka, 
qui regina appello Tom- 
yris ; exercitus is delco, 
ipse occido ; caput is ab- 
scindo, et eonjicio in vas 
plenus sanguis. 

Omnis odi is qui sum 
immemor beneficium, et 
omnis amo animus grat us, 
et memor beneficium. Mu- 
tuus benevolentia sum 
ma&nus vinculum huma- 
nus societas ; et sine is vita 
ipse sum gravis, plenus 
timor et anxietas, et va~ 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 71 

pleasure. Let us therefore a- cuus omnis 6 solatium et 
void the crime of ingratitude vohiptas. Fugio igitur 
above all others. crimen in grains animus 

prce reliquus. 

If we lift up our eyes to the Heavens, the glory of God shineth 
forth ; if we cast them down upon the earth : it is full of his good- 
ness : The hiils and the vallies rejoice and sing ; fields, rivers, and 
woods resound his praise. 

Human life is never free from troubles ; all places are full of fraud, 
treachery and snares. 

The Roman soldiery made Veteranio emperor, who was a good 
man, and of ancient morals, bu + void of all the liberal arts. 

No man can be said to be great or powerful, who is not master of 
himself. 



II. The government of Verbs. II. Regimen Verborum. 

§ 1. Of personal Verbs. § 1. Personalium. 

RULE I. REG. I. 

*22. ^ UM, when it C< UM, quotiespos- 
^3 signifies pos- £3 sessionem, pro- 
session, property, part prietatem, munus aut 
or duty, governs the ge- officium, significat, re- 
nitive. git genitivum. 

This field is my father's, but Hie ager est putris,at po- 

the orchard belongs to my marium est avunculu 

uncle. 

It is the property of a fool to Insipientis est perseverare 

persist in an error. inerrore. 

It is the part of a poor man to Pauperis est numerate 

number his flock. pecus. s 

It is the duty of soldiers to Militum est pro patria 

fight for their country. pugnare. 

Note 1. Both in this and in the following rule, officium, munus, 
opus, negotium, res, proprium, or some other word to be gathered 
from the sense, is understood, and is sometimes expressed ; as, 
Cic, Principum munus est resistere levitaii rnvtiiiudinis. Sometimes 



72 



AN INTRODUCTION 



the preceding substantive is to be repeated ; as, Hie liber est [liber] 
fratris Hoc Pecus est [pecus] Meliban. 

Note 2. To this rule maybe referred the following and like ex- 
pressions. Virg. Grates persolvere dignas non opis est nostra. Cas. 
Est hoc Gallicce consuetudinis. Plin. Moris antiqui fuit. Cic. Quce res 
everlendaz reip. sole?U esse. Sail. Regium imperium, quod initio con- 
servandce liba'tati-s fuerai. Id. Quae postquam gloriosa modo, nequc 
belli pairandi agnovti, sup. esse. 



23. These nominatives, 
meum. futon, suum. ?ios- 
irurrii vestrum, are except- 
ed. 



Excipiiintur hi no- 
minativi, meum, tu- 
um, suum, nostrum, 
vestrum. 



It is my duty to confess. 
It is your duty to forgive* 



Meum estfateri. " 
Tuum est ignoscere. 



Note 1. The meaning of the rule is, that instead of the primitive 
pronouns, mei, tui, sui, nostri, vestri, in the genitive, we must use 
their possessives, meum, tuum, suum, nostrum, vestrum, in the nomi- 
native case, and in the neuter gender. 

Nott 2. POSSESSIVE noun3, such as, regius, humanus, belluimu, 
Romanus, $,-c. admit of the like construction ; as, Cic. Hoc quam 
regium sit, quern prccterit? Ter. Humanum est errare. Proverb. 
Belluinum est ventri servire. Liv. Et agere et patifortia Romanum 
est. Ter. Hoc patrium est. Cic. Gladiatorium id quidam. 



RULE II. REG. II. 

* 24 - li/W ISERE0R "m/risEREOR, 

Y g miser esco, jy | miseresco, et 

and satago, govern the ge- satago, regunt geniti- 

nitive. vum. 



Take pity on your countrymen. Miserere civium tuonim. 

Take pity on the king. Miserescite regis. 

He has enough to do with his Satagit rerum suarum. 
own affairs. 

Note I. Several other verbs signifying an affection of the mind , 
govern sometimes the genitive, but chiefly with the poets as Cic. 
Pendeo < animi. Ter. Dtscrucior animi. Plaut. Fastidit mei. Hor. De- 



T® LATIN SYNTAX. 



73 



iXpitw laborum. Plaut Fullebar sermonis. Hor. Tavidit Cucronis. Virg. 
/>a/or malorum. Hor. Mstinelo irarun. Id. Desine querelarum. Virg. 
Desistere pugnoe. Hor. Regncmt populorum. Tac. Adipisceretur dom- 
inationis. Plaut. Leras laborum, ^c. But these and the like are 
much oftener otherwise construed, ris. some take the accusative, 
others the ablative, and that either with or without a preposition, <£r. 
Note 2. In assigning the reason of this rule, grammarians differ ; 
some take all such constructions to be Gi-ecisms, or imitations of 
the Greek : others consider them as eliptical Latin expressions, and 
pretend to supply them by some general word ; such as, negotio, re, 
tausa, nomine, or the like, with the preposition in, de or a Others 
again think, if they are to be supplied, that some particular word, 
suited to the sense of the expression, must be understood thus, Mise- 
rere civiunu sc. miseria. Discrucior ardmi, sc. dolore Regnatit popu- 
lorum, se. in ecetu. Levas laborum, sc. outre, <|-c. 



RULE. III. 



REG. HI. 



25.TT! ST taken for ha- 
j&_^ beo [to have] go- 
verns the dative of a per- person®, 



ST pro habeo 
J regit datimim 



son. 

Every one has their own way. 
We have many books. 
Don't you know that kings have 
lon<* hands ? 



Suus cuique mos est. 
Sunt nobis midti libri. 
An nescis longas regibtts 
esse maims ? 



Vote. That /ore/ and suppeiit, as also suppedUat, when used in a 
neuter sense, are likewise often taken for habeo, and admit of the 
same construction. Mart. Si mihi causa ford. Hor. Cui rcrum 
suppetit usus. Tac. Publio neque animus in periculis, neque oratio 
supped it av it. 



RULE IF. 



26 



UM taken for af- 
fero [to bring] 
governs two datives, the 
one of a person, and the 
other of a thing. 

G 



REG. IV. 



S 



UM 



regit 



vos, unum 
alteram rei. 



pro aflferd 
duos dati- 



personcC) 



74 



AN INTRODUCTION 



The sea brings ruin upon mar- Mare est exitio nautis. 
iners. 

King Philip brought aid to the Philippus rex Romanis 

Romans. auxilio fuit. 

Every one minds his own plea- Curat est sua cuique in- 
sure, luptas. 

JVb/el. Other verbs soraeiimes govern two datives ; such as fo- 
rem, do, duco, habeo, tribuo, relinquo, verlo, venio, miilo, and some 
others. 

J^O'.e 2. To this rule may be referred such phrases of naming as 
these, Est mihi nomen Joaani. Just. P'olemccus, cui cognomento 
Pkihpatrifuit. Virg. Ascamus, cui nunc cognomen fulo addiiur. As 
also the following or like expressions, Esse cordi, usui, derisui,prcedcc, 
Iwiibrio, sc. alicui dicto audit/is esse. Habere cum, quastui, sc. sibi, 
Caiurt receptui, sc. militibus, fyc. 

Note 3. Instead of the dative of the THING, the nominative is 
sometimes used ; as, Virg. Idem amor txiiium pecori est, pecorisque 
magislro ; for exitio. 



22. The books which you 
see were my cousin's, but now 
they are my brother's. 

Caesar Augustus dwelt hard 
by the Forum, in a house that 
had belonged to Calvus the 
orator. 

Never was there a more 
bloody battle ; at last, however, 
the victory was the Lacedemo- 
nians. 

It is the property of a cow- 
ard to wish for death ; but it is 
the property of a great soul to 
despise an injury. 

It is the part of a foolish boy 
?olove play and neglect his stu- 
dies ; and it is the part of a 
good shepherd to shear his 
sheep, not to slay them. 

It is the duty of children to 
love and reverence their par- 
ents, and it is the duty of a 
scholar to honour his master. 

23. It is my part to teach and 



Liber qui video, sum 
consobrinus metis, sed 
nunc sum f rater. 

Ccesar Augustus habito 
juxta Forum, in domus 
qui sum Calvus orator. 

Nunquam sum cruen- 
tus prazlium ; ad postrem- 
urn, tauten, victoria sum 
hacedomonii. 

Sum timidus opio mors, 
sed sum magnus animus 
despicio injuria. 

Sum siu! 'us puer amo 
lusus, etnegligo studium, 
et sum bonus pastor ton- 
deo pecus, mm deglubo. 

Sum liber i amo et rcve- 
reor parens, et sum disci- 
pulus honoro magisier. 

Sum mens doceo et pra* 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



direct ; it is thy part to study 
hard, if thou desirest to be a 
scholar. 

It is our part to regulate your 
courage ; and it is your duty not 
to pry into the orders of your 
officers but submissively to 
obey. 

24. Look about, says Teilus, 
take pity on your own heaven ; 
the poles are smoking, which, if 
the fire shall destroy, your pa- 
laces will tumble down. 

Pity such great hardships ; 
take pity also on me, and be not 
troublesome ; I am busy in my 
own affairs. 

Xantippe, Socrates's wife, by 
day and by night was sufficient- 
ly employed in womanish quar- 
rels and brawlings. 

25. Caesar the dictator rival- 
led the greatest orators, and 
Augustus had a ready and flu- 
ent eloquence. 

Thou mayest rest with us up- 
on the green grass ; we have 
mellow apples ; soft chesnuts, 
and pleniy of curdled milk, 

26. Conon, when he heard 
that his country was invaded, 
did not enquire whether he 
might live saftly ; but from 
whence he might bring relief to 
his countrymen. 

The Joss, however, of the 
human race, was matter of 
grief to all the gods ; and they 
asked, what would be the ap- 
pearance of the earth destitute 
of mortals ? 



scribo ; sum iuus studeo 
diligenter, si volo sum 
doc f us. 

Sum noster rego Test- 
er virtus ; et vesier sum. 
non sciscitor imperium 
dux, scd modeste ptireo. 

Circumspicio , aio Tel- 
lus, misereor caelum vest- 
er ; poius fumo, qui si 
ignis viola , atrium vesier 
ruo. 

Misereor tantus I ah or ; 
miser e sco quo que ego, ac 
ne sum molestus ; sata- 
go res incus. 

Xantippe, Socrates 
uxor, per dies per que 
nox satago muliebris ira 
et moles tia. 

Ccesar dictator sum cu- 
mulus summits orator, et 
Augustus promptus ac 
profuens eloquentia. 

Tu possum requiesco 
cgocum super viridis 
from ; sum ego miiis po- 
inum, mollis castanea, et 
pressus copia lac. 

Conon, quum audio pa- 
tria obsideo, non queer o 
ubi ipse vivo tuto ; sed 
unde sum prcesidium civ is 
suits. 

Jactura, tamen. huma- 
nus genus, sum dolor om- 
nis superi ; et rogo, qui 
sum forma terra 6 mo <r ta- 
lis or bus ? 



76 



AN INTRODUCTION 



The vine is an ornament to 
the trees, grapes are an orna- 
ment to the vines, bulis to the 
flocks, and growing corn to the 
fertile fields. 

Note 1. Micipsa imagined 
that Juguriha would be an hon- 
our to his kingdom, and thought 
it a glory tp himself, that he 
was called the friend and ally 
of the Roman people. 

The complainprs charged it 
as a crime against Gallius, that 
he had provided poison ; and 
who is it that would not have 
imputed it to him as a fault. 

These gentlemen strut in 
state before your noses, and 
boast of their triumphs just as 
if they reckoned them an hon- 
our to them, and not rapine. 

The girl was left to this wo- 
man as a pledge for the money ; 
but it is charged upon you as 
laziness, that you write so (ew 
letters to your friends. 

Chabrias too was reckoned 
amongst the greatest generals, 
and performed many things 
worthy of memory, but of these 
his invention in the battle which 
he fought at Thebes, when he 
came to the relief of the Boeo- 
tians, is the most famous. 

*[ After this a battle is fought : 
the Macedonians rush upon the 
sword with contempt of an ene- 
my so often conquered by 
them : Alexander himself at- 
tempted the most dangerous 
things ; where he saw the ene- 
my thickest, there he always 



Vitis sum decus arbor, 
uva sum decus vitis, tau- 
7 us grex, et seges pith- 



Micipsa existimo Jur 
gurthaforem gloria reg- 
num suns, et dtico sui 
gloria, suivoco amicus et 
socius populus Romanics. 

Accusator do crimen 
Gallius. isparo venerium; 
et quis sum, qui non verto 
is vitium ? 

Hie vir incedo per os 
vester, et ostento suus 
triumphus, perinde quasi 
habeo is honor sui, ac non 
prceda. 

Adolescentula relinquo 
hie mulier arrhabo pro ar- 
gentum ; sed tribuo tu 
ignavia, quod scrilo tarn 
varus liter a ad amicus. 

Chabrias quoque habeo 
in summits dux, geroque 
mult us res dignus memo- 
via; sed ex hie inventuni 
is in prcdium qui apud 
Thebce facio, cum venio 
subsidium Bczotii, maxi- 
me elucco. 

Post hieprcelium commit- 
to : Macedo ruo mferrvm, 
cum contemptus hostis 
toties a sui victus : Alex- 
ander ipse aggrediorquis- 
que pericnlosus ; ubi con- 
spicio hostis confertus, eo. 
mi semper ingeri, voloque 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



thrust himself, and had a mind periculum sum sums, noil 
the dangers should be his own, miles. 
not his soldiers. 

Rashness is the property of Temerztas sum JZ or ens 
youth, prudence of old age; oetas,prudentia senectus ; 
and to love riches is the proper- et amo divitce sum par- 
Xy of a little and narrow soul, vus angustusque animus, 
as to despise them, in compari- ut contemno is, prce xir- 
scn of virtue, is the property of tus, sum magnus et sulli- 
a great and noble mind mis animus. 

Virginius begged that they Virginius or o at misc- 
would pity him and his daugh- reor sui etfilia, ne audio 
ter, that ihey would not hear- precis gens Claudius, sed 
ken to the entreaties of the precis Virginia co gnatus ; 
Claudian family, but to the en- et tribunus, qui creatus 
treaties of Virginians relations ; 
and the tribunes, who being 
created for the assistance of 
the commons, did implore their 
protection and aid. 

Part advised to call in Mith- 
ridates, king of Pontus, part 

Ptolemy, king of Egypt ; but Ptolemmis rex JEgypius, 
Mithridates was full of business sed Mithridates satago res 
of his own, and Ptolemy had al- suits, et Piolenmus sem- 
ways been an enenly to Syria ; per sumhostis Syria: ita 7 
wherefore all agreed upon Ti- que omnis consentio in Ti- 
granes, king of Armenia ; who granesrex Armenia: qui 
being sent for, held the king- accitus teneo regnum Sy- 
dom of Syria for eighteen years, ria per octodecim annus. 
The nation of the Catti have Gens Catti sum dums 
robust bodies, compact limbs, corpus* stricius artus, 
a stern countenance, great vig- minax vultus, magnus 
our of mind, a great deal of vigor animus, multinn 
sense and address ; they confide ratio acsolertia ; repono 
more in their general than in plus in dux quam in ex- 
their army : over the blood and ercitus : super sanguis et 
spoils of an enemy they uncover spolium hostis rexelofa- 
their face, and boast that they cies, et few sui suni ami 
are then worthy of their coun- dig mis patria et parens. 
try and their parents. 

Now I come to Cicero, who Nunc ad Cicero venie. 
G 2 



ad auxiliumplebs, implo- 
ro isjides et auxiiium. 



Pars suadeo arcesso Mi- 
thridafes rex Pontus, joars 



78 



AN INTRODUCTION 



had the same contest with his 
cotemporaries that I have with 
you, for they admired the an- 
cients, he preferred the elo- 
quence of his own times. 

The Macedonians bad per- 
petual wars with the Thracians 
and Illyrians : the latter despis- 
ed the infancy of the Macedo- 
nian king, and invaded the 
Macedonians ; who being beat, 
brought out their king and 
placed him behind their army 
in his cradle, and then renewed 
the dispute more briskly. 

As soon as Philip, king of 
Macedonia, entered upon the 
government, all people had 
great hopes of him, because of 
his parts, and because of the 
old oracles of Macedonia, which 
had given out that the state of 
Macedonia should be very flou- 
rishing under one of the sons of 
Amyntas. 

After this Alexander orders 
himself to be adored, not salut- 
ed. Callisthenes was the most 
violent among the recusants ; 
which thing brought ruin both 
on him, and on many great men 
of Macedonia ; for they were 
all put to death under pretence 
of a plot. 

He ordered Marcus Claudius 
She proconsul, to retain a suffi- 
cient garrison at Nola, and send 
away the rest of the soldiers, 
that they might not be a burden 
{o their allies, and charge to the 
government. 

C^sax Octavianus, Mark 



qui idem pugna sum cum 
cequalis situs, qui ego sum 
tucum ; file enimantiquus 
miror, ipse suus tempus 
eloquentia aniepono. 

Macedo sum assiduus 
helium cum Thraces et Il- 
ly) ii: posterior contem- 
no infanti a M acedonicus 
rex, et invado Macedo ; 
qui pulsus, prqfero rex 
situs, et pono pone acies 
in cuncn, et tunc repeto 
cert amen acriter. 

UtPhiUppus,rex Ma- 
cedonia, ingredior impe- 
rium. omnis sum magnus 
spes de Me, propter ipse 
ingenium, et propter ve- 
tusfatum Macedonia, qui 
cano status Macedonia 
sumflorens sub units Jil- 
ius Amyntas. 

D e in de A lexande r ju- 
heo sui adoro, non salu- 
tor. Collisthcnes sum 
acer inter recusans ; 
qui res sum exiiium et 
Me, et multus princeps 
M a ce do n ia ;siq u ide m om- 
nis intcrficio sub species 
insidice. 

Jubeo Marcus Claudi- 
' us proconsul, retineo ido- 
neus presidium ad Nola, 
et dimitto cater miles, ne 
sum onus socius y et sump- 
tus respublictt. 



C&sar Oetavianus 



»», 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



79 



Antony and Lepidus, divided 
the Roman empire among them- 
selves. Asia and Egypt were 
IVJark Anthony's ; he married 
Cleopatra, the most beautiful 
woman of her age, who, desir- 
ous of the empire of the world, 
stirred him up to make war a- 
gainst Caesar Octavianus, which 
brought destruction on them 
both." 



Marcus Antonius, et Lepi- 
dus, partior Rom anus im- 
perium inter suL Asia et 
JEgyptus sum Marcus 
Autonius ; duco Cleopa- 
tra, pulcher fcemina, se- 
culum suus, qui, cupidus 
imperium terra or bis, im- 
pello is gero helium con- 
tra Ccesar Octavianus,qiri 
sum pernicies liter que. 



It is the part of a wise man to look to the end of things. When 
therefore the fatherless call upon thee ; when the widows heart is 
sunk, and she imploreth thy assistance ; it is thy duty to pity her af- 
fliction, and relieve those who have no helper. 

Every thing is common among ants. An ant never works for 
herself, but for the whole society of which she is a member. Whereas 
Lees, of which so wonderful stories are told, have each of them a 
hole in their hives : their honey is their own, and every bee is 
wholly taken up about her own concerns 

Idleness is the parent of want and pain, but the labour of virtue 
bringeth forth pleasure. The hand of the diligent defeateth want ; 
prosperity and success are the industrious man's attendants. But the 
slothful man is a burden to himself; he loitereth about, and kuoweth 
not what he would do. 



RULE V. 



REG. V. 



27. A VERB signifying 'WJERBUM stg^ 

/•% advantage ordis- If nificans comrno- 

advantage governs the dura vel incommodum 

dative. regit dativum* 



I am not profitable to myself. 

Fortune favours the brave. 

Wise men command their pas- 
sions. 

Caesar threatened the eagle- 
bearer. 

Fools trust to dreams. 



Mihi minus projicio. 
Fo rtu n afav et fort ibus . 
Sapient es imp er ant cvpi- 

diiatibus suis, 
Aqmiifero Ccesar coiivmi- 

nalus est. 
Siulii tiduni somnis. 



80 AN INTRODUCTION 

The girl married her cousin- Consobrino suonupsit pit- 
german. ella. 

It is the part of a good man to Est boni viri saiisfacere 
satisfy his conscience. conscientiaz sace. 

I was present at the battle. Aderam pugncs. 

The last hand is put to the Accessit operi manus cat- 
work, trcrrta. 

Man 5 who is partaker of reason Homo, qui rationis parti- 
excels the brutes. ceps est, antecellit bes- 

tiis. , 

A boy takes pleasure to play Puergestit paribus collu- 
with his equals. dere. 

The sailors ply the oars. Naatce incumbunt remis. 

To this rule belong a great variety of verbs, mostly 
neuter, viz. 

I. Verbs of various significations, importing, 

1. To PROFIT or HURT; as, " proficio, placeo, 
commodo, prospicio, caveo, metuo, timeo, consulo," to 
provide for or against ; also, " noceo, officio, incommodo, 
displiceo, insidior." 

2. To FAVOUR, to HELP, and their contraries : as, 
u faveo, gratulor, gratificor, grator. ignosco, indulgeo, an- 
nuo, parco, studt o, adulor, plaudo, blandior, lenocinor, 
palpor, assentor, supplieo, supparasitor ; ?? also, " auxilior, 
adminiculor, subvenio, succurro, patrocinor. medeor, me- 
dicor, opitulor: also/ 4 derogo, detraho, invideo, iemulor." 

3. To COMMAND, OBEY, SERVE and RESIST; 
as " impero, pra^cipio, mando, moderor ;" to restrain ; also, 
* ; pareo, auscuHo, obedio, obsequor, obtempero, mcrigeror, 
obsecundo ;" also, ii famulor, servio, inservio, ministro, 
ancillor ;" also, (i repugno, obsto, reluctor, renitor, resis- 
to, reiragor, adversor ;" and with the poets, pugno, certo, 
belio, contendo, concurro, luctor. 

4. To THREATEN or to be ANGRY with ; as, " mi- 
nor, comminor, irnerminor, irasoor, succenseo." 

5. To TRUST ; as, " fido, con'ido, credo ;» also, dif- 
fido, despero. 

6. A great many other verbs that cannot be reduced to 
anv distinct head ; such as, li nubo, excello, haereo, ced}, 
operor, praestolor, praevaricor, recipio," to promise pepi- 
gi." " renuncio, responded, tempero, \ aco, convicior, 
aio, luceo* sapio, sordeo, donnio, &c." 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. ai. 

H. Verbs compounded with SATIS, BENE, and MALE ; 

as, u satisfacio, satisdo, benefacio, benedico, benevolo, 
malefacio, maledico." 

III. All the compounds of the verb SUM, except pos~ 
sum; as, " adsum, prosum, obsum, desum, insum, mter- 
sum, prossum, sepersum," <J*c. 

IV. A great many verbs, compounded with these nine 
PREPOSITIONS, " ad, ante, con, in, inter, ob, prae, sub, 
super." 

AD ; as, u accedo, accresco, accumbo, acquiesco, adno, 
adnato, adequito, adhaereo, adrepo, adsto, adstipulor, ad- 
roivor, affulgeo, allabor, allaboro, annuo, appareo, applau- 
do, appropinquo, arrideo, aspiro, assentior, assideo, assis- 
to, assuesco, assurgo." 

ANTE ; as, a antecello, anteeo, antesto, anteverto." 

CON ; as, " colludo, concino, consono, convivo." 

IN ; as, u incumbo, indormi©, inhio, ingemisco, inhae- 
reo, innascor, innitor, insideo, insto, insisto, insudo, insul- 
to, invigilo, illacrymo, illudo, immineo, immorior, immo- 
ror, impendeo." 

INTER ; as, " intervenio, intermico, intercedo, inter- 
cido, interjaceo." 

OB ; as, "obrepo, obluetor, obtrecto,obstrepo,obmurmu- 
ro, occumbo, occurro, occurso, obsto, obsisto, obvenio." 

PRiE ; as, u praecedo, praecurro, praeeo, prassideo, pra> 
luceo, praeniteo, praesto, praevaleo, praeverto." 

SUB ; as, " succedo, succumbo, sufficio, suffragor, sub- 
cresco, suboleo, subjaceo, subrepo, supplico." 

SUPER j as, " supervenio, supercurro, supersto." 

Note 1. Some few of these words ; such as, Jido, ro?iJido, innitcr 
cedo, vacoj instead of the dative, take sometimes the ablajive, as will 
be taught No. 30. 

Note 2. The verbs jubeo* offtndo, lado, andjuvo, though reducible 
to some of the above classes, do not govern the dative, but the accu- 
sative ; as. Luc. Siltntia jussit. Hor. Cur ego amicwji offeadam in 
migis? Cic. Neminem Icesit. Ovid. Juvit facundia causam. 

Note 3. Verbs of LOCAL MOTION ; such as ? to, vado, curro, 
prcpero, festino, pergo, fugio, fyc. and verbs denoting tendency to 
MOTION ; such as, tendo. vcrgo. specto. pertineo. $*c. instead of the 
dative, take the accusative, with the preposition ad or in, 

Note 4. A great many of the verbs belonging to this rule admit of 
other constructions: as, Plaut. Parcere pecuniam. Id Aiiscultare ali- 
q\iem. Cic. Desperart rempublicam. Caes. Ad haze respondit. Cic. 
Adesse in pugna. Sail. Accedere adurbem. Cic. Accedere in oppidum, 
Virg. Accedere domos infernets. SalL Anit ire omnes gloria. Id. Col- 



32 



AN INTRODUCTION 



fudere cum allquo. Plaut. Incumbers gUidium. Cic. In cumber -e ad ti a- 
dia, in stadium. Petron. Incumbers super prczdum. Pirn, tnterjacet 
duos syrlts. Cic. Obrcpere in animos, ad honores. Virg. Prrtsedtrc 
agnien. Sail. Succedere murum. Liv. Succedtre ad urOem, tiipug- 
nam. Virg. Snperslare aliquem, fyc. 



1. 1. It is the part of a wise 
man to please God, to do good 
to men, to take care of himself, 
to provide for his own safety, to 
be concerned for his friends, 
and study their interest, to do 
harm to none, to displease no- 
bod} 7 , neither to hurt the miser- 
able, nor lay snares for the in- 
nocent. 

2. A good man favours the 
good, a ;;d rejoiceth with them 
upon any happy event ; he is 
always disposed to spare the 
vanquished, and forgive what is 
past ; he neither entertains re- 
sentment, nor flatters any one ; 
he knows, that those who de- 
tract from good men, derogate 
from themselves ; he therefore 
envies nobody, but zealously 
imitates the most worthy. 

It is the property of a gene- 
rous man to assist the poor, to 
aid the needy s to succour the 
distressed , to heal their wounds, 
to patronise the orphans, to 
help his countrymen, to study 
their advantage, and to pray to 
God, that he would second his 
endeavours ; whilst the cove- 
tous man flatters and caresses 
the rich, and applauds himself 
when he looks at his money in 
his chest. 

3. God hath commanded us 
to rule our lusts, to govern our 



Sum sapiens placeo 
Dens, proficio homo, 
c r :veo mi, prospkid 
salw '<o ami- 

cus cl consulo iztilitas, 
officio mdlusjdispliceo 
nemo, neque noceo mi- 
ser, neque insidior in- 
nocuus. 

Bonus faneo bonus, 
ttgraiutoris de aliquis 
resfelix ; semper para- 
tus sum parco rictus, 
el ignosco pr&teritns ; 
neqv.e indulgeo irci, 
neque adulor quis- 
quam ; nosco is, qui 
delraho bonus derogo 
sui; ideo invideo nemo, 
sed ermirfor digitus* 

Sum generous an rili- 
or pauper, subvenio 
inops, succurro miser, 
medeor vuhtus, patro- 
cinor orbus 6 parens, 
opitulor civis, siudeo 
commodum, et suppli- 
co Deus, ut annuo au- 
sum ; dum a varus as- 
senior el blandior dives 
ei plaudo sui, cum content- 
plot nummus in area. 

Deus proBcipio ego ut 
impero cupiditas, moderor 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



83 



spirit, to listen to bis word, to 
obey his admonitions, to be 
subject to his laws, to be sub- 
missive to parents, to comply 
with their will, to serve and 
wait upon them, and obey their 
orders, and not to be a slave 
to passion. 

A Christian ought to oppose 
vicious pleasure, to struggle a- 
gainst and withstand the begin- 
nings of* anger, to resist evil, to 
oppose the corrupt practices of 
those who despise virtue and re- 
ligion, and not to be a slave to 
lust, nor humour wicked men. 

4. & 5. The L r eneral was an- 
gry and enraged at the soldiers ; 
he threatened the standard bear- 
ers, he threatened the runaways 
but as he durst not depend on 
the courage of his men, he re- 
solved to reireat, and trust to the 
night and the darkness. Though 
at first he did not believe the 
things that vrere said concern- 
ing the enemy, yet now In be- 
gan to p;ive up his affairs for 
lost, and despair of safety. 

6. I cannot restrain my tongue, 
says the gentleman to his com- 
panion, the sun shines on the 
wicked, and (e\v are wise for 
themselves. I bewail the mis- 
fortune of the unhappy young 
lady ; she excelled all the girls 
of the east, she was taken up 
with the liberal sciences, and 
was always intent upon philo- 
sophy. 

Many young me-n courted this 
girl, and presents sent by many 



animus, ausculto verbum is, 
pareo monitum, obedio Zea\ 
obiempero parens, obsec- 
undo voluntas if, famulor 
etministroille, etobsequor 
imperium, neque servio 
iracundia. 

Christianas debeo re- 
pugno vitiosusvnluptas^re- 
luctor et obsto principium 
ira,reristo malum, adver- 
ser pravus mos is qui con- 
ternno virtus et religio, ne- 
que inservio cupidiias, 
neque morigeror malus } 
homo. 

Dux succenseo et irascor 
miles ; minor signifer, 
comminor fugiens^ sed 
cum non onaieo confido 
virtus miles, staiuo recedo, 
et fido nox et tenet raz. 
Quamvis piimo non credo 
is qui narro de hostis, ta- 
men nunc caipi diffido res 
suus, et despero salus. 



JVon possum tempero 
lingua, alo vir comes, sol 
luceo sceleratui, et pauci 
saplo sui. Doleo casus 
infelix oirgo ; excello cm- 
nis puella oriens, operor 
liberalu studium, et sem- 
per vaco philosophia. 



Multus juvenis peto hie 
puella, et munus missus a 



AN INTRODUCTION 



lovers were disdained by her; 
at length, however, she yield* 
ed to the gentle command of 
her parents, and married a Ro- 
man knight ; but the event did 
not answer people's expecta- 
tion, he was a bad husband, and 
the poor creature has bid adiea 
to life ; my voice clings to my 
jaws ! 

II. An honest man endeavours 
to satisfy his creditors, and to 
act well for the commonwealth, 
which is a fine thing ; he en- 
deavours also to speak well of 
good men, to revile nobody, 
and to do an ill turn to none. 
God often blesses such a man, 
which he does when he gives 
him prosperity, enlarges his for- 
tune, and shows him favour. 

III. Parents often outlive their 
children 5 and as some men 
have a weakness of judgment, 
and others want prudence, an 
old man of this sort ought to be 
present at public deliberations, 
and have the charge of the thing 
to be done ; not that he may 
have it in his power to hurt any 
one, but that he may be able 
to do good to many ; and God 
semetimes favours such an un- 
dertaking. 

IV. Ad. The thing pleased 
me much ; for the young man 
had resolved to rest in your 
opinion, and adhere to virtue. 
Fortune, therefore, smiled up- 
on him, and favoured his first 
attempt.: and great courage was 



multus procus sordeo ille ; 
tandem, t&mcn, cedo fo- 
nts imperium parent et 
nubo Romanus eques ; sed 
res non respondeo homo 
opinio, sum durus mari- 
tus, et miser renuncio vi- 
ta ; vox faux hozreo ! 



Probus vir conor satis- 
facio creditor, et benefacio 
respublica, qui sum pul- 
eher ; conor quoque ben- 
edico bonus homo, male' 
dico memo, et malefacib 
nullus. Deus scepe bine- 
dice talis homo, qui facio 
cum do prosper, augeo 
bonum, faveoque. 

Parens scepe super sum 
liheri ; et ut quidam ho-> 
mo insum imbecillit as ju- 
dicium, et alius desum 
prude ntia } senex ejusmo- 
di debeo inter sum publi- 
cus consilium, et pr&sum 
res faciendus ; non ut 
possum obsum quivis, sed 
lit possum pro sum mul- 
tus ; et Deus nonnunquain 
adsum talis inceplum. 

Res arrideo ego valde / 
nam adolescens statuo ac- 
quitsco sententia tuus, et 
adhoerco virtus. Fortu- 
na, igitur y qffulgeo ille, et 
aspiro primus labor, et in- 
gens animus accido miles i 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



85 



added to his men, who rode up 
fo the very gates of the city. 

The enemy threw themselves 
into the river, and endeavoured 
to swim to land. Our general 
returned victorious with twelve 
sergeants, who attended him, 
and arose up before him, as he 
came into his tent where he 
sat down to a feast. The gran- 
dees sat by him, and six boys 
waited at table. 

Ante, and Con. Virtue, which 
is always consistent with itself, 
excels all other things, and the 
endowments of the mind excel 
strength of body ; but they of- 
ten beget pride. There was a 
comedian in Greece, of a cel- 
ebrated character, with whom I 
lived a long time, who far ex- 
celled most actors and musi- 
cians : he used to boast and say, 
Let the boys play with their 
equals, and sing to themselves 
and the muses. 

In. This villain mocks and 
insults all good men ; he is said 
never to have groaned or wept 
at the death of a friend ; but he 
gapes after gain, and sleeps on 
his bags of money ; he obsti- 
nately persists in, and pursues 
his former course, though dan- 
ger seems *o hang and hover 
over him ; for a pain has lately 
settled in his feet, which obli- 
ges him io lean on a staff, as a 
soldier leans on a spear, or as a 
house leans on pillars. 

Inter. There was an alliance 
for a long time betwixt this 

H 



qui ddequito ipse porta 
urbs. 

Hostis projicio sui in 
Jluvius, et conor adno ter- 
ra. Noster dux redeo 
victor cum duodecim lie- 
tor, qui appareo is, et om- 
nis assurgo is, veniens in 
tabernacullum, ubi aceum- 
bo epuloe. Primores as- 
sideo Me, et sex puer ad- 
sto mensa. 

VirtuSy qui semper con- 
sono sui, anieeo omnis al- 
ius res, et dos animus an- 
te cello vires corpus; at 
sazpe gigno superbia. Sum 
Ids trio in Grcscia, cele- 
berfama, qui diu convi- 
vo, qui longe antesto ple- 
rique actor et citharcedus : 
soleo glorior, et dico, 
Puer colludo par, et con- 
cino sui et musa. 



Hie scelestus illudo et 
insulto omnis bonus ; di- 
co nunquam ingemo aut 
illachrymo mors amicus ; 
sed inhio lucrum et indor- 
mio saccus pecunia; per- 
tinaciter insto, et inhcereo 
prior vestigium, etiamsi 
pericuhtm video impen- 
deo et immineo is ; nam 
dolor nuper insideo pes, 
qui cogo is initor baculum f 
ut miles insisio hasta, aut 
ut tectum incumbo colum- 
na. 

Amicitia diu intercedo 
hicpopulus cwiijimtimus 



86 



AN INTRODUCTION 



people and tlieir neighbours ; 
a war, however, at last broke 
out between them'; they joined 
battle in a valley full of ferns, 
which use to grow in neglected 
fields : at first the sun was shin- 
ing, and the gold glittered on 
their bright armour ; many were 
slain on both sides, who were 
all buried in pits that lay betwixt 
the hills, and more would have 
fallen had not night come on 
during the time of the battle. 

Ob. The lot that has fallen to 
men is mortal : mortality occurs, 
nay often occurs to our thought, 
and all men struggle against 
death in vain ; but yet vices 
creep in upon us, wickedness 
stands in the way of piety, one 
desires and deprecates the mer- 
its of another, few withstand 
the allurements of pleasure, and 
nobody is disposed to die for 
his country. 

Prce,. Mercury is said to pre- 
side over gain ; but a fair rep- 
utation is better than riches. 
Masters ought and use to lead 
the way to their scholars, and 
the boy is worthy of honour 
who outshines his ancestors, or 
outstrips his cotemporaries. 
Providence over-rules human 
devices, and certain signs some- 
times go before certain events. 

Sub and Super. Wave succeeds 
wave, grief comes in the midst 
of joy, old age and poverty steal 
upon ygu ; but do not sink un- 
der the burden ; for your farm, 



bell um 9 tamm , tandem 
exorior inter is ; commit- 
to prazlium in vallis plen- 
us Gjzlix, qui soleo innas- 
co?' neglect us ager : pri- 
mo solsplendeo, et aunim 
intermico fulgens arma ; 
multus interficio utrin- 
que, qui omnia sepelio in 
fovea quiinterjaceo mons, 
et plus cado nisi nox in- 
tervenio prcelium. 

Sors qui obvenio homo 
sum mortalis : morialiias 
occurro, imo occurso ani- 
mus, et omnis olluctor 
mors f rustra; attamen vi- 
iium obrepo ego, scelus 
obsto pi etas, alter obstre- 
po et detrecto laus alter, 
pauci obsisto blanditia 
vohtptas, et nemo sun 
paratus occumbo mors 
pro patria. 

Mercurius dico pr asi- 
de o lucrum ; sed bonus 
existhnatio prcesio divi- 
tice. Prceceptor debeo et 
soleo proeeo discipulus, et 
puer sum digmis honor 
qui prasluceo major es, aid 
anUceUo cequalis. Proci- 
dentia praivaleo humcmus 
consilium, et certus sig- 
num inierdum prcecurro 
certus res. 

IJnda succedo unda, luc- 
tus supervenio Icetitia, se- 
nectus et paupcrtas sub- 
repo tu ; sed ne succumbo 
onus; nam ager tuus, qui 



ve- 
er, 
tier 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



37 



which lies under the hilt, is far 
better than its rent, and will 
find a purchaser ; and as you 
are content with little, if but a 
small pait of the price shall be 
left to you, you will be richer 
than a covetous man, whom the 
wealth of Croesus would not sa- 
tisfy. 

Note 3. All the rivers run in- 
to the sea, and we all hasten to 
one habitation. My brother 
enlisted in the army, went to a 
battle ; but being worsted, he 
hastened to the shore, fled into 
Africa, and went to the city 
Carthage. His friends, to whom 
the business chiefly belonged, 
afterwards brought him back ; 
his years are now on the de- 
cline towards old age. Virtue 
aims at high things. 

IT So great a madness had sei- 
zed their cruel minds, that they 
did not spare the age, which 
even enemies would have spar- 
ed ; and carried on a destruc- 
tive war against their children, 
and children's mothers for whom 
wars used to be undertaken. So 
great was the havock, that the 
gods seem to have agreed, to- 
gether with men, for the de- 
struction of the parricides. 

The chiefs of the fathers said, 
that his speech was worthy of 
the consular office, worthy of so 
many consulships, wcrihy of his 
whole life, fall of honour ; that 
other consuls had, by betraying 
their dignity, flattered the com- 
mon people ; that he, mindful 



subjaceo mons, longe su- 
percurro vectigal, et in- 
venio emptor ; et cum 
sum contentus parvum, 
si modo exigtms pars pre - 
tium supersto, tu sum di- 
tior avarus, qui opis 
Crcesus non sufficio. 

Omnisjluvius curro in 
mare, et ego omnis sedes 
proper o ad unus. Mens 
f rater eo in militia, vado 
in pr odium ; sed rictus, 
festino ad littus, fugio in 
Africa, et per go ad urhs 
Carthago. Amicus, ad 
qui res maxime pertineo 
postea reduco ; annus 
jam xergo in senium 
Virtus ad arduus iendo. 

Tanlus ralies invado 
fonts animus, ut non par- 
co cetas, qui etiam hostis 
par co ; geroque interne- 
civ us helium aim liberie 
liherique mater, pro qui 
helium soleo suscipio. 
Tantus strages sum, ut 
deus videor consentio, 
pariter cum homo, in exi- 
tium parricida. 

Primores pater dico, 
concio is dignus sum im- 
perium considaris, dignus 
tot consulaius, dignus to- 
tus vita, plenus ti honor ; 
cuius consul, per proditio 
d.ignUas, adulor plebs, is, 
memor majcstas pater, ha- 



AN INTRODUCTION 



of the majesty of the fathers, 
had made a speech suitable to 
the times. 

Polycletus, a man terrible to 
our own soldiers, is sent into 
Britain ; but he was an object 
of derision to the enemy, a- 
mongst whom the power of 
freed men, was not yet known, 
and they wondered that an ar- 
my should obey a slave. 

The Christian religion not 
only commands us to help our 
friends, but to relieve those 
that are enemies to us ; for 
so we shall make them our 
friends, and shall promote love, 
kindness, peace, and good-will 
among men ; which things 
please God. 

The Parthians were formerly 
the most obscure among the 
people of the east. When the 
empire of Asia was transferred 
from the Medes to the Persians 
they were a prey to the con- 
querors : finally they were sub- 
jects to the Macedonians, that it 
may seem strange to any one 
that they arrived to such a 
nourishing condition, that they 
now command those nations, to 
which they formerly were un- 
iier subjection. 

He that resisteth his own 
evil inclinations, obeyeth God ; 
and deserves greater praise than 
the general who vanquishes 
mighty armies, and takes the 
strongest cities, but serves his 
passions which he cannot govern. 

Taken with ihe sweetness c'i 



beo emtio accommodates 
tempus. 

Polycletus, vir terribi- 
lis nosier miles, mitto in 
Britannia : sed sum irri- 
sus hostis, apud qui po- 
teniia libertus nondum 
cognosco mirorque quod 
exercitus obedio serviti- 
um* 

ChrUtianus religio non 
modo prcecipio ego opitu- 
lor amicus, sed succurro 
is qui sum inimicus ego ; 
sic enim reddo is amicus, 
etpromoveo amor, benig- 
nitas, pax, et benevolen- 
tia inter liomo ; qui pla- 
ceo Dcus. 

Parthi sum olimobscu- 
rus inter populus oriens. 
Cum imperiumAsia trans- 
fero a Mcdus ad Persa, 
sum prceda victor ; post- 
remo servio Macedo, ut 
videor mirus quivis is 
provelio ad tantus f elicit- 
as, ut nunc impero is gens, 
qui olhn servio. 




Quirevugno suus 
us affectus, obedio Dew 
et mereor magnus laus 
dux qui f undo magnus co- 
pies, et, expugno munitus 
urbs, sed servio cupiditas, 
qui non possum mod- 
eror. 

Capfus dufcedo is po- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



C9 



that power, you suffer any wick- 
edness to lurk under it. Let 
them say the same things which 
they bawl out here, in the camp, 
and amongst the soldiers ; and 
let them corrupt our armies, and 
not suffer them to obey their 
commanders, since that is at 
last the liberty of Rome, not to 
reverence the senate, the ma- 
gistrates, or the laws. 

The Lacedemonians, after 
the manner of mankind, the 
more they have, the more they 
desire : for not content with 
the accession of the Athenian 
powers, they begun to affect the 
empire of all Asia, the greatest 
part of which wai subject to the 
Persians. 

King Eumenes met the Ro- 
mans with aid, and a little after 
a battle was fought with Antio- 
chus : a Roman legion was beat 
in the right wing, and fled to 
the camp ; but M. iEmiiius, a 
tribune of the soldiers, who had 
been left for the security of it, 
commands his soldiers to take 
arms, and threaten the runa- 
ways. 

Hiero was descended of Hie- 
rocles : his very education was 
ominous of his future grandeur ; 
he had a remarkable handsome- 
ness of person ; he was smooth 
in his address, just in business, 
moderate in command, that 
there seemed nothing at all 
wanting to him suitable for a 
king, but a kingdom. 

And that no misery might be 
H 2 



testas, sino quilibet scelus 
lateo sub is. Dico idem, 
qui vociferor hic y in cas- 
tra, et apud miles ; et 
corrumpo exercitus, nee 
patior is pareo dux, quo- 
niam is demum sum liber- 
tas Roma, non revercor 
senatus, magistratus, aut 
lex. 

Laced cemonius, de mcs 
genus hum anus, quod plus 
habeo, id plus cupio; nam, 
lion contentus accessio 0- 
pis Atherdensis, caipi af- 
fecto imperium totus Asia, 
qui magnus pars pareo 
Fersa. 

Rex Eumenes occurrro 
Romanus cum auxilium, 
et paulo post pradium 
committo cum Antiochus : 
Romanus legio pello in 
dexter ior cornu, et fugio 
ad cast r a; sed M. JEmi- 
lus, tribunus miles, qui 
relinquo ad tutela is, im 
pero miles capio arma, et 
minor fugiens. 

Hiero gigno Hierocles ; 
ipse educatio sum prce- 
nuncius futurus majestas 
sum is insignis pulchri- 
tudo corpus ; sum blandus 
in alloquium, Justus in 
negotium, moderatus in 
imperium, ut )iihilprorsus 
videor desum is regius, 
prceier regnum. 
• Et iu quid malum c&h 



90 AN INTRODUCTION 

wanting to the most honourable sumho?iestus domus, com- 

families, he obliges their wives pello uxor isJiUaque nubo 

and daughters to marry their servus suns, id reddo is 

slaves, that he might render fidus sui 7 et infestus do- 

them more faithful to himself, minus. Sedtam lugubris 

and more violent against their nuptice sum gravis mat- 

masters. But such dismal mat- rona repentinusfunus. 
ches were more grievous to the 
matrons than sudden death. 

We were not born for ourselves only ; we ought therefore to con- 
sult the interest of our friends, to be beneficial to mankind, and ser- 
viceable to human society. 

Canute, one of the kings of England, piously acknowledged, that 
none truly deserves the name of King, but he whose eternal laws, 
heaven, earth, and seas obey. 

Agamemnon, king of the ArgiveS, commanded the Grecian fleet 
in the expedition against Troy. But Diana was angry with Aga- 
memnon, because he had killed one of her deers, Wherefore the 
provoked goddess caused such a calm that the Grecian ships be- 
came fixed and immoveable Hereupon they consulted the sooth- 
sayers, who ordered to sacrifice one of Agamemnon's children, and 
so satisfy the winds and Diana. Accordingly his daughter Iphige- 
nia is brought; but whilst the young lady stood at the altar, the 
goddess pitied her, and substituted a hind in her stead. Iphigenia 
was sent into the Chersonese, where she presided over the sacrifices 
of Diana. 

Is it not better to die by bravery, than by disgrace, to lose a mi» 
able and inglorious life, after you have been the sport of oth< 
men's insolence ? But surely we have the victory on our hands ; 
our age is fresh, our minds are vigorous : On the other hand, all 

things are decayed to them ; there is need only of a beginning. 

Who of mortals, that has the spirit of a man, can endure that they 
should have an excess of wealth, and that a private estate is wanting 
to us even for necessaries ? In short, what have we left except a mi- 
serable life ? Mjk ,. 



RULE VI. REG VI. 

3U, 

sivnijicans 



28. A VERB signify- '^TERBUM 
f\ ing actively gov- y tive &ignij 
ems the accusative. .regit accusativum. 

Love God. Ama deum. 

Reverence your parents. Reverereparcntes, 






TO LATIN SYNTAX. 91 

.A We 1. -The infinitive or a sentence sometimes supply the place 
of the accusative ; as, Gel!. Pcenitere tanti non emo ; fov pamitentiam. 
Ter. Feci e servo libertw ut esses mihi ; for feci te liberlum. 

Note 2. NEUTER VERBS have sometimes an accusative : 1 Of 
their own or the like signification; as, vivere vilam. gaudere gaudi- 
urn, servire servitutem, ire, riam longam, pugnare prcelia, garrire 
nugasy prandere olus, caznare aprtim, si'ire sanguiaem. fyc. 2. When 
taken in a metaphorical, or in an active sense ; as, Corydon ardtbat. 
Alexin, crepai sulcus ei venela, saltare Cyclopa, sonat vilium fidelia, 
olet hircum, spiral deum : Abolere maculam, labor are or ma, clama- 
re aliquem, horret mare, sensum pulchre calleo, medias frauchs pollu- 
it 7 fyc. But some preposition, such as, ad* in, ob, circa, per, is al- 
ways understood. 

Note 3. The accusatives hoc, id, quid, aliquid, quiquid. nihil, idem, 
Mud, tantum, quantum, mulia, pauca, alia, ccetera, omnia, are often 
governed by propter, ob, or circa, understood ; as, Ter. Num. id la- 
crumat tirgo ? Plaut. Scio quid errcs. Hor. Quicquid delirant reges 
plcclunctur Achivi. 

JVote 4. ADVERBS are often joined to verbs, nouns, and other 
parts of speech, to express some circumstance, quality, or manner 
of their signification. 

Note 5. The poets frequently use the neuter gender of adjec- 
tives adverbially, or instead of adverbs ; as, Virg. Torvumque re- 
pente clamat ; for tore e. Hor. Mem laztatur turbidum ; iovturbide. 
Virg. Etpcch terram crebraferit; for crebre. Id. Transversa tuenti- 
bushircis; for transverse. 

Note 6. The accusative after active verbs, in some figurative ex- 
pressions, is governed not by the verb, but by some preposition un- 
derstood, while the true accusative to the verb is suppressed ; thus, 
Ferire, icere, perculere fcedus, is put (or ferire, fyc. porcum ad sanci- 
endinn fcedus. Plangere funcrcudamna : for, Plangere pectus ad fu- 
nera, ad damna. Conserere prcelium ; for. conserere manum ad pra>~ 
Hum faciendum. 

# 29. Recorder, memi- Recorder,memini, 
nL reminiscor, and ohUvis- reminiscor, e/obliv- 
cor, govern the accusa- iscor, regunt accusa- 
tive or genitive. tivum vcl genitivum. 

I remember the battle. Recorder pugnam. 

1 remember the victory. Recordor victoria*. 

I mind the place. Memini locum. 

I mind the day. Memini diei. 

He remembers time. Reminiscitur tempus. 

He remembers the night, Reminiscitur the noctis. 

We forget reproaches. Gbliviscimur covtumclids 

We forget hardships. Obliviscimvr laborum. 



92 



AN INTRODUCTION 



A'ofe 1. MeminJ, when it signifies to make mention of \ takes the 
genitive or the ablative with de, but never the accusative ; as. Cits. 
Cujks supra meminimus. Quinct. De quibus muJlimeminerunt. 

Note 2. The verbs belonging to this rule are generally esteemed 
neuter, and when they take the accusative, ad, or quod, ad is under- 
stood ; when they take the genitive, quod ad negoiium, or negutio, is 
suppressed. 

JYg!s3. The phrase, Venit mihi in mentem. seems someway alli- 
ed to this rule, and admits of three varieties, viz. Venit mihi in men- 
tem hrec res, hujus rei : de hac re : to the last two may be understood 
memoria or reeordatia ; as, Cic. Si quid in mentem veriiet. Id. Mihi 
solet venire in mentem illius temporis, quofuimus una. Plaut./tt men- 
tem venit de sjieculo. 



28. I love virtue, thou seek- 
eth praise, he despises pleas- 
ure, we practise charity, ye fear 
God, they honour the king. 

The boy deserves praise, the 
slave shall suffer punishment, 
the man defames his wife, care 
attends money, pride accompa- 
nies honours. 

God wisely governs the 
world, riches sometimes pro- 
cure envy, birds do not every 
where build their nests, the 
dogs nimbly pursue the hare. 

Discord always produces 
strife, strife generally begets 
hatred, quarrels often break up 
friendship, honours commonly 
change manners. 

29. A good man easily for- 
gets injuries, but always re- 
members a good turn ; a wicked 
man sees the faults of others 
and forgets his own, but at 
length with sorrow shall he re- 
member his viilanies. 

Ccesar settled the differences 
among the .Eduans, r.nd having 
exhorted them to forget their 
disputes and quarrels, he retum- 



Amo virtus, qu&ro laus, 
contemno voluptas, colo 
caritas timeo Deus, hon- 
or o rex. 

Piter mereor laus, ser- 
vus potior pcena, viz 
criminor uxor, cura se- 
quor pecunia, superbia 
comitor honor. 

Dcus sap kilter guber- 
no mundus, divitioe inter- 
dum contraho iavidia, a- 
vis non uhivis struo nidus, 
canis strenue sector lei 

Discordia semper pario 
lis, lis plerumque genero 
odium, jurgium scepe dis- 
solvo am icitia, honor v 
go muto mos. 

Bonus vir fucile obli- 
visc-or injuria, sed sem- 
pe r re m in isco r beneficium , 
improbus cerno vitium al- 
ius et obliviscor suus, sed 
tandem cum dolor recor- 
dorjlagitium suus. 

Caesar compono lis inter 
JEdui.et cohortatus ut ob- 
liviscor controversia ae 
dissert sio,rcdeo ad casti't. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



93 



ed to the camp. They remem- 
bered his advice, and complied 
with his admonitions. 

II In the mean time the Ro- 
man people received a terrible 
stroke from the Parthians : nor 
can we complain ; for after 
Crassus had pitched his camp at 
Nicephorium, deputies sent by 
king Orodes advised him to re- 
member the treaties made with 
Pompey and Sy 11a. But the 
consul was gaping after the 
Parthian gold. 

Let not the glare of gold and 
silver dismay you, which neither 
protects nor wounds. In the 
very host of the enemy we shall 
find our troops, the Britons will 
espouse their own cause, the 
Gauls will reflect on their for- 
mer liberty, and the Germans 
will abandon the Romans, 

Antiochus, though he approv- 
ed of Annibal's advice, yet 
would not act according to his 
counsel, lest the glory of the 
victory should be Annibal's and 
not his own. He was conquer- 
ed therefore, and remembered 
AnnibaPs counsel when it was 
too late. 

Remember the counsel which 
I gave, it will profit thee very 
much if thou dost not forget 
it : obey the laws of Almighty 
God, obey the king and all 
other subordinate magistrates, 
in all things that are lawful ; 
resist the beginnings of anger, 
and yield not to the allurements 
of pleasure. 



I lie me mini consilium et 
pareo monitum. 

Interim Romanus po- 
pidus accipio gravis vul- 
nus a Parthi : nee pos- 
sum queror ; nam post- 
quam Crassus pono cas- 
tra apud Nicephorium, 
legatus missus a rex Oro- 
des denuncio ut memini 
fozdus percussus cum Pom- 
peius et Sylla. Sed constd 
■inhio Parthicus aurum, 

Ne fulgor aurum at- 
que argentum terreo tu, 
qui neque tego neque vul- 
nero. In ipse acies hostis 
invenio noster manus, 
Britanni agnosco suus 
causa, Galli recordor pri- 
or 4 libertas, et Germa- 
ni desero Romanus, 

Antiochus, tametsi pro- 
bo consilium Annibal ta- 
men nolo ago ex senten- 
tia Me, ne gloria victoria 
sum Annibal, et non suus. 
Vinco igitur, et meminz 
consilium Annibal cum 
sum sero. 

Memini 4 consilium qui 
do, prosum tu plurimum 
si 4 is non obliviscor : o- 
bedio lex omnipotens De* 
us, obedio rex et omnis 
alius inferior magistra- 
tes, in omnis qui sum 
licitus : repugno princi- 
pium ira et ne cedo blan 
diticr voluptas. 



94 



AN INTRODUCTION 



Such was the greatness of 
Alexander's soul, that though 
he left a son, who was called 
Hercules, a brother who was 
named Aridaeus, and his wife 
Roxane with child, he forgot 
his relations, and named the 
most worthy his heir, just as if 
it was unlawful for any other 
than a brave man to succeed a 
brave man. 



Tantus sum magnitude 
animus: Alexander, ui 
quamvis relinquo Jiliiis 
qui appello Hercules, f ra- 
ter qui nomino Aridccus, ct 
uxor Roxane pregnans, 
obliviscor necessitudo, ei 
nuncupo digmis h aires, 
prorsns quasi nefas sum 
alius quam vir foriis su- 
cedo vir fortis. 



Difficulties stupify the slwggard, and terrify the fearful, but animate 
the courageous. 

A faithful friend is the medicine of life, and they that fear the 
Lord shall find him. 

That man is of a happy memory, who forgets injuries, and remem- 
bers those things that are worthy of his character. 

Egeon, called also Briareus, was one of the giants ; Virgil says 
that "he had 50 heads and 100 hands. He tore up solid rocks from 
the foundation, and hurled them against Jupiter ; yet Jupiter over- 
came him, and thrust him under mount iEtna ; where, as often as 
he moves his side, the mountain casts forth streams of liquid lire. 

The poets mention a river in heli called Lethe, of the water of 
which, if any one drinks, he immediately forgets all things past? 
so that the souls of the pious, when they drink of the waters of this 
river, straightway forget the miseries, which they suffered in this 
world. 



RULE VII. 



REG. VII. 



*30. "WTERBS of ^TERBJcopmef 

y plenty and y inopice ; item 

scarcity; also, ulor, abu- utor, abator, fruor, 

tor, fruor, fungor, pod- fungor, potior, ves- 

or, vescor, and some o- cor, et qcedam alia, 

tilers* generally govern plerumque ablativum 
the ablative. 



He abounds in riches. 

He is free from every fault. 



regent. 



Abundat divitiis. 
Caret omni culpa. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. §9 

He uses deceit. Ulitur frcmde. 

He abuses books. Abutitur libris. 

We depend on hope. Nitimur spe. 

You take pleasure in poems. Gaudes carminilus. 

The boy is sick of a fever. Puerfebri labor at. 

To this rule belong, 

Verbs of PLENTY ; as " abundo, exubero, redundo, 
scateo, affluo, circumfluo, diffluo, superfluo." 

2. Verbs, of SCARCITY ; as, " careo, egeo, indigeo, 
vaco/' to want ; to which add, t£ deficio, destituor." 

3. *'■ Utor, abutor, fruor, fungor, potior, vescor." 

5. " Nitor, innitor, epuior, nascor, creor, glorior, Joetor, 
delector, .gaud-eo, vivo, victito, fido. confido, exulto, sto, 
consto, consisto, cedo, supersedeo, laboro." 

Note 1. Egeo k and indigeo frequently take the genitive ; as, Ca?s, 
Egtre azuxilii. Cor. Opis ir.digcl. Also, among the more ancient 
writers., scateo and carta ; as, Lueret. Terra scale* firrarum. Plant. 
Tui cartndiimerat. Sometimes careo and egeo take the accusative ; 
as, Plant. Id careo. Gell. Midtaegeo- 

Afcte.2. Potior sometimes governs the genitive ; as, Sail. Potiri 
urbis, to make himself master of the city. Id. Potiri hosiium. to 
get his enemies in his power. Cic. Potiri rerum, to have the chief 
command. 

Note 3. Potior, fungor, vescor, and epuior, sometimes take the 
accusative ; as, Cic. Gens urban nostrum •patiiar. Tac. Ui mu- 
nera fungerenlur. Plin. Si caprinum jecur vcsccauur. Id. Pullas 
cpidari. As also among the more ancient writers, uicr, abuior. and 
fruor; as, Plaut. Uteris, ut votes, operam meam. Ter. Operam 
abutitur. Id. Inge-mum frui. 

Note 4. The ablative is not governed by these verbs, but by some 
preposition understood ; such as, a, ab, de, ax, in. And when any 
of these verbs take the genitive, some ablative, such as, re.nogotio^ 
causa-, pr(zsentia, ope, copia, irnperio, or the like, with a preposition, 
is understood. 

Note 6. With some of these verbs the preposition is frequently 
expressed ; as,' Liv. Ne a metu vacarent. Cic. Cum constemus 
ex animo et corpore. Id. Com graviter ex intestinis laborarem. Id. 
Cujus in vita nitebatur salus cirttafis. Id. In virlute rede gloriamur. 

Note 6. The verbs, fido, confido, innitor, cedo, vaco, instead ext 
the ablative, take frequently the dative, as was taught No. 27. 



96 



AN INTRODUCTION 



1 . Many men abound in gold 
and silver, whose houses are 
full of wickedness. 

Some men flow in wealth, 
nay, overflow in money, and 
yet desire those things most 
with which they abound. 

Neglected sores use to swarm 
with vermin, and neglected 
fields and noxious weeds ; but 
yet this garden abounds in ap- 
ples. 

This man pleads the cause 
with great vigour ; he is all be- 
dewed with sweat ; he is over 
copious in his language ; his 
discourse, however, abounds 
with all manner of ornaments. 

2. Nature needs few things ; 
he however that wants friends, 
and he that is weak in judg- 
ment, or is disappointed of his 
expectations, stands in need of 
advice ; but to be free from a 
fault, is a great comfort 

3. We ought to use diligence, 
and not to abuse time ; the life 
which we enjoy is short, let us 
therefore do our duty carefully ; 
thus at length we shall .obtain 
the golden fleece, we shall feed 
on milk and honey; 

4. Men ought to depend on 
virtue rather than blood ; for if 
any one persist in this practice, 
and take pleasure in equity, he^ 
deserves praise. But fools often 
labour under this distemper, 
that they glory in their faults, 
rejoice at other men's misfor- 
tunes, are delighted with vain 
hope, and exult on success. 



Multus homo abundo au 
rum utque argent am qui do- 
mus seel us affluo. 

Quidam homo circumfluo 
opis, i?no superjfuo pecunia, 
et tamen desidero is maximt 
qui abundo. 

.\cglectus ulcer soleo scateo 
tennis* et neglectus agernox- 
ius herba ; sed tamen hie hor- 
ius exubero pomum. 



Hie vir ago causa strenue ; 
diffiuo sudor; redundo elo- 
quiwn ; oratio tamen abundo 
07nnis ornamentum. 



A'atura egeo pauci ; qui 
aid em careo amicus, et qui 
deficior ratio, aid deslituor 
spes, indigeo consilium ; sed 
vaco culpa nxagnus sum sola- 
tium. 



Debeo utor diligentia, et 
rum abutor iempus ; vita qui 
fruor sum brevis,fungor igitur 
ojfficium sedulo ; sic tandem 
potior aureus vellus, v.scor lac 
et mel. 



Homo debeo nitor virtus 
potius quam sanguis; nam si 
quis innitor hie ars, el gaudeo 
azquitas mereor laus. Sed 
stultus scepe is morbus laboro, 
ut glorior vitiiun suus, Icetor 
alienus malum, detector vanus 
spts, et cxulto successus. 



Td LATLN SYNTAX. 



37 



The rich feast on dainty dish- 
es-, but the poor live on barley 
bread, nay some live on husk- 
Let us lay aside prolixity of 
words, for many poor people, 
descended of honourable pa- 
rents, have retired from the 
city, on account of the dearth of 
corn. 

Soma men trust to strength 
of body, and the stability of tor- 
tune, as stags trust to their 
running ; brave men, say they, 
descend from brave men, and 
a pretty girl cannot be born of 
a disgraceful mother. 

This field -consists ef vine- 
yards and woods ; I might re- 
tain it, but I will stand by my 
bargain and my promise ; thus 
good men wili praise me, the 
poor will bless me. 

If In Thessaly, Cncsars army 
enjoyed very good health, and 
very great plenty of water, and 
abounded m every kind of pro- 
vision, exoept corn. 

threat armies need great ge- 
nerals. Though Caesar's sol- 
diers had long wanted corn, and 
had endured the most pinching 
famine, yet no word was heard 
from them unworthy of the ma- 
jesty of the Komau people, or 
of their former victories. 

He seems to me to live, and 
enjoy life, who intent on busi- 
ness, pursues the glory of some 
famous action or useful art. 
But in the great multitude of 
affairs, nature h:s pointed out 

i 



Dives epulor opiums da* 
pes. sed pauper viciito hi r~ 
deaceus pants 9 imo qui- 
dam vivo siliqua. Super- 
sedeo multitudo verbum, 
nam multus pauper, prog- 
naius honestus parens, ce- 
do nrbs, propter caritas 
annona. 

Quidam homo confido 
firmitas corpus, el stabili- 
tas fort una, ut cervusfido 
cursus ; fort is , inquam, 
cmor fortis, et formosus 
puella nan possum nascor 
mater pudendus. 

Ilk ager consto vinea et 
sylva; possum retineo, sed 
s to pactum et promissum ; 
sic bonus ego laudo, pau- 
per ego bcnedico. 

In Thcssalia, Ccesarex- 
ere it us utor bonus valetu- 
do, swnmusque copia a- 
qua, abundoque omnis 
genus commeatus, prater 
Jrumentum, 

Magnus exercitus cgco 
magnus dux. Quamvis 
■CcBsar miles din cartofru- 
merdum, et sustento extre- 
mus fames, iamen nidi us 
vox audio ab is indignus 
majestas populus Roma- 
n u s , auts upe rio r t ic to ria . 

Is videor ego vivo, etfruor 
anima, qui. inltntus negoiium 
quatro gloria aliquis prmcla- 
rus /acinus ctut bonus ars. 
Sed in magnus copia res. natu- 
re ozltndo dicersus iter. #&ui 



98 



AN INTRODUCTION 



different ways. It is a glorious 
thing to act well for the public, 
and it is no despicable thing to 
speak well. 

The victory was the Thebans 5 
but Epaminor.das, whilst he 
performed the office, not only 
of a general, but also of a very 
gallant soldier, was grievously 
wounded. It is uncertain whe- 
ther he was a better man or gen- 
eral ; he was frugal of the pub- 
lic money ; he was more gree- 
dy of glory than 0/ riches. 

After this, Vitellius obtained 
the government, a maa of an 
honoured rather than noble fa- 
mily ; he, as he bad a mind to 
be like Nero, was slain by Ves- 
pasian's generals, aad, being 
thrown into the Tiber, wanted 
common burial. 

The Scythians have not any 
house, or dwejling, or habita- 
tion ; they carry their wives and 
children alom* with tbein in 
waggons, which they use in- 
stead of houses ; they live on 
milk and venison ; the use of 
wool is quite unknown to them. 

Do you think that this most 
beautiful city consists of houses, 
roofs, and a pile of stones ? 
These dumb and lifeless things 
may perish, and be repaired : 
the eternity of the state, and 
the peace of nations, depend 
upon the safety of the senate. 



pulcher benefacio resputij-t 
ca, et non sum absurdua 
beiiedko. 

Victoria sum Tfebanus ; 
sed Epaminondas dum 
fun gov ofjUcium non ta?> 
him dux j cecum etiamfo r- 
tis miles* graviter vulne- 
ro. Sum incertus summ 
rir bonus an dux; sum 
parous publicus pecunia ; 
sumx:iipidus gloria quam 
diciiioe. 

Dcin, Vitdlius potior 
impcrium, vir honoratus 
magis quam nobilis 6 fa- 
mil ia ; hie, cum volo sum 
similis .Xero, occido a 
J r espasiauus dux et dejec- 
tus in Tiberisy careo com- 
munis sepultura. 

ScytJuv non su?n ullus 
domus, aut tectum, aid 
sedes ; veho uxor liber ique 
suicum in plaustrum, qui 
utor pro domus ; vescor 
lac et farina : usus I ana 
sum prorsus ignotus is. 

Tu credo hie pulcher 
urbs sto domus, tectum, et 
congest us lapis: 2 Iste mu~ 
tus et inanimus possum 
inter cido, ac re par : az- 
ternitas res, et pax gens, 
incolumitas senatus nitor. 



The land of Canaan, into which Moses conducted die Israelites, 
not only flowed frith milk and honey, but with wine abo ; as af>« 



1*0 LATIN SYNTAX. &4 

£ears from the large bunch of grapes which the spies brought to 
Moses. Tt abounded also in springs of water. 

The poor man wants some things, the luxurious man many, and 
the covetous man wants all things. 

When Babel was a building, they made use of burnt bricks instead 
of stone, and slime instead of mortar. Strabo affirms the tower to 
TVave been 660 feet high. It consisted of eight square towers, one 
above another, which gradually decreased in breadth. This with 
the winding of the stairs from top to bottom on the outside, render- 
ed it in some sort like a pyramid. 



Active VERBS governing ana- VERBA activa alium u- 
ther case together iviih the ac- na cum accusative) ca- 
cusativ sum regent ia. 

* 31. VERBS of accii- 1. VERB J accu- 

sing.condemmng, acquit- sandi, damnandi, ah- 

ting, and admonishing, solvendi, ct admonai- 

with the accusative of the di, cum ascusativo 

person, govern also the personce regunt etiam 

genitive of the crime or genitivumcriminisaat 

thing. ret. 

He accuses me of theft. Arguit mefurti. 

I condemn myself of laziness. Meipsuminerticecondem- 

They acquit him of manslaugh- no. 

ter. Ilium homicidiiabsolvunt. 

We put the grammarians in Grammaticos officii sui 

mind of their duty. commonemus. 

1. Verbs of ACCUSING are, " accuso, ago, appello, 
arcesso, anquiro, arguo, incuso, insimulo, interrogo, postu- 
lo, alligo, asiringo, defero, compello." 

2. Verbs of CONDEMNING are, " damno, condemno, 
infamo, noto." 

3. Verbs of ACQUITTING are, " absolvo, iibero, 
purgo." 

4. Verbs of ADMONISHING are, u moneo, admoneo, 
commoneo, commonefacio." 



I<*0 



AN INTRODUCTION 



tfote 1. Verbs of ACCUSING, CONDEMNING* and ACQUIT. 
TlNG. instead of the genitive, take frequently the ablative, and 
that either with or without the preposition de ; as. Cic. Accusare me de 
epistoiarum negligentia. Id. De rtpetundis eum postularit. Id. De prce- 
varicatione eum absolvere. Id. Eum de vi condemnavit. Id. Suis eum 
criminibus accusabo. Id. Metuit ite scelere se alligei. Liv. Consulem 
suspicione absolvere. Cic. Librarios culpa libero. Tac. Adolescentem 
crimine pitrgavit. Virg. Damnabis tu quoque voiis. Cic. Condemnabo 
■ft eodem crimine. Hut. Plurimos capita damnavit. 

J\fole % Accitso. incuso,'i:is;mulo, sometimes takes two accusatives, - 
as, Plaut. Siid me noil accusas. Ter. Quce me incumvcras. Plaut. Sic 
me insimulare fatsum /acinus. 

A\)ie 3. Verbs of ADMONISHING, instead of the genitive, take 
sometimes the ablative with, de ; as, Cic. Ut Terenlium moneatis de 
it stamen to. Id. De quo vospaalo ante admonui. Id. Te de indulgentia 
jtalria commonebat. And sometimes they govern two accusatives ; 
as, Cic. Eos hoc moneo. Ter. Id unum tt moneo. Id. Jsihuc me ad- 
monere. 

.Vole 4. The genitive, strictly speaking, is not governed by the 
verbs mentioned in this rule, but by some ablative understood ; such 
as. crimine, scelere. ptccalo, culpa, poena, aclione, mulctit, numine, re; 
Mnisa, ergo, <$r. as. Accuso iefurti, i. e. crimine furti. And these, or 
■vny oilier ablative, is always governed by de or in expressed or un- 
derstood. When verbs of admonishing take two accusatives, circa-, 
€»f quod ad. may be understood to the accusative of the thing. 



1. He that accuses another 
of a crime, ought to look well 
to himself; for it is the proper- 
ty of a fool to accuse another 
of a fault, of which he himself 
is guilty. 

The soldiers were in a rage, 
and began to charge the tri- 
bunes with treason and treache- 
ry, ami to accuse the centuri- 
ons of avarice. 

The deputies have accused 
This man of extortion ; he can- 
not govern his tongue, he will 
make himself guilty of theft or 
bribery. 

2. Forbear to charge your 
friend with villany, or reproach 
him with arrogance: he con- 
demns himself of rashness, he 
condemns himself of foolishness. 



Qui ineuso alter pro* 
brum, debeo intueor mi 
ipse ; nam sum stultus ac- 
cuse alter peccatum, qui 
ipse sum conscius. 

Miles fremo,et caipiar* 
giio tribunus majestas ac 
proditio, ct insimulo cen- 
turio avaritia. 

Legatus postulo hie ho- 
mo repetundm; ipse non 
possum moderor lingua^ 
alligo suifurtum aut am- 
bitus. 

Par co damno amicus 
tints scehiSy aut infamo is 
arrogant ia ; condemno 
svd ipse temeritasy con- 
demno sui ipse amentia, 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



101 



3, The senate neither freed 
the man of the fault, nor accu- 
sed him ; but after he had clear- 
ed himself of all the things that 
were alledged, the judges ac- 
quitted him of the trespass. 

4. Our infirmity often re- 
minds us of mortality, sickness 
warns us of death, adversity 
ought to admonish us of our 
duty, and put us in mind of re- 
ligion. 

^T Julius Caesar was a very 
spare drinker of wine, and so 
easy as to his diet; that he is 
said once to have made use of 
old oil, served up instead of 
fresh, that he might not seem 
to accuse his landlord of care- 
lessness or clownish ignorance. 

Not long after, Coepio and 
Ilispo accused Marcellus, prae- 
tor of Bithynia, of high trea- 
son. The calamities of Ihe times 
and the insolence of men ren-» 
dered Hispo and hrs way of life 
afterwards famous : at first he 
was needy and obscure, buf tur- 
bulent ; he made his court to the 
cruelty of the prince. There 
remained even then some tra- 
ces of expiring liberty. 

Capito objected that Ttra- 
sea, though invested with the 
priesthood, had never made ob- 
lations for the safety of the 
prince, and that he had not at- 
tended the funeral of Poppea. 
Capito was an enemy to Thra- 
sea, because he had supported 



Senatus nee liber o homo 
culpa, neque arguo ; sed 
postquam purgo sui omnis 
qui affero, judex absolvo 
is injuria, 

Imbecillitas nosier sozpe 
admoneo ego mortalitas, 
morbus moneo ego mors, 
resadversus debeo commo- 
nefacio ego officum nostcr, 
et commoneo ego religio, 

Julius Ccesar sum par- 
ous vinum, et adeo indif- 
ferent circa victus, ut di- 
co quondam appeto condi- 
tus oleum, appositus pro- 
viridis, ne videor arguo 
hospes negligentia aut ru- 
sticitas. 

Nee multo post, Caepio et 
Hispo postulo Marcellus, 
proctor B ithyn ia .majestas. 
Miseria tenipus et audacia 
homo facto Hispo et forma 
vita postea celeber, primo 
sum egens et ignotus, at 
inquies ; adrepo swvitia 
princeps. Maneo etiam 
turn qui dam vestigium 
moriens liber t as* 

Capito object o, Thixi- 
sea, quamvis pr&ditus sa- 
cerdoiium, nunquam im- 
molo pro solus princcp?, 
et non rater sum funus 
Poppea* Capito sumiai- 
micus Thrasea, quod jw 
vo legatus Cilix, dam 



I 



702 



AN INTRODUCTION 



the deputies of the Cilicians 
when they accused him of ex- 
tortion. 

A certain informer not long 
ago accused this honest man of 
a wicked action ; the judges 
however did not find him guil- 
ty of the villany, but absolved 
him from the charge. The cur- 
sea rogue was cast into prison, 
where be leads a life worse than 
death. He often blames the 
times for the mishap, of which 
he himself is the cause. 

On the other side> the consul 
bid the Romans remember their 
iormer bravery ; he put them in 
mind of the Aventine and Sa- 
cred mount, that they should 
fight for their liberty, which 
they had lately recovered. 

When the army of the thirty 
tyrants, of which the greatest 
part were Athenians, fled, T I) ras- 
ybulus cailed out, and put them 
in mind of their relations, their 
laws and their old fellow-ship 
during so many wars, and beg- 
ged that they would pity their 
banished countrymen. 

Alexander, in his passage, 
•>'it the Thessalians in mind of 
the kindness of his father Phi- 
lip, and his mother's alliance 
with them by the family of the 
j-Eacidre. The Thessalians heard 
these things gladly, and made 
him captain-general of the 
whole nation. 



interrogo is rcpetundm. 

Delator quidam olim 
accuso hie probus vir fa- 
cialis ; judex tamen non 
condemno is scelus, sea ab- 
solve) is crimen. Scelera* 
tus homo conjicio in car- 
eer^ ubi vita gravis mors 
exigo. Scepe damno t em- 
pus infelicitas, qui ipse 
sum causa. 

Ex alter pars, consul 
j ub co Romanus memini 
pristinus virtus ; admoneo 
is AventiniiSy ct Sccer 
mons, ut pugno pro liber- 
tas, qui nuper recupero. 

Cum exercitvs triginta 
tyrannuSy qui pars mag- 
nits sum Atheniensisyfu- 
gio, Tkrasybulus exda* 
mo, et admnnco is cogna- 
tioj lexy et vetustus com- 
militium per tot bellum, 
et oro ut misereor exul 
civis. 

Alexander, in transi- 
tus. admoneo ThessaUts 
benejicivm pater Philip- 
pus, et mat emus necessitu- 
do cum hie ab gens JEaci- 
dce. Thessalus audio hie 
cupide, et creo is dux 
universus pens. 



Midas requested of Bacchus, that whatever he touched might be- 
come gold : Bacchus consented. Whatever, therefore, Midas touch- 
ed, in<Untn\- became go!d ; nay, when he to iched his meat or drink 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 1Q3 

they also became gold. Midas, now sensible of his mistake, accused 
himself of folly, and desired Bacchus to remove this pernicious gift. 
Bacchus complied, and bid him bathe in the river Pactolus. Midas 
did so ; and hence the sand of that river became gold. 

Sesostris, king of Egypt, had his chariot drawn by four captive 
kings, whom he had not condemned to die. But as one of them con- 
tinually fixed his eye on the chariot-wheel, Sesostris asked him what 
he meant ? The captive king replied, The turning of the wheel puts- 
me in mind of our fortune ; for that part which is now highest pre- 
sently becomes lowest ; and that which is lowest becomes highest. 



# 32. Verbs of valuing, 2: Verba cestiman- 

with the accusative, go- di, cum accusativo, re- 

vern such genitives as gunt hujusmodi geni- 

these, magni, parvi, nihi- tivos, magni, par\]\ : 

//,&•<?. mhili, &e. 

I value you much. JEsttmo te magni . 

You little regard me. Tu me parvi pendis. 

Verbs of VALUING are, Ci cestimo, exist Imo, duco, fa- 
cio, habea, pendo, puto, taxo ;" to these add sum andJi-o ¥ . 
which likewise govern the .-genitive of- value, but do not 
take the accusative. 

The rest of these genitives are, iC -tanti, quanti, pluris* 
minoris. maximi, minimi, plurimi ;" also, u assis, nauciV 
flocci, pi!i> teruncii, hujus, pensi." 



Note 1. To this rule may be referred these phrases, mqui boniqiie. 
faeio ; or a qui bonifacio ; and boni ccnsulo. 

Note 2. The verb asstimo, instead of the geniirve. takes sometimes 
these ablatives, magna, permagno, parte, niliilo, nomdhilo ; as, Se- 
nee. Data magno aisiimas, accepta parvo. Cic. Quia sit nonnihila 
mstimandum. Id. Tu istapermagno ceslima*. 

Note 3. The substantive understood to the adjectives, magni, par- 
ti, fyc. is pretii, ozris, ponderis, momenti, or the like ; and the construc- 
tion may be thus supplied : JEsiima it magni, i. e. ccstimo te esse* 
bominem magni pretii. JEstimat pecuniam parvi, i. .e.-cestimat pecu- 
niayn esse rem parvi momenti, or thus, ceslimo te pro homine magni 
pretii, aislimai pecuniam pro re vzrvi raornenti. In like manner," 



104 



AN INTRODUCTION 



Isthuc aqui bonique facio, i. e. facio islhuc rem cequi bonique liominis 
vel uegolii. And someway similar to this is that of Nep. Qua ille 
universa naturali quodam bono fecit lucri, i. e. fecit rem lucri. 



Epicurus valued pleasure at a 
great rate ; but a wise man val- 
ues pleasure at a very low rate. 

Brave men little regard big 
words, and they value threats 
as nothing. 

I do not value those men 
a farthing, I do not value the 
augur a rush, I value you more 
than them all. 

That fellow did not value me 
one penny, he went off, nor did 
he value a pin what 1 said. 

Oassius likewise plighted his 
own faith, which Jugurtha va- 
lued no less than that of the 
public. 

Most men value money very 
much, and gold is valued a 
great deal every where. 

Every evil is as great as we 
rate it: a wise man, however,, 
values reputation more than life 
itself 

There is nobody in all this 
house, who regards what he ei- 
ther says- or does before the 
child. 

War makes many bishops* 
who in peace were not valued 
so much as a farthing, or a pin. 

IT It is not the part of a wise 
man to say, 1 will live well to- 
morrow. Virtue is the most 
precious of all things. It is 
therefore, the part of a fool to 
despise that which all men ought 
to value more than riches or 
pleasure* 



Epicurus voluptas mag- 
num aisiimo; sed sapiens 
voluptas minimum facio . 

Vir fortis jactans ver- 
bum parvum pendo, et 
mince nihihtm facio. 

JS'on is teruncius facio, 
non nauci augur habeo, 
tu plus quam omnis ille 
puto. 

Iste homo non unus as 
ego cestimo, abeo, neque 
qui dico Jloccus existimo. 

Qassim qnoque fides 
suus interpono qui Jugur- 
tha non minus quam 
publicus duco. 

Plerique homo pecunia 
maximum facio, et pas-- 
sim plurinum fio av.rum. 
U?iusquis que malum sum 
tantum quantum ille taxo :~ 
sapiens, tamen, atstimo 
faina plus quam vita ipse. 

JS'emo sum in hie totus 
domus 7 qui pension habeo 
quis coram infans ant 
dico a ut facio. 

Bellum gigno multus 
episcopus, qui in pax ne 
quidem teruncius autpihis 
fio. 

Non sum sapiens dico 
vivo bene eras. Virtus 
sum preciosus omnis res* 
Sum itaqut stultus spemo 
is qui omnis debeo ceslimo 
plus quam divitto out? 
voluptas. 



*F0 LATIN" SYNTAX. 



•r«s 



A wise man values pleasure 
very little, because it is the bane 
of the mind, and the cause of 
all wickedness and misery ; but 
he values no possession more 
than virtue, because it is an or- 
nament in prosperity, a com- 
fort in adversity, and the foun- 
tain of all public and private 
happiness. 

Thebes, both before Epami- 
nondas was born, and after his- 
death, was always subject to a 
foreign power ; on the other 
hand, as leng as he governed 
the commonwealth, it was the 
head of all Greece. From 
which it may be understood, 
that one man was more worth 
than the whole city, and that 
an army is just as much worth 
as the general is* 



Sapiens facio voluptas 
minimum, quia sumpestis 
animus, et origo omnis 
scelus et miser ia ; sed ces- 
timo nit Hits posses sio plus 
quam virtus, quia sum or- 
namentum in res secundus, 
solatium in adversus, et 
fons omnis publicus et 
privatus /elicit as. 

Theba>, et ante Epami- 
nondas natus, et post is 
inter itits, perpetuo pareo 
alienus imperium ; contra 
is, quamdiu ille prcesum 
respublica sum caput totus 
Gr&cia. Ex qui possum 
intelligo, units homo sum 
plus quam totus civitas, et 
exercitus sum tanhmv 
quantum wiper at or. 



A boar had made the fountain muddy, out of which a horse of a 
proud spirit used to drink. The horse, full of wrath, entreated a man- 
that he would assist him against the boar. The man leaped upon the 
back of the horse and slew the boar. The horse was glad ; nothing 
was more joyful than the foolish horse. The man then spake to the' 
horse thus : I value you more than the boar which I have slain ; a 
horse is the most useful of all quadrupeds ; hitherto you have been 
free from labour ; you shall not return to your former way of life. 
The horse now sadly accused himself of great madness ; Pride, says 
ire, hath pushed me on to revenge ; ray foolish pride is now a grief 
to my heart ; I wish I had forgot the small injury done by the boar ; 
I am no more my own master. 



33. VERBS of com- 3. VERBA com- 
paring, giving, declaring, parandi, dandi, nar- 
and taking away, govern randi, et auferendi* 
the dative with the 
cusative. 



datiimm cum 
accusative). 



ac- regnnt 



106 AN INTRODUCTION 

I compare Virgil to Homer. Compare* Virgilium Ho* 

mero. 

Give every man his own. Suum caique iribuito. 

You teil a story to a deaf man. Narras fabulam surdo* 

He rescued me from death. Eripuit me raorti. 

Give not up your mind to plea- Ne addicas animum re- 
sure. Ivptati. 

1. Verbs of COMPARING are, " comparo, compono, 
confero, aequo, aequiparo ;" also, " ant^pono, antefero, 
praepono, prsefero ; and, postpono, posthabeo, postfeio,' ? &x. 

2. Verbs of GIVING are, Ci do, tribuo, largior, praebeo, 
ministro, suggero, sfcppedito." To which add verbs of 
RESTORING ; as, '" reddo, restituo, retribuo, rependo, 
remetior ; of ACQUIRING, as, u quaero, acquiro, paro, 
pario ;" of PROMISING, as, u promitto, polliceor, reci- 
pio, «pondeo ;" also, debeo, solvo, assero, vindico, raitto,- 
reJinquo," and innumerable others. 

3. Verbs of DECLARING are, " narro, dico, memoro-,. 
loquor, nuncio, refero, declaro, aperio, expono, explico, 
significo, indico, monstro, ostendo," &,e. To which add 
verbs of DENYING; as, " nego, inficior ;" and CON- 
FESSING ; as,' 4 fateor, confiteor," &c. 

4. Verbs of TAKING AWAY are, « aufero,adimo, eri- 
pio, eximo, demo r surripio^ detraho, excutio^extorqueo/'&c. 

6. To these may be added a great many active verbs, 
compounded with the prepositions ad, in, ob,prce, sub, and 
innumerable other verbs that cannot be reduced to dis- 
tinct classes. In short, any active verb may govern the 
dative with the accusative, when together w r ith the thing 
done, is also signified the person or thing to or for whom 
©r which it is done. 

JV6t€ t. Comparo , confero, compono, instead of the dative, take fre- 
quently the ablative with cum ; as, Cic. Ut hominem, cum homine 
eomparetis. Sail. Dicta cum factis componere. Cic. Conferte hone 
pacem ciun Mo bello. 

Note 2. Verbs of TAKING AWAY, instead of the dative, have 
often the ablative with a, ab, de, e, or ex ; as, Ter. Auferre ab aliqiw, 
iriginta tninas. Cic. Eripitt nos ex mueriis. Plant. De magnis di- 
vitiis se quid demas, fyc. The preposition is sometimes suppressed ; 
as, Virg. Vagina eripit ensem. 

Note 3. The accusative is sometimes suppressed ; as, Suplicare 
alicui, sc. genua. Nubere alicui, sc. se vel vultum. Jmponere alicui t 
se. sarcinam vel ridiculi quidpiam. Dctrahere alicui, sc. laudem. Ig* 
noscerc alicui, sc. culpam } $•<•. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



JP7 



Sole 4. These verbs, hortor, invito, voco, provoco, animo, glimulo, 
conformo } lac£sso,instigo, iucito, suscito, allicio, pelticio and the like 
instead of u>e dative, take the accusative, with the preposition ad 7 qs 
sometimes in. 



1. The covetous man com- 
pares great things with small, 
and disregards every thing in 
comparison of money. Old 
men compare themselves with 
old men, and prefer retirement 
to business ; but boys generally 
postpone sexious matters to di- 
version. 

Fools compare themselves 
with great men, and prefer 
pleasure to virtue ; but wise 
men put themselves on a level 
with their inferiors, and prefer 
friendship to money ; they less 
value wealth than liberty, and 
prefer death to slavery. 

2. God hath given an erect 
countenance to man, bestowed 
on him many endowments of 

.mind, and granted him the earth 
for an habitation, which yields 
grass for cattle, affords flowers 
for bees, finds food for man, 
and furnishes fuel for fire. 

If this tyrant will not restore 
liberty to the citizens, return 
things to their owners, refund 
the money to the people, or re- 
pay to every one his own, the 
people ought to seek for them- 
selves another governor, and 
procure an enemy to their foe. 

This covetous fellow lays up 

xiches for others, but he will 

fjot gain praise to himself: he 

had lately betrothed his daugh- 

er to a gentleman, to whom he 



Aran/? compono mag 
nus parvus? et postpone 
omnis nummus. Senex 
comparo sui senex, et an- 
tefero otium mgotium ; 
at puer fere posthabeo sa- 
rins Indus. 



Stultus confer o sui mag* 
mis et proepono voluptas 
virtus ; sed sapiens aequo 
sui inferior, et proefero 
amicitia pecunia; postfero 
opis libertas, et antepono 
mors servitus. 

Deus do sublimis os ho- 
mo, tribuo is midtus dos 
animus, et largior is terra 
in domicilium,qui suggero 
gramen pecus, mhdstro 
flos apis, suppedito ali- 
mentum homo, et prcehev 
materia ignis. 

Si hie tyr annus nolo red- 
do libertas £ivis, restituo 
res dominussuus^retribuo 
pecunia poptdus, aut re- 
pendo qiiisque suns, popu- 
lus debeo qucero alius prce- 
jecius sui, atque acquire 
hostis inimicus sv.us. 

Hie avarus paro divi- 
tice alius , sed non pario 
laus sud : mi per spo?ideo 
fliavir, qui polliceo r am* 
plus dos ; sed non prcestt 



10$ 



AN INTRODUCTION 



lias promised a large portion ; 
but be will not perform what 
he has promised to him ; for 
he designs to leave a very great 
estate to his son. 

The .gentleman who used to 
send letters and presents to you, 
begins now to claim and assume 
high titles to himself you owe 
him a great sum, and it is not 
your part to pay him bad mo- 
ney instead of good ; you owe 
vour life to him. 

3. This man brings good news 
to us ; he has told the whole 
affair to his master, and has as- 
signed me the reason why he 
did so. I give credit to his 
words, for he does not use to 
tell a falsehood to any one, but 
speaks the truth to all ; in this 
affair he has behaved well, I 
will return nim the favour. 

It is the part of a fool to dis- 
cover his sentiments to every 
one, to unfold his thoughts to 
mockers, to expose his mistakes 
to enemies, or to open his ears 
to flatterers ; but we may disco- 
ver any thing to a true friend, 
or signify our mind to him by a 
letter. 

It is the part of a good man 
to show Hie way to him ihat 
wanders, and point out to him 
his road. It is also the part of a 
good man to confess his sins to 
God, and own his mistakes to 
men. But he does wickedly, 
who denies aid to his country, 
or refuses a legacy to the man 
40 whom the testator hath felt it; 



qui promitto is; nam 
statuo relinquo per mag- 
nus fuzreditasjilius. 



Vir qui soleo mitto lite- 
ra et munus fa, nunc inci- 
pio asseroet vindicomag- 
nus titulus sui ; debeo ille 
grandis pecunia, et non 
sum tuus solvois adulteri- 
nus nummus pro bonus ; 
debeo vita ille. 

Hie homo nuncio res Ice- 
tus ego ; narro omnis res 
domiuus, et memoro ego 
causa quare ita fac'w. 
Tribuo Jides verbum, non 
cnim soleo dico falus 
quivis, sed loquor return 
omnis ; hie in res ago 
bene, refero is gratia. 



Sum stultus declaro sen- 
ten tia suits quivis, explico 
cogitatio suus irrisur, ex- 
pono error sims inimicus 
aid aperio amis assenta- 
tor: at possum indico qui- 
vis res verus amicus, aut 
significo mens is per Lite r&, 

Sum bonus vir mon&tro 
via erram, e tost end o is it- 
er. Sum etiam bonus vir 
coiifiteor peccatum Deus, 
etfateor error homo. At 
improbefacio, qui nego o- 
pis patria, aut injicior le- 
gatum homo qui legator 
relinquo. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



100 



4. Pain takes away the enjoy- 
ments of pleasure from men, 
and often removes sleep from 
their eyes. Wine removes the 
load from an anxious spirit, and 
takes off the gloom from the 
brows.- But it is the property 
of philosophy ro remove error 
from the mind. 

Fortune often snatches away 
wealth from the rich, but she 
cannot .filch away honesty or 
probity from the virtuous. It 
is not easy, however, to extort 
money from a covetous man ; 
you will sooner wrest the cmb 
from Hercules. But you may 
-easily strike fire from a flint. 

5. A wise man suits himself to 
nature, and adds virtue to vir- 
tue ; but a fool gives up his 
mind to intemperance, and 
brings misery on his country : 
sometimes he turns robber, and 
puts a sword to the throat of 
his countrymen, he joins wick- 
ed fellows as comrades to him, 
and adds strength to the mischief. 

A brave man easily pardons 
others many things, himself no- 
thing ; he proclaims war against 
his lusts, but never desires to 
make war upon his country, or 
engage himself in civil broils ; 
he rather chooses to fasten his 
darts in the backs of enemies, 
to strike a terror into them, or 
to inflict punishment on crimi- 
nals. 

We ought to oppose a stout ' 
heart to hard fortune ; but we 
ought not to throw ourselves in- 
ly 



Dolor avfero f nidus 
volupias homo, et scepe ad- 
imo somnus oculus. Vi- 
num eximo onus solicitus 
animus, ct demo nubes su- 
percilium. Sed sum pro ■- 
prius philosophia detraho 
error mens. 

For tuna scepe eripio op is 
dives, at non possum sur- 
ripio honestas aut probitas 
bonus. Haudfacilis, ta- 
men, sum extorqueo pecu- 
nia avanis; cito extorqueo 
clava Hercules. Sed pos- 
sum facile excuiio ignis 
silex. 

Sapiens accommodo sui 
natura, et addo virtus vir- 
tus ;at siultus addico anim- 
us iniemperantia, et adfero 
calamiiaspatria, inter dum 
fto lairo, et admoveo gla- 
diusjuguhim civis, adjun- 
go pravus homo socius sui* 
et adjicio vires malum. 

Fort is vir facile ignosco 
alius multus, sui nihil; 
indico helium cupiditas 
suus, sed nunquam cupio 
infer o helium patria, aut 
iufero sui civ it is dissensio: 
malo infigo telum tergum 
host is, incut io terror Me, 
aut irrogo pazna peccans. 

Deheo oppono fort is pec- 
tus adversus res ; sed non 
debto objicio ego telum h#- 



110 



AN INTRODUCTION 



among (be darts of the enemy, 
ant! expose our life to danger 
without cause, especially now 
when night begins to spread 
darkness over the earth. 

The bees prepare meat for 
the winter ; and the kins: ought 
to imitate them, and provide 
those things that are neccessary 
for war or a siege ; he ought to 
set a general and lieutenants 
over his forces, and prescribe to 
every one his duty, that he may 
be able to prevent access to the 
enemy. 

The king being frighted, 
puts spurs to his horie, and 
withdraws himself from the bat- 
tle ; his army was routed and 
put to flight ; the cities and 
towns soon after began to sub- 
mit themselves to the conquer- 
or, to put their necks under his 
yoke, and subject themselves to 
his government. • 

Gold and poverty have often 
persuaded men to bad things ; 
but I give thanks to God, that 
my brother has done you no 
wrong: I give credit to the 
words of the messenger more 
than to yours ; I will not shut 
my ears to the truth. 

God, who has threatened 
most dreadful punishment to the 
wicked, commands us to set 
bounds to our desires, and give 
a check to lust; let us, therefore, 
lend a patient ear to his admo- 
nitions ; let us not devote our- 
selves to pleasure, nor give up 
ourselves to sloth or idleness. 



stfe, et offero caput peri- 
culum sine causa, prczser- 
tim nunc cum nox incipio 
offundo caligo terra. 

Apis prceparo cibus hi* 
ems ; et rex debeo imitor 
is, et paro is qui sum re- 
cessarius helium aid obsi- 
dio ; debeo praficio dux et 
legatits copies et prcescribo 
•unusquisque munia suus. 
ut possum prcecludo aditus 
hostis. 

Rex te rritus, subdo cal- 
car equus, et subtraho sui 
pugna ; exercitus is f undo 
fugoque ; urbs et oppidum 
mox ccepi submitto sui vie- 
tor, suppono collum ju- 
gum, et subjicio suiimpc- 
rium is. 



Jiurum et paupertas sc&- 
pe suadeo malum homo ; 
sed ago gratia Deus, quod 
f rater me us facto tu nid- 
lus injuria : habeo fides 
verbum nuncius magis 
quam tuus ; nolo claudo 
auris Veritas. 

Deus, qui minor gravis 
supplicium impius, jubeo 
ego statuo modus cupido 
noster, et injicio froenum 
libido; commodo , igitur , 
patiens auris monitum is; 
ne dedo ego voluptas, ne- 
quo trado egomet secordia 
aut ignctpid. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



"ill 



Note 4. The general con- 
formed himself to the inclination 
of the prince, and called the 
rogues before him ; they had 
provoked us to anger, had chal- 
lenged us to a combat, had spi- 
rited up others to the same 
crime, and spurred them on to 
arms. The next day, however, 
the general invited them all to 
a feast, and exhorted them to 
peace. 

The love of praise rouses 
men to their duty, disposes their 
minds to industry, and incites 
them to glorious actions. But 
the love of money prompts men 
to villainous practices, allures 
them to wickedness, and entices 
maids to dishonesty. 

IT When Eumenes understood 
these things, be called his sol- 
diers together, and first he gives 
them thanks, that none was found 
who preferred the hopes of a 
bloody reward to the obligation 
of his oath ; then he cunningly 
subjoins, that he had forged 
these letters, that he might try 
their affections. 

After -this Alexander invites 
his friends to a feast ; where, 
when mention was made of the 
things which Philip his father 
had done, he began to prefer 
himself before his father, and 
to extol the greatness of his 
own exploits to heaven, whilst 
the greater part of the guests 
said as he said. 

When the ambassadors of the 
Athenians came to Alcibiades, 
he promised them the king's 



Dux conformo sui ad 
voluntas rex, et scelcstus 
ad sui voco ; lacesso ego 
ad ira, provoco ego ad 
cert amen, animo alius ad 
idem crimen, et stimulo is 
ad arma. Postridie, ta~ 
men, dux invito omnis ad 
epulcB, ei hortor is ad pax. 



Amor laus suscito homo 
ad ojficiuni situs, incline 
animus ad diligentia, et 
incito is ad prczclanisfa- 
cmus. Scd amor nummus 
instigo vir in malus ars, 
allicio is ad nequitia, et 
pellicio vir go ad stuprum. 
Cum Eumenes cognosco 
hie , convoco miles, ei pri- 
mo ago is gratia, quod 
nemo invenio qui antepo- 
no spes cruentus prcemU 
um fides sacramentum ; 
turn collide subnecto sui 
confingo hie ep is tola, ut 
experior animus. . 

Post hie, Alexander v or 
co amicus ad convivium ; 
ubiy cum mentio orior res 
qui Philippics pater is ge- 
ro, empi prwfero sui pater, 
et extollo magnitudo res 
suits ccelum temis, dam 
magnus pars conviva as- 
senior. 



Cum legatus Athenien- 
sis venio ad Alcibiades. 
poUiceor is amicitia rex 



rig 



AN INTRODUCTION 



friendship, if the government, sirespublicatranslaiusja- 
should be transferred from the remapopulus ad senatus* 
people to tbe senate. The A- Atheniensis, quod pericu* 
fhenians because the danger of him bellum is im?nineo y 
the war hung over them, had a sum magnus cur a salus 
greater caie for their safety than quam dignitas ; itaque 
honour; wherefore the govern- itnperium transfero ad seg- 
ment is transferred to the senate, natus. 

The coming of the Cartha- Adventus Carthaginien- 
ginians into Sicily recalled Dio- sis in Sicilia revoco Dio- 
ny sius the tyrant, out of Italy, nysius tyrannus ex Italia. 
Han no the Carthaginian was Hanno Cartha giniensis 
general of that war, whose ene- sum dux is helium, qui ini~ 
my, Suniatus the most power- miens, Suniatus potens 
ful of the Carthaginians, en- Pcentts, Conor pramuncio 
deavoured to give notice of his adventus is Dionysius ; 
coming to Dionysius ; but Han- sed Hanno ccmprehendo 
no intercepted the letter, and literce, et damno Suniatus 
condemned Suniatus of treach- proditio. 
ery. 

Virginius w r eeping said never Virginius Jlens mitto 
a word a longtime ; at last he mdlus vox diu ; tandem 
lifted up his hands to Heaven tendo manus ad caelum, et 
and begged his fellow-soldiers oro commilito ne attribuo 
that they would not ascribe the scelus Apjnus Claudius 
villany of Appius Claudius to sui ; ne aver sor sui ut par- 
him ; that they would not abhor ricida liberi. Dico is vita 
him as the murderer of his filia sum carus sui suns. 
children. He told them, that 
the life of his daughter was 
dearer to him than his own. 

After Alexander, Arrybas's Postqiiam Alexander, 
stepson, and brother of Olym- Arrybaspricignus,etfra- 
pias, was come to the age of ter Olynipias,pervenio ad 
twenty years, Philip, king of aztas viginti annus, Phi- 
Macedonia, took the kingdom lippus y rex Macedonia, 
of Epire from Arrybas, and eripio regnum Epirus Ar~ 
gave it to the youth ; being rybas, et do puer ; see- 
wicked towards both : for he lestus in uterque ; nam 
did not observe the laws of affi- non servo jus cognatio in 
nity towards him from whom is qui adimo regnum, ei 
be took the kingdom, and he facio is qui do impudU 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



IK 



Maeedo. sed is eiiam. 



Totus fere oriens con- 
siiiiw ditifMs koncr 
templum Jason ; qui, post 



made him to whom he gave it cue, ciniequam facio rex. 

a debauchee, before he made 

him a king. ■ 

Alexander commends the Alexander laudo jutes 
loyalty of the Persians, as well Perssce turn in pristirma 
to their former kings as to him- rex turn in sui. Admo- 
self. He puts them in mind of neo is beneficium suus in 
his kindness to them, how he is, ut 7iunquam habeo is 
had never treated them as -a quasi victus,^ sed veluti 
conquered people, but as the •sociiis victoria; et nunc 
companions of his victory ; and aio, sui credo custodia 
now he says, that he would corpus suus, non, tantum 
trust the guard of his person, 
not only to the Macedonians, 
but to them too. 

Almost all the east appoint- 
ed divine honours and temples 
for Jason ; which after many 

years, Parmenio, a general of multus annus, Parmenio, 
Alexander the great, ordered to dux Alexander magnus, 
be pulled down, lest, the name juheo diruo, ?ie nomen 
of any one should be more ven- quisquam sum veneralnlis 
erable in the east than the name in oriens nomen AlextM* 
of Alexander. After the death der. Post mors Jason, 
of Jason, Medius his son built Medhts is fiHvs condo 
the city Medea, in honour of urbs Medea in honor ma- 
his mother. ter. 

The Athenians, therefore, Atheniensis, igitur, ad~ 
against ro great a storm of war versus tardus tempesias 
chose two generals, Pericles, a helium, deligo duo dux, 
man of tried conduct, and So- Pericles, vir svectatus 
phocles, the writer of tragedies ; virtus, et Sophocles, scrip- 
who both laid waste the lands tor tragatdia; quiet vast o 
of the Spartans, and added ma- ager Spananus, et adji- 
ny cities of Achaia to the em- c io multus civiias Ackaia 
pire of the Athenians. This 
affair procured to the generals 
the love of the citizens. 

Wherefore, as all the preten- 
ders were invited to the wed- 



imperium Atheniensis. h 
res concilio dux amor ci- 
vis. 

Itaque, cum omnis pro- 

cus invito ad nupUoe. 

ding, the Grecian strangers are Craicus hospes rogo ei am 



desired likewise to the feast; ad conviv 

K-.i 



deinda 



114 



AN INTRODUCTION 



then the young lady being in- go iiitroductus, jubeo a 
troduced, was ordered by her pater porrigo aqua is, qui 
father to deliver water to him, eligo vir. Ille conversus 
whom she chose for her hus- ad Grcecus, porrigo aqua. 
band. She turning to the Greeks, Protis, qui postea condo 
delivers the water to Protis, who Massilia prope ostium 
afterwards built Messilia nigh amnis Rhodanus. 
the mouth of the River Rhone. 

Claudius Csesar made war Claudius Casar infer o 
upon Britain, which none of bellum Britannia, qui nul- 
the Romans after Julius Caesar lus Rornanus post Julius 
had meddled with; he added Ccesarattingo; addoetiam 
likewise some islands lying in quidam insula positus in 
the ocean beyond Britain to the oceanus ultra Britannia 
Roman empire, which are call- Rornanus imperium, qui 
ed the Orkneys, and gave the appello Orcades, impono- 
name of Britannicus to his son. que nomen Britannicus 

Jilivs suns. 
Vespasian was a prince of Vespasianus sum prin- 
most charming goodness, as who ceps placidus bonitas, ut 
did not easily punish those qui non facile funio reus 
guilty of treason against him majestas contra sui ultra 
beyond the pa to of banishment; P^ na exiliumi sed sum 
but he was too greedy of money avidinpecunia, tamen,iia 
yet so that he took it from no- 
body unjustly, and bestowed it 
very liberally on people in want. 
He added two very potent na- 
tions, twenty towns, a no the hie 
r>f Wight near Britain, to the 
Roman empire. Under him too perium. Sub hie quoque 
Juden was added to the Rotnan Judea aec&to Rornanus 
empire, and Jerusalem, the imperium, et Hu osoty- 
most famous city oi Palestine. 

Cyrus takes Sybaris, and re- 
turns to Persepolis ; where he 

called the people together, and «W convoco populu*, et 
orders them all to "be ready jubfse omnis prasto sum 
with hatchets, and cut down the cur.i securis, et excido syl- 
wood which hung over the va qui immiaeo via ; qid 



ut aufero is nullus injuste y 
et largior is studiose indi- 
gens. Adjicio-duo vaiidus 
gens, viginti oppidum, et 
insiila Vectte proximus 
Britannia, R.omanus im- 



ma, ciarusurbs Patestina* 

Cytm asbiimo Sybaris y 

ct vegredior Persepolis ; 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



115 



highways ; which when they 
had readily done, he invites 
them all to a feast the day after. 

AnnibaPs advice pleased king 
Antiochus ; wherefore one of 
AnnibaPs companions is sent 
into Africa to the Carthaginians, 
to encourage them to the war, 
and tell them that Aunibal 
would come presently with an 
army ; that nothing was want- 
ing but the countenance of the 
Carthaginians. 

While ail were amazed at 
the cruel tyranny of Aristoti- 
mus, HelleniciH, an old man, 
who had no children, gathers 
together his friends, and exhorts 
them to the delivery of their 
country. They conspire to- 
gether against the tyrant's life, 
and Aristotimus is taken off* 

It is a commendable thing for 
a boy to apply his mind to the 
study of good letters ; they will 
be always useful to him, they 
will procure him the favour and 
love of good men, which those 
that are wise value more than 
riches and pleasure. 



cum strenue facio, invito 
omnis ad epulumpostridie- 

Annibal consilium pla- 
eeo rex Antiochus ; quart 
unus ex comes Annibal 
mitto in Africa ad Car- 
thaginiensis, ut ho r tor is 
ad helium et nuncio An- 
nibal mox venio cum ex- 
ercitus ; nihil desum nisi 
an imus Carthaginiensis* 

Cum omnis stupeo ad 
scevus dominatio Aristoti- 
mus, Hellenicus, senex y 
qui nullus liberi sum, con- 
traha amicus suus, et hor- 
tor is ad vindicta patria. 
Conjuro in caput tyr annus 
et Aristotimus dpprimo* 

Laudabilis mm puer 
adjungo animus ad studi- 
um bonus litera ; sum 
semper utilis ille, concilio 
ille favor et amor bonus,* 
qui qui sapio cestimo plus 
quam divitioz et voluptas. 



God has bestowed upon all his creatures some arms or weapons 
for their defence : To the birds he has given wings, to the lions- 
strength ; horns to bulls ; stings to the bees ; and to man he hath 
given wisdom, which is a more excellent weapon, and sharper than 
a two edged sword. 

Do not, says Hanno, give yourselves up to an immoderate joy - T 
Mago deceives you. They are only imaginary triumphs he promises 
you. If we are to believe him., Annibal has cut the Roman armies 
to pieces ; why, therefore, does he ask more soldiers ? He has twice 
taken and plundered the Roman camp ; he is ioaded with booty : 
why, therefore, should we send him mote money and provisions. The 
|to mans do not desire peace, and consequently are not so much hum- 
bled as he would persuade us, Let us not exhaust ourselves merely 
to satisfy AiiuibaJ's pride, 



116 AN INTRODUCTION 

When Caius, a Roman nobleman, had beaten Pyrrhus > kingof E^ 
pire, and driven him out of Italy, he dividedsome lands among his 
soldiers; to every man he distributed four acres, and reserved no 
more for himself ; for none, said he, ought to be a general, who will 
not be content with the share of a common soldier ; I would rather, 
quoth he, rule over rich men, than be rich myself. 

There are a great many miseries, to which nothing but death can 
give relief. Death puts an end to the sorrows of the afflicted and 
oppressed ; it sets the prisoner at liberty ; it dries up the tears of the 
widows and fatherless : it eases the complaints of the hungry and 
naked ; it tames the proudest tyrants ; and puts an end to all our la- 
bours. 



* 34. VERBS of ask- 3. VERBA ro- 
ing and teaching admit of gandi et docendi duos 
two accusatives, the first admittunt accusativos, 
of a person, and the se- priorem personce, po- 
cond of a thing. sterioremrei. 

Beg pardon of God. Posce Deum veniam. 

He taught me grammar. Docuit me grammaiicam. ■ 

1. Verbs of ASKING are, " rogo, oro, exoro, obsecro, 
u precor, posco, reposco, flagito." 

2. Verbs of TEACHING are, " doceo, edoceo, dedo- 
u ceo, crudio." 

Note 1. The verb celo also governs two accusatives ; as Cela hanc 
rem uxor em, conceal this affair from your wife. But we also say, 
Celo te de hat re, and celo tibi hanc rem. 

Note 2. Verbs of ASKING often change the accusative of the 
person into the ablative, with a. ab, or abs ; as Plant. Ab amico tfr- 
gentum rages. Cic. Quid studia a te fiagitent tu lidebis. Virg. Ve- 
niam oremus ah ipso. Plaut. Res quctdam est, quam volo ego me abs 
te exorare. 

Noie3. Verbs of TEACHING frequently change the accusative 
of the thing into the ablative with de, as Cic. Quid est tarn arrogans, 
quam de rebus divinis collegium pontificum docere ? Sail, de itintre 
hustiam senatum edocet. 

Note 4. We say, instruo, iiulituo. formo, informo, imbuo, aliqutm 
artibus, generally without any preposition. 

Note 5. Other verbs are sometimes found construed with two 
accusatives; as, Ter. Argentum } quod hates, condonamwr te. Cic- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



H7 



Literas ad te, a consult, non qua It aliquid juberent, sumpshnus. — • 
Ter. Scin, quod ego te voltbam. Sail. Mult a prius de salute sua 
Pomptinum obtcstatus. 

J\"ote 6. The accusative of the thing is not governed by the verb, 
but by ad, quod ad, secundum, circa, &c. understood. 



1. When I ask money of you 
without a pawn, you say I have 
none. 

This one thing I beg of you, 
that you would give over lying ; 
grant that 1 may obtain this fa- 
vour of you. 

We all beg peace of you, the 
soldiers beseech this of you, the 
general himself intreats this of 
you. 

He ordered that they should 
go to Verres and demand of 
him the statue of Ceres and 
Victory. 

I have a bounteous stock of 
natural sense, and the rich court 
me though poor ; I importune 
the gods for nothing more, nor 
do I dun my potent friend for 
greater things. 

2. Poverty teaches some men 
temperance, and makes them 
relinquish their former fashions, 
but those men act wisely, who 
ask life, health and subsistence 
of God. 

Minerva taught Telemachus 
all her arts, she taught him the 
laws and precepts of war. 

Note 4. Instruct this boy in 
the Greek and Latin languages 
he is a youth of extraordinary 
hopes, and of the highest vir- 
tue ; instruct him in all the arts 



Cum rogo tu nummus 
' sine pignus, non habeo y 
inquam. 

Hie imus tu oro, ut ds- 
sino merit ior ; sine ut ex- 
oro tu hie venia. 

Pax tu posco omnisy 
miles tu hie obsecro } dux 
ipse hie tuprecor. 

Jubeo ut adeo ad Verres y 
et reposeo is simulacrum 
Ceres et Victoria* 

Sum ego benignus vena 
ingenium, divesque ego 
peto pauper ; lacesso de- 
us nihil supra, nee J! a gi to * 
potens amicus largus. 

Egestas doceo aliquis 
temperantia et dedoceo 
is prior mos ; sed hie hor 
mo ago prudenter, qui 
rogo deus vita, saius, et 
v ictus. 

Minerva edoceo Tele- 
machus omnis ars suns, 
enidio is lex pr&ceptum- 
que helium. 

Instituo hie puer Gr&- 
cus et Latinus litem, sum 
adolescens eximius spes> 
et swnmiis virtus ; instruo 
Me omnis ars qui tu ipse 



ns 



AN INTRODUCTION 



which you yourself have studi- 
ed ; and this I chiefly beg of 
you, that you season his mind 
with piety. 

IF The people conferred on 
him the sovereignty ; they did 
not take the advice of the more 
elderly, nor ask them their 
opinion. Thus whilst they are 
angry at the senate's power 
they deliver themselves, with 
their wives and children, into 
slavery ; wherefore the tyrant 
seizes sixty senators, lays them 
in chains, and threatens them 
with death. 

After they all with tears had 
begged peace with the king, he 
replied, if they would give him 
pledges, that he might know 
they would do the things which 
they had promised, and if they 
would satisfy his allies and 
neighbours for the injuries 
which they had done him, that 
he would make peace with them. 
Vitellius, bent on the death 
and punishment of almost every 
one, cut off a great many no- 
blemen ; he scarcely spared any 
of the usurers and publicans, 
who had ever demanded of him 
a debt or duty ; he put to death 
also some of the commons, be- 
cause they had cursed the blue 
faction. 

After him, Marcus Antonius 
held the government alone, a 
man of the most frank generos- 
ity, whom all men admired : 
he was trained up to philosophy 
by Apollonius ; to the knowledge 



studeo ; et hie preesertvm 
iu oro, ut animus ispietas 
imbuo. 

Plebs defero is summits 
imperium ; non consulo 
senior ', neque rogo is sen- 
tentia suns. Ita dum 
irascor senatus potentia, 
trado sui. cum conjux et 
liberi, in serviius ; itaque 
tyr annus comprehendo 
sexaginta senutor, com- 
pingo in vinculum, et mi- 
nor Me 7nors. . 

Postquam omniscum la- 
eryma posco rex pax, re- 
spondeo^ si do sui obses 9 
utintelligo is facio is qui 
polliceor, et si satisfa* 
cio socius etfinitimus suus 
de injuria qui inf era ipse, 
sui facio pax cum is. 



Vitelhus , promts ad nex 
at que supplicium fere 
quisque.occido multus no- 
li lis vir ; vix parco ullus 
f Generator publicanus que, 
qui wiquamjlagitd sui de- 
bitum aut portorium ; in- 
terimo et quidam de plebs 
quod maledico venetusf ac- 
tio. 

Post is. Marcus Antoni- 
us teneo respublica solus, 
vir promptiis liberaliias, 
qui omnis miror ; instituo 
ad philo sophia per apollo- 
nnis ; ad scientia Grcpcu* 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



IIS 



of the Greek tongue by Sextus, 
the grand son of Plutarch ; 
FronTo the orator taught him the 
Latin tongue. 

Pythagoras taught the mat- 
rons chastity, and complaisance 
to their husbands ; he taught 
the boys modesty, and the study 
of letters ; amidst these things 
he inculcated upon all frugality 
as the mother of virtues ; he 
recommended tempera nee, and 
recounted every day the mis- 
chiefs of luxury So great was 
the admiration of this man, that, 
after his death, they made a 
temple of his house, and wor- 
shipped him for a god. 

Catiline taught the youth 
whom he had seduced, many 
w r icked practices ; for as every 
one's fancy, according to their 
age was fired, he furnished 
whores to some, bought dogs 
and horses for others ; in short 
he spared neither expense nor 
his own modesty, provided he 
c-ould make them subject and 
trusty to him. 



liteta per Sextus, nepos 
Plutarchus; Fronto ora- 
tor do ceo is Latinus lit- 
er a. 

Pythagoras doceo ma- 
trona pudicitia, et obse- 
quium in vir ; doceo puer 
modestia, et studium lit- 
em ; inter hie ingero om- 
nisfntgalitas, velut gene- 
trix virtus ; laudo tempe- 
rantia, et enumero quoti- 
die vitium luxuria. Tan- 
tits sum admiralio hie vir > 
nt, post mors is, faciei t 
templum ex domus is, co- 
loque is pro dens, 

Canlina edoceo juven- 
ilis qui illicio, multus ma- 
ins f acinus ; nam uti quis- 
que studium, ex cetasjla- 
gro , prce beo sco rtum alius P 
mercor canis at que equus 
.alius; postremo, parce 
neque sumptus neque mo- 
destia suits, dumfacio ille, 
obnoxius fdusque sui. 



Solomon asked wisdom of God ; and God said unto him, because 
thou hast asked this thing, and hast not asked of me long lite, nor 
riches, nor the lite of thine enemies, behold I have done according to 
thy word ! Lo ! I have given thee a wise and understanding hearty 
and have also given thee that which thou hast not asked, riches and 
honour. 

Before Jove, no husbandman manured the fields ; the earth of it- 
self produced every thing. But now, sturdy steers turn up the soil,, 
harrows break the sluggish clods, and the swains pray to the gods for 
moist summers and serene winters. 

When Hercules killed the giants Albion and Bergion. his arrows 
were wasted in the fight, so that he wanted arms ; wherefore he 
begged aid of Jupiter, and obtained froni h v m a shower of stones. 

Teach thy son obedience, and he shall bless thee : teach him tern- ■ 



12© AN INTRODUCTION 

perance, and he shall have health ; teach him prudence, and fortune 
shall attend him ; teach him science, and his life shall be useful ; 
teach him religion, and his death shall be happy. 



# 35. Verbs of filling, 5. Verba implendi, 
loading, binding, depriv- onerandi, astringendi, 
ing, clothing, and some privandi, vestiendi, et 
others, require the accu- qucedam alia, accusa- 
tive with the ablative. tivum cam ablative* 

petunt. 

He filled the bowl with wine. Imphiit pateram mere. 

They load the ship with gold. Navem oiwrant auro. 

He bound Gaul in fetters. Vinculis Galliam astrin* 

xit. 

He deprived his father of life. Patrem vita privavit. 

He clothed the wall with pic- Parhtcmtabulisvestiebat. 

tures. 

He exchanges squares for Muiat quadratarotundis. 

rounds. 

We present you with this pipe. Hac te donamus cicuta. 

You give me great joy. Aflitis me magna loetitia. 

I. Verbs of FILLING are, " 'mpleo, compleo, expleo, 
t; repleo ? saturo, obsaturo, satio, reforcio, ingurgito, dito," 
and the like. 

i\ Verbs of LOADING are, " onero, cumulo, premo, 
11 opprimo, operio, obruo :" to which add, verbs of UN- 
LOADING; such as, " levo, exonern." 

3. Verbs of BINDING are, u astringo, alligo, devincio, 
(i impedio, irretio, illaqueo," <kc. to which add verbs of 
LOOSING ; such as, " solvo, exsolvo, libero, laxo. 
" expedio." 

4. Verbs of DEPRIVING are, " privo, nudo, orbo :" 
to which add verbs of SPOILING ; such as ; " spolio, 
u fraudo, emungo." 

6. Verbs of CLOTHING are, " vestio, amicio, induo, 
ft cingo, tego, velo, corono, calceo :" to which add their 
contraries, " exuo, discingo." 

6. The other verbs belonging to this rule are, u muto, 
u dono. munero, remunero, comrnunico, pasco, beo, im= 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 121 

M pertior, dignor, aflicio, prosequor, spargo, incesso, insec- 
f< tor, oblecto," and the like. 

Kote 1. Impleo, compleo, and txpleo, sometimes fakes the accusa- 
tive and genitive ; as, Liv. Adolcscenicm suoz itmeritalis impkf. 
Plaut. Erroris itlos, et dementia compkbo. Virg. Animumquc c£ 
plesse juvabii ui trie is flam dice. And among the more ancient authors, 
also, saturo and obsaluro : as. Plant. Hce res vilx me saturant. And 
hence their passives sometimes retain the genitive ; as, Virg. Im- 
'olentur velcris Bacchi. Cic Cum computus japt mercatorum career 
csset. Lucret. Sanguinis expletis naribus. Ter 1st i us obsaiurabere. 

Xole2. These passive verbs of clothing, induor. amicior,vc 
cingor, accingor ; also, exuor, disci?igor, and their participles, have 
frequently the accusative with the poets ; as, Ovid. Induitur facicm 
cult unique Dianai. Virg. Inutile ferrum cingitur. Id. Exuvias inch/.- 
tus Achillei. Claud. Canas vestita nives. Sil. Exuta pudorem. But 
with prose authors they have the ablative; as. Curt. Vesie Arabic a 
induitur. Liv. Hispano cingitur gladio. Cic. Pallium quo amid us. Tac , 
Exutus omnibus fortunis. 

JYb/e 3. Pascor dep. instead of the ablative, sometimes takes the 
accusative ; as, Virg. Pascuntur sytuas. 

JVote 4. The ablative is not governed by the verbs belonging to 
this rule, but by some preposition understood ; such as, a, ab, de % 
c, ex, cum. pro ; and which are sometimes expressed ; as. Mart. 
Deflava loculos implere moneta. Cic. Arcemurbis ab incendio libera^'. 
Liv. Laxare animum a laboribus. Caes. Solvere naves eportu. Sail. 
Mutare bellum pro pace. Plin. Mentionem alicujus cum (wnore sum- 
?no prosequi. When the passive verbs of clothing take the accusative, 
ad. quoad, orper. is understood. And when any verb belonging to 
this rule takes the genitive, some ablative, such as, re, negotio, causa, 
or the like, with a preposition, is understood. 

JVoie 5. Several of these ablatives may be referred to the cau-C'i 
manner or instrument, of which in No. 53. 

1. The tyrant filled his coun- Tyr annus impleo vat Ha 

try with blood and slaughter, he sanguis et cades* repleo 

filled the city with havock and civitas strages et interne- 

carnage, he filled every house cio, compleo omnis domus 

with mourning, which filled luitus, qui rcfercio homo 

men's ears with dismal stories. auris dims rumor. 

After he had satiated himself Postquam expleo sui 

with revenge, after he had irftio, postquam satio sui 

glutted himself with slaughter, cades, postquam saturo 

after he had satiated himself sui sanguis civ is^accumbo 

with the blood of citizens, he epulum, et ingurgito sui 

sat down to a feast, and glutted cibus potusque. 
himself with meat and drink. 

L 



|2£ 



AN INTRODUCTION 



2. After they had loaded the 
^altar with presents, they dis- 
burden themselves of cares, and 
load the ships with arms and 
provision, and sailing out of the 
harbour, they covered the whole 
sea with their fleet. 

But iEolus, who controls the 
winds with imperial sway, had 
resolved, when night should 
cover the earth with darkness, 
to bury them under the waves, 
whilst there should be none at 
hand that could relieve their 
minds from the distress. 

3. You will easily gain over 
jgood men hy acts of kindness ; 
but it is necessary to tie up 
some men by laws, to bind 
others with chains, that they 
may not obstruct the public 
good by their private quarrels. 

The wicked endeavour to 
ensnare others with the allure- 
ments of vice ; but they can- 
not disengage themselves from 
troubles or extricate themselves 
from sorrows ; for though for- 
tune sometimes delivers them 
from punishment, she never 
frees them from fear. 

4. This new philosophy de- 
prives us of our rest, despoils 
us of our judgment, bereaves 
us of our senses ; it cheats the 
young men out of their diver- 
sions, cozens the old men out 
of their money, nay, it robs the 
temples of presents. 

5. The ancients used to clothe 
their bodies with the skins of 
wild beasts, and to cover the 



Postquam amnio al- 
tar e donum, exonero sui 
cara, et onero fiavis anna 
et commeatus, et egressus 
e partus operio totus pe- 
lagus classis. 

At JEolus, qui ventus 
imperium premo, statuo } 
cum nox obruo terra tene- 
brce, opprimo is jluctuSj 
dum nullus adsum qui levo 
animus cegritudo. 



Facile devincio bonus 
benejicium ; at nccesse sum 
ligo quidam lex, astringo 
alius vinculum, niimpedio 
bonum publicus privatus 
simultas. 

Mains coner irretio a- 
lius illecebrce vitium ; at 
non possum laxo sui mole- 
stia, out expedio sui cerum- 
na ; licet enimfortuna in- 
terdum libero is supplici- 
unij nunquam solvo is trier 
tus. 

Hie novus philosophia 
privo ego quies, spolio ego 
judicium, orbo ego sensus; 
fraudo adolescens oblecta- 
mentum, emungo senex 
argentum, imo nudofa- 
num donum. 

Vetusius soleo vestio 
corpus spolium fera, et 
xelo dclubrum dens from ; 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



138 



temples of the gods with 
boughs ;. but men now clothe 
themselves with garments of 
silk, even when winter has co- 
vered the earth with snow. 

The Athenians used to crown 
their conquerors with olive, or 
bedeck the temples of their 
heads with laurel, when they 
had forced an enemy from their 
camp, or saved a citizen by 
their arms ; they used also to 
crown their poets with ivy or 
laurel ; they shod their come- 
dians with sandals, and their 
tragedians with buskins. 

6. The man who doth not 
pursue his enemy with curses, 
nor maul him with darts, but ex- 
changes resentment for friend- 
ship, is worthy to be loved. 
The poets will present him with 
immortality, they will reward 
him with encomiums, they will 
extol him with honour, and ce- 
lebrate him with praises. O- 
thers will enrich him with g\(ts 9 
and entertain him at their table. 

That fellow bestrews the 
ground with leaves, he feeds 
himself with herbs, and amuses 
himself with trifles ; I will not 
compliment him with a saluta- 
tion, I will not dignify him with 
such an honour. 

II Some men value reputa- 
tion more than riches, or life 
itself; wherefore the tyrant, 
while he thinks himself despi- 
sed, is in a rage, and resolves 
to fill the city with slaughter 5 



at nunc homo induo sui 
sericuS vestimentu)n,etiam> 
cum bruma amicio terra 
nix. 

Atheniemis soleo corono 
victor olea, aut cingo tem~ 
pus laurus, cum eocuo hos- 
tis castra, aut tego civis 
anna ; soleo etiam corono 
poeta Jiedera aut laurus ; 
comcedus calceo soccus, et 
tragaedus cothurnus. 



Vir qui non insect or 
inimicus maledictum, aut 
incesso isjaculum, sed mu- 
to ira amicitia, sum dig' 
nus amo. Poeta dono is 
ceternitas, remuneror is 
elogium, officio is honor, 
et prosequor is la us. Alius 
beo is munusy et communis 
co is mensa. 



Iste homo spar go humus 

folium, pasco suiherba, et 

oblecto suinugce; ego non 

impertior is salus, hand 

dignor is talis honor. 



Quidam aistimo fama 
plus quam divitice, aut vi- 
ta ipse ; itaque tyrannus, 
dumputo sui contemno,sce,~ 
vioj et statuo repleo civi- 
tas c&des; sed de nihilum 



124 



AN INTRODUCTION 



but it was to no purpose to be 
angry with those who did not 
value him a rush. 

When Alcibiades returned, 
the Athenians loaded him not 
only with all human honour, 
but divine ; they compensaled 
bis losses with presents : they 
had not the unfortunate battle 
of Sicily in their mouths, but 
the conquest of Greece : nor did 
they make mention of Syracuse, 
but of Ionia and the Hellespont. 
After he had obliged the 
neighbouring princes with acts 
of kindness and complaisance, 
be lays a plot for his sister's son, 
Tvhom he resolves to deprive 
of life and of his possessions; 
and he would have robbed him 
of his kingdom, had not a muti- 
ny of the soldiers ensued, whom 
he had cheated of their pay. 

At Alasia, Cssar crew two 
ditches fifteen feet broad, the 
innermost of which he filled 
with water conveyed from the 
river. This the enemy after 
wards endeavoured to cover 
over with hurdles, and fill up 
with the rampart. 

Varro says, that he had a 
lioness of marble, and winged 
Cupids sporting with her, some 
of which were holding her tied 
fast, others were forcing her to 
drink out of a horn, others were 
shoeing her with sandals, and 
that all were of one stone. 

Such was the slaughter of the 
scattered soldierj, that the 
Athenians sustained more dam- 



siim irascor ille qfti* is 
nonfoccus facto. 

Cum Alcibiades redeo, 
Atheniensis onero is nan 
tantum omnis humanus 
honor, sed divinus; expleo 
detrimentum munus : non 
ilk in ossum adversus pug- 
na Sicilia, sed victoria 
Grcecia ; nee Syracusaz, 
sed Ionia , Hellespontus- 
que, memini. 

Pnstquam devinciofni- 
timus rex beneficium et 
obsequium, sororfilius in- 
sidice instruo, qui statuo 
privovita et possesio ; et 
spolio is regnum, ni sedi~ 
tio miles insequor, qui 
stipen diumfraudo . 



A pud Alesia, Ccssarper^ 
duco duo fossa quinde- 
cim pes latus, qui interior 
compleo aqua ex flmnen 
derivatus. Hie host is pos- 
tea conor intego crates 
at que expleo agger. 

Varro trado, sui habeo 
leazna marmorius, aliger- 
que Cupido ludens cum is, 
qui alius teneo is religa- 
tus, alius co go is bibo ex 
cornu, alius calceo is soc- 
cus, et omnis sum ex unus 
lapis. 

Tantus sum ccedes pa* 
lans miles, ut Atheniensis 
accipio plus vulnus in is 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



125 



age in that battle, than they had 
caused in the former ; and so 
great was the despair among 
the Athenians, that immediate- 
ly they changed their general 
Alcibiades for Conon. 

If 1 shall only touch upon the 
most considerable virtues of 
Pelopidas, I fear, lest it may 
less plainly appear to those ig- 
norant of the Greek tongue 
how great a man he was : after 
his death the cities of Thessaly 
complimented his children with 
a great deal of land. 

He was glad that his rival 
was forced into banishment, 
and rejoiced at his misfortune ; 
but never did an exile affect 
the eyes of beholders with 
greater compassion : his ene- 
mies indeed filled the palace 
with shoutings, but the people 
bedecked his statues with flow- 
ers. 

The Germans do not mind 
husbandry, and the greater part 
of their food consists in milk, 
and cheese, and flesh : nor has 
any one a certain portion of land 
or distinct boundaries, lest, tak- 
en with the pleasantness of fields, 
they should exchange the stu- 
dy of war for agriculture. 

Two brothers, kings of Thrace, chose Philip king of Macedonia, 
umpire of their differences ; but Philip at first filled their minds 
with vain hopes, at last he bound both princes with chains, robbed 
them of their kingdom, and stripped them of all their possessions. 

The Chimaera, according to the poets, is a monster which vomiteth 
forth fire ; he hath the head and breast of a lion, the beliy of a goat 
and the tail of a dragon. A volcano in Lycia gave occasion to this 
fable ; for in the top of the mountain were lioiis, the middle of it 
abounded with goats, and the bottom of it was full of serpents, 

L2 



prcelium, quam do in su- 
perior ; et tantits sum de- 
sperado apud Atheniensis, 
ut statim muto dux Alci- 
biades Conon. 

Si tantummodo summus 
virtus Pelopidas attingo^ 
vereor, ne rudis Grcecus 
litera minus lucide appa- 
reo quantus vzr ille sum : 
post mors, civitas Thessa- 
Ha liberi is mucins ager 
do?io. 

Gaudeo cemulas ago in 
exilium, et lector casus 
is ; sed nunquam exul oc- 
culus vis ens magnus/mise- 
ricordia afficio : inimicus 
quidem compleo palatium 
clamor, sed populus imago 
isfios spar go. 



Germanus agricultura 
non studeo, magnusque 
parsvictus is lac^etcaseus, 
et caroy consisto ; neque 
quisqiiam certus modus 
ager, aid finis proprius, 
habeo, ne,captus amcenitas 
ager studium bell urn agri- 
cultura commnto. 



126 AN INTRODUCTION 

Be- -rophon rendered the d hence he is said 

to have boimd the mc w de- 

P l £ bums *a M life 

bose general, discharged that o! ^reat 

applause. 'stored to his c. cities, 

and amorig these Utica and Hippo, the strongest of aU Africa. Ivor 
wraa he content with this, but likewise extended the bounds of the 
empire. He subdued several great and warlike nations in Spain 3 
and enriched all Africa with horses, arms, men, and money. 



ANNOTATIO. 

# 36. The passives of Quorum acliva du- 

such active verbs, as go- os casus regunt, eo- 

vern tiro cases, do still rum passiva posteri- 

retain the last of them. orcm retinent. 

I am accused of theft. Accusor farti. 

Slaves are rated at more. Mancipia pluris cestiman- 

tur. 

Virgil is compared to Homer. Virgiliiiscomparatur Ho- 
rn ero. 

I am taught grammar. Doceor grammaticam. 

The bowl is filled with wine. Patera impletur mero. 

1. The passives of verbs of accusing, condemning, ac- 
quitting, and admonishing, retain the genitive. 

2. The passives of verbs of valuing, retain the genitives 
magni, parzi, nikili,4rc 

3. The passives of verbs of comparing, giving, declar- 
ing and taking away, retain the dative. 

4. The passives of verbs of asking and teaching, retain 
the accusative of the thing. 

b. The passives of verbs of filling, loading, binding, de- 
priving, clothing, &c. retain the ablative. 

I. He was accused of most Accuso gravis scelus, 

heinous crimes, but he was $*d obsolvo ondusyU ft*- 

cleareJW all, and deservedly; rito : nam argue culpa, 

iV he was accused of faults, of qui sum insom. 
which he was innocent. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



127 



Albucilla, the sous wo 
man, was accus< taftec- 

tion toward the emperor ; but 
she was accused of this crime 
by her enemies. 

One was condemned for mur- 
der, another was condemned 
for extortion, a third was con- 
demned for bribery and the 
public money. 

If any Roman knight was 
seen to have a horse somewhat 
lean, or not very sleek, he was 
censured for clownish careless- 
ness. 

We are admonished- of many 
things by our friends: do not 
therefore take it ill that you 
are put in mind of your duty. 

2. Silver is valued much, 
gold is valued more, but virtue 
ought to be valued most. 

The sayings of wise men are 
-sometimes little esteemed, but 
the words of a fool are always 
regarded less. 

3. Death is'rightly compared 
to sleep, and fortune is very 
rightly compared to the wind, 
to which it is very like. 

Speech is given to all, wis- 
dom to few ; and the way to true 
happiness is shown to us from 
the word of God only. 

Virtue can neither be forced 
away, nor stolen away from any 
one: but nobody can seive 
pleasure and virtue together. 

4. The consul, when he un- 
derstood these things were de- 
signed, calls the senate j aad Si- 



Albucilla^famosus mw- 
lie?\ defero impietcti in 
priaceps ; sed compello 
hie crimen ab inimicus. 

Alius damno cades, a- 
litis damno repetandce, 
alius condemno ambitus 
et publicus peewnia. 

Si quis Romanics eques 
videor habeo equus graci- 
lentus, aut parum niti- 
dus 9 nolo impolitia. 

Admoneo multus ab 
amisus ; nolo igiiur cegre 
fero tu officium tuus com- 
moneo. 

Argentum cestimo mag- 
num, aurum cestimo plus 
sed virtus debeo cestimo 
plurimum. 

Dictum sapiens inter- 
dum parvum existimo, 
sed verbum stulius minor 
semper duco. 

Mors recie comparo 
somnus, etfortuna rede 
comparo ventus, qui sum 
similis. 

Sermo do cunctus, sapi- 
entia pauci ; et via ad 
verusf elicit as ostendo ego 
ex verbum Deus solus. 

Virtus nee possum en- 
pio,nec sufripio qnisqiiam; 
at nemo possum, servio V0' 
luptas ei virtus simuL 

Consul, uhi cognosco is 
para, convoco senaius ; et 
SUanus primus rog& sen- 



128 



AN INTRODUCTION 



lanus was first asked his opin- 
ion because he was consul elect. 

Nor was the earth called up- 
on for corn and food only, but 
riches are dug up, and now the 
iron comes out, and gold more 
hurtful than iron. 

This age is fertile in vice ; 
a young lady takes pleasure to 
be taught the Ionic dances, and 
thinks on love from her tender 
years. 

5. Neither are bees satisfied 
with heather, nor kids with 
leaves, nor cruel love with tears. 

The man is amused with tri- 
fles, he is surfeited with feast- 
ing ; but the sea is not over- 
charged with waters. The val- 
lies are covered with darkness, 
though the mountains are cloth- 
ed with snow. 

IT When Pausanias, king of 
the Lacedemonians, came to 
the assistance' of the Athenians 
he made peace bewixt Thrasy- 
bulus and those who held the 
town. Thrasybulus also made 
a law, that nobody should be 
called to an account tor things 
pa -, nor punished; and they 
called that an act of oblivion. 

He that is accused of a wick- 
ed action, or he that is called in 
question about any thing, is 
called in Latin reus: but he that 
is accused of a fault, is not con- 
sequently in a fault ; nor oughi* 
he to be accounted guiitv of the 
crime till it be proved ; for if 
to accuse any one of a crime 



tentia, quod sum consul 
designatus. 

Nee humus tantum pos- 
co seges alimentumque, 
sed opis effodio, jamqne 
ferriim prodeo, et aurum 
nocens ferrum. 

Hie seeulum sumfoecun- 
dus culpa ; virgo gaudeo 
doceo motus Ionicus, et 
auditor amor de tener un- 
guis. 

Nee cyiisus saturo apis, 
necfrons capella, nee lac- 
ryma cm delis amor. 

Homo obleeto nugce, 
onero epulce. ; at f return 
non satio aqua. Vail is 
tcnebrce, tego, licet mons 
amicio nix. 



Cum Pausanias, rex La- 
ce doemonius, venio auxili- 
inn Atiicus, facio pax in- 
ter Thrasybulus et is, qui 
teneo urbs. Thrasybulus 
qiwquefero lex, ne quiz 
accuso a? it cactus res, neve 
viul to ; appelloque u lex 
oblivio. 

Qui a cats of acinus, out 
qui postulo de res aliquis, 
voco Latine reus : sed qui 
accuso ciUpa,non sum con- 
timio in culpa ; nee debeo 
existimo conscius crimen, 
donee probo ; nam si accu- 
so aliquis crimen sum sat is 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



12 9 



ad condemnatio, quis pos- 
sum sum tutus 2 

Quis dub it qtdn multu l s 
homo innocens accuso ca- 



were sufficient for condemna- 
tion, who could be safe ? 

Who doubts but many inno- 
cent persons have been tried 
for life and condemned to death; put, et damno caput; et 
and that a great many wicked multus homo facinorosus 
villains have been tried for life, accuso caput, et obsolvo 
and absolved from the crimes of crimen^ qui sum conscius ? 
which they were guilty? But Sednon effugio in seculum 
they will not escape in the futurus/Deus nonabsolvo 
world to come, God will not ab- is scelus qui perpetro. 
solve them from the wicked- 
ness which they have committed. 
Hippias ordered the murderer 
of his brother to be seized ; 
who, being forced by torments 
to name those that were guilty 
of the murder, named all the 
tyrant's friends, who were slain. 
Thus the citizens were put in 
mind of their liberty, and Hip- 
pias was forced into banishment. 
If cunning valuers of things 
esteem meadows and fields at a 
great rate, because that sort of 
possession can least be damag- 
ed, at how great a rate ought 
virtue to be esteemed, which 
can neither be forced away nor 
stolen from any one ? 

After some days another let- 
ter of Darius is delivered to 
Alexander, in which the mar- 
riage of a daughter, and a part 
of his kingdom are offered him ; 
but Alexander returned an- 
swer, that his own was given 
him, and ordered Darius to 
come, and leave the disposal of victor. 
his kingdom to the conqueror. 

When Eumenes was return- Cum Eumenes reverto 
ed to the camp, letters were in castra, litera invenio 



Hippias jubeo interfec- 
tor frater suus compre- 
hendo, qui coactus per 
tormentum nomino i» y qui 
sum conscius cmdes, nomi- 
no omnis tyr annus amicus^ 
qui interficio. Sic civis 
admoneo libertas, et Hip- 
pias ago in exilium. 

Si callidus (Estimator res 
cestimo pratum et area 
magnum, quod is genus 
possessio possum minime 
Icedo ; quantum debeo vir- 
tus cestimo, qui nee possum 
eripio nee surripio quis- 
quam ? 

Post aliquot dies, alius 
epistola Darius recldo Al- 
exander, in quimatrimo- 
niumjiliaetportio regnum 
offer is: sed Alexander 
rescribo suus do sui, et ju- 
beo Darius venio, et per- 
mitto arbitrium reenum 



139 



AN INTRODUCTION 



found scattered through the 
camp, in which great rewards 
were promised to those, that 
should bring the head of Eu- 
menes to Antigonus. But this 
project was vain, for none of 
the soldiers woul betray their 
general. 

He that only pleases himself, 
does himself no kindness, be- 
cause he displeases God his 
creator, who commands us to be 
kind and good to all men, and 
to do to others those things, 
which we incline should be done 
to ourselves. This precept is 
delivered to us in the gospel, 
and comprehends almost the 
whole duty of a Christian. 

Trajan succeeded him, de- 
scended of an ancient rather 
than an illustrious family ; he so 
managed the government, that 
he is deservedly preferred to 
all the emperors. He was a 
man of unusual moderation and 
bravery ; he extended far and 
wide the boundaries of the Ro- 
man empire, which had been 
defended rather, after Augus- 
tus, than nobly enlarged. 

When CatG was asked his 
opinion, he made a speech to this 
purpose : Do you demur, quoth 
he, what you should determine 
with respect to the most bar- 
barous parricides ? They have 
conspired to set Uhair country 
in flames ; they solicit to the war 
the nation of the Gauls, the most 
spiteful to the Roman state. 

Cicero had been informed of 



abjectus per castra, in qui 
magnus prcemium pr omit- 
to is, qui defer o caput Eu- 
menesadAntigouus. Sed 
hie consilium sum irritus, 
nam nemo miles volo pro- 
do imperator. 

Qui tantum placeo sui, 
non prosum sui, quia dis- 
pliceo Deus creator suits, 
qui jubeo ego sum benig- 
nus et beneficus omnis, at 
facio alius is, qui volojio 
ego ipse. Hie prcuceptum 
trado ego in evangelium, 
et complector pene totus 
qfficium Christianas. 

Trajanus succedo is, na- 
tus antiquus magis quani 
clarus familia ; ita admi- 
nistro respublica, ut meri- 
to p rafe ro o mn is princeps . 
Sum vir inusitatus civili- 
tas et fortitude : d iff undo 
longe late que finis Roma- 
nus imperium, qui sum 
defensus magis, post Au- 
gustus, quam nobiliter 
ampliatus. 

Cum Cato rogo sentent- 
ia, habeo oratio hujusce- 
■modi : Tu cunctor, in- 
quam ille, quis statuo de 
crudelis parricida ? Con- 
juro incendo patria ; ar- 
cesso ad helium gens Gal- 
lus, infestus Romanus no- 
men. 

Cicero edoceo cunctus 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



131 



^very thing by the deputies ; 
wherefore he unfolds the whole 
affair to the pre tors, who im- 
mediately beset the Mulvian 
bridge. The Allobroges with- 
out delay surrender themselves 
to the pretors. All things are 
instantly notified to the consul 
by messengers ; but a vast con- 
cern and joy seized him at once : 
for glad he was that the city 
was rescued from danger, but 
he thought the punishing of the 
conspirators would be a burden- 
some task to himself. 

The ambassadors of the Gauls 
returning, set forth the enemy's 
wealth and negligence ; they 
said, that their camp was filled 
with gold and silver ; and that 
they neglected all military duty, 
as if they did not want the help 
of the sword, because they a- 
bounded in gold. 

This place is encompassed on 
all sides with craggy rocks, that 
it needs no defenders ; and such 
is the fruit fulness of the adjacent 
soil, that it is filled with its own 
riches ; and such is the plenty 
of fountains and woods, that it 
abounds with water, and wants 
not the diversion of hunting. 



per legatus ; itaque aperio 
res omnis prcetor, qui sta- 
tim obsideo Mulvius pons* 
Allobroges sine mora dede 
sui praetor. Omnis proper t 
declaro consul per nunci- 
as, at ingens extra atque 
Icetitia simid occupo ille ; 
nam Icetor civitas eripio 
periculwm>, credo autem 
poena conjuratus f< rem 
onus sui. 



Legatus Gallus revw* 
sus, ost en-do hostis opis et 
negligentia ; dico, castra 
repleo aurum et argen- 
tum ; et is intermitto om- 
nis militaris officium 9 
quasi non indigeo auxili- 
umferrum quia abunde 
aurum. 

Hie locus cingo undicpit 
prceruptus rupes, ut egeo 
nullus defensor : et tan tus 
sum fertilitas circumja- 
cens solum, ut expleo pro- 
prius opis ; et is sum co* 
piafons etsylva, ut abun~ 
do aqua, nee careo volup* 
tas venatie. 



Mars was accused of murder and incest, and obliged to underg© 
a trial before twelve gods as judges ; but was acquitted of the 
cdme3. The place of trial, which was near Athens, became after- 
wards the seat of a court, and was called Areopagus, that is, the 
hill of Mars. The judges were celled Areopagites, who were meo 
©f the strictest integrity, and of the most blameless life. 

Heaven is the lofty throne of God ; but to describe the glory of it, 
is more than human tongue can do. The grandeur and state we 
fceliold on earth eannet be compared with it. It is the abode of f&$ 



l3t AN INTRODUCTION 

Just, the resting place of the weary, and the reward of the faithful. 
There are rivers of pleasure, and crowns of glory. Ask, and it 
shall be given you ; seek, and ye shall find ; knock, and it shall be 
opened unto you. 

When Cicero was asked his opinion concerning the immortality of 
the soul, he replied, for many reasons I persuade myself that the 
goul is immortal ; and if in this I err, I err with pleasure ; nor will I 
ever be forced out of an opinion which yields me so much delight. 

In Britain, says Cassar, there is a vast number of inhabitants : the 
buildings are numerous, and much like those of Gaul ; the country 
abounds in cattle ; instead of money, the Britons make use of brass, 
or pieces of iron of a certain weight. They do not sow much corn ; 
but live on milk and flesh, and are clothed with skins. 



§ 2. The government of imper- § 2. Regimen verborura 
sonal verbs. impersonalium. 

RULE VIII. REG. VIII. 

37. A N impersonal ^TEBBUM im- 



AN impersonal ~W7~ 
verb governs j 



the dative. dati\ 



personate regit 



vara. 



It happened to me. Accidit mihi. 

It is profitable for the state. Expedit reipublicce. 

No man is allowed to sin. Licet nemini peccare, 

The impersonal verbs belonging to this general rule,- 
excluding those contained in the following exceptions, are 
such as u accidit, conlingit, evenit, coriducit, expedit, lu- 
bet, libet, licet, placet, displicet, vacat, restat, praestat, li- 
quet, nocet, dolet, sufficit, apparet," &c. Together with 
the dative, they have frequently an infinitive alter them, 
which supplies the place of a nominative before them. 

Note 1. The dative is often suppressed ; as, Cic. Sexcenta licet 
fjusmodi preferred sc. nobU. Ter. Faciat quod lubet, sc. sibi. 

Note 2. Impersonal verbs are sometimes used personally, espe- 
cially with the pronouns id, hoc, Mud, quod, and the like ; as, Cic. 
•Si tibi id minus libebit. Id. Non idem mihi licet. Id. Si habes quod 
ij-q&eaf. Suet. Qu&cuique Ubumatt* Catul. Marito kta non Hcentj 



TO LATIN syntax:. 

EXCEPT10NES. 



13$ 



* 38. Refert and in- 1. Refert et inter- 
leres/ require the geni- est genitivum postu* 
tive. ' lant. 



It concerns my father, 
it is the interest of all. 



Refert patris. 
Interest omnium. 



-Note I. Refert and interest beside other genitives, admit also of 
these, tanti, quanti, magni, parmagnL parvi* pluris ; as, Cic. Parvi 
refert abs It jus did. Id. Magni interest meet ana nos esse. 

Note 2. They are sometimes used personalty, and admit cot only 
of the nominatives quid, quod, id, hoc, illud, &c. but of others also ; 
as, Ter. Taa quod nihil refert. Cic. Illud mea magni interest. Id. 
Non qiw mea interesset loci naiura. Lucr. Magni refert studium at que 
v ohm I as. 

Note 3. The adverbs, lantum, quantum, mulinm, plurimum, infini~ 
tum,parum, nihil, maxime, minime, and the like, are often joined 
with them ; as. Mart. Mullum refert. Juv. Plurimum interest. Lc. 

Note 4. The construction is elliptical, and may be thus supplied : 
Refert patris, i. e. refert sc ad negotia patris. Interest omnium, i. e. 
est inter negotia omnium. 



# 39. But mea, tua, 
sua, nostra, vestra, are 
put in the accusative plu- 
ral. 

I am not concerned. 

It concerns both you and me. 



At mea, tua, sua, 
nostra, vestra, po- 
nuniur in accusativo 
plurali. 

Non mea refert, 

Et tua et mea interest. 



Note 1. We may say indifferently, cuja, or cuj us interest ; as, Cie\ 
Detur ei cuja interfuit, non ei cuja nihil interfuit. Id. Quis enim tat 
hodie, cujusintersit islam legem manere ? 

Note 2 The construction may be thus supplied ; Refert mea, i. e. 
refert se ad mea negotia. Interest tua, i. e. est inter tua negotia. 



*40. These five, mi- 
seret, pcenitet, pudet, t&- 
det, and piget, govern 

M 



2. Hcec quinque 
miseret, pcenitet, pu- 
det, taedet, et pi- 



134 



AN INTRODUCTION 



regunt accusati- 



the accusative of a per- get 

son with the genitive of a vnm personce cum ge 

thing. nitivo rci 



I pity you. 

I repent of my sin. 

I am weary of my life. 



Miseret me tui. 
Pcenitet me peccati. 
T&det me vitoe. 



Note 1. The infinitive frequently supplies the place of the geni- 
tive ; as, Pcenitet me peccassc, for pcenitet me peccati. Tcedtt me vi* 
vere, for tcedet mt vita. 

JYote 2. The accusative of the person is often suppressed ; as, 
Hor. Scelcritm si pamiiet, sc. ?ios. 

Note 3. These verbs are sometimes used personally ; as, Lucr. 
Ipse sui mueret. Plaut. Me hcec conditio non pcenitet. Plaut. Id quod 
pudetfaciliusfertur, quam id quodpiget. 

Note 4. The genitive is governed by some substantive understood, 
such as, negotium, factum, flatus., fortuna, respectus, eogitatio, or the 
like j and the construction may be thus completed ; Miseret me tui : 
i. e. negolium tui malt miseret me, or respectus tui miseret me. Pami- 
tet mepeccatiy i. e. negotium peccati } or cogitatio peccati pcenitet me. 

*41. These four, decet, 3. Hcec qaatuor, 

delectat, juvat, oportet, decet, delectat, ju- 

govern the accusative of vat, oportet, regunt 

the person with the infi- accasativum personm 

nitiye. cum infinitivo. 



It does not become you to scold. 
I delight to study. 



Non deed fe rixari. 
Delectat me studere. 



Note 1. Decet instead of the accusative, sometimes takes the da« 
tive ; as, Ter. Ita nobis decet. Gell. JEtati ejus decebat. 

Note 2. Oportet is elegantly joined with the subjunctive mood, ui 
being understood ; as, oportet facias, for oportet tefacere. 

Note 3. Fallit.fugit, prceterit, tatet, when used impersonally, take 
also the accusative with the infinitive ; as, Cic. Pugit, me ad te 
scribere, kc. 

Note 4. Attinet, pertinet, and spectat, when used impersonally, 
have the accusatives with ad; as. Ter. Pereat, nihil, ad me attinet. 
Cic. Ad rempublicam pertinet me conservari. Incert. Spectat ad omnes 
bene vivere. 

Noteb. Decet, delectat. andjuvat, are often used persoiaally, and 
vpwtel) sometimes; as, Hor. Parvum parva decent. Cic. Mestaiv» 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



135 



rue reipublictt non delectat Juv. Si senemjuvat aha. Ter. Hac facta 

ab illo oporlebant. 



37. It happened to the young 
man, that he was very dear to 
the senate. 

It happened ill for them, but 
very well for us, if you please 
to hear. 

It .contributes to health to 
live according to nature, and it 
is proper for us so to live. 

They beg that it may be al- 
lowed them to pass their days 
in exile, and it pleases me to al- 
low them. 

Jove has not leisure fo attend 
on small affairs ; but it is better 
for us to be silent than to speak. 

It appears to all that this man 
aims at sovereignty, nay I am 
clear to swear it. 

38. It concerns all men to 
practise virtue, and it concerns 
all men to pity the miserable. 

39. It concerns me, it con- 
cerns you and the common- 
wealth, that you do yo^r duty. 

It concerns thee not to be- 
lieve rashly, and it concerns 
thee to know thyself. 

Cassar used to say, that it did 
not so much concern him as 
the state, that he should be pre- 
served. 

Caligula suffered the writ- 
ings of Labienus to be searched 
for and read, since it very much 
concerned him that every ac- 
tion should be transmitted to 
posterity. 

It concerns you who are fa- 



Contingit adolescen$ } 
ut sum earns senatus . 

Male evenii Hit. at bene 
ego, si placet tu audio. 

Cond 'ucit salus vivo e 
natura, et expedit ego ita 
vivo. 

Peto ut licet ille ago 
(Etas in exilium, et lubet 
ego sino. 

JVo?i vacai Jupiter ad- 
sum exiguus res; sedprces- 
tat ego taceo quam loquor. 

Apparet omnis hie homo 
ajfecto imperium, imo li- 
quet ego dejuro. 

Refert omnis colo vir- 
tus, et interest omnis mis- 
ereor miser. 

Refert meus, refert turn 
et respublica, ut iufungor 
ojjiciurn. 

Refert tuns non credo 
teniere, et interest tuus 
nosco tu ipse. 

CcEsar soleo dico, non 
tain interest situs quam 
respuhlica, uii salvus sum* 

Caligula permitto scrip- 
turn, Labienus requiro et 
lectito, quandomaxhne in- 
terest suns ut quisque fac- 
tum trado posteri. 

Interest vester qui pa- 



136 



AN INTRODUCTION 



fhers, to take care that your 
children be well educated, and 
it concerns children to obey 
their parents. 

-10. I look for death as the 
end of my miseries ; hut I pity 
you against whom wars and 
battles are prepared. 

If thou art sorry for, and a- 
shamed of thy faults, thou wilt 
take care not to commit any 
such thing hereafter. 

Sulpicius, tribune of the com- 
mons, after be had acquired the 
.greatest honour, made many 
destructive laws, as if he had 
been sorry for, and weary of his 
former virtues. 

41. It becomes all men to be 
tree from hatred, love, wrath, 
and compassion, when they de- 
liberate about doubtful matters. 

There are boys that delight 
to lead an idle life, and there 
are boys who take pleasure to 
ply their studies. 

It behooves men to reckon 
Chat God sees all things, that 
all things are full of God. 

TT As soon as Eumenes un- 
derstood that Perdiccas was 
slain, himself judged an enemy, 
and the management of the war 
committed to Antigonus, he 
declared those things to the 
soldiers; and added, moreover, 
if those things were a terror to 
any, it was permitted them to 
depart. 

The anger of the Almighty 
God ouidit to be terrible to all 



ter sum, euro ut UberiprS- 
beinstituo, et refort liber i 
obedio parens. 

Bxpecto mors ut finis 
miseria ; sed miser et ego 
tu ad versus qui prcelium 
et acies paro. 

Si pobnitet, ac pudet tu 
peccatum tints, caveo ne 
quis talis posthac commit to* 

Sulpicius Aribunus plebs, 
cum qiUBro magnus dighi* 
tas,fero multus pernicio- 
sin lex, quasi piget, ac 
tcedet is pristinus virtus. 

Decet omnis homo sum 
vacuus ah odium ,amicitia 7 
ira, at que miser icordia, 
cum consult o de res dubius. 

Sum puer qui deleciat 
se^nis traduco vita et sum 
puer qui studium invigilo 
juvat 

Oportet homo exUiimo 
Dens cerno omuls, omnis 
G Deus plenus sum. 

Ut Eumenes cognosco 
Per dice as occido,suijudi- 
co hostisf et summa helium 
committo Antigonus, indi- 
co is miles ; et ad do insu- 
per, si qui is terror sum, 
licet tile discedo. 



Ira Deus Omnipotens 
debeo sum terribilis omnis 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



137 



men, no less to the highest and 
haughtiest of the lords of the 
earth, than the meanest of mor- 
tals. He can, if be please, dis- 
joint all the parts of this beauti- 
ful structure of the world, and 
reduce them into one confused 
mass, like that out of which 
they were originally formed. 

You see, says Eumenes, the 
dress and ornaments of your ge- 
neral, which not any of my 
enemies has put upon me, for 
that would be comfort to me ; 
you have made me of a general 
a prisoner. One thing I beg, 
that you would let me die 
among yourselves ; for it signi- 
fies nothing to Antigonus, how 
or where I fall. U 1 obtain this, 
I free you from your oath. 

Honesty hurts nobody ; but 
knavery, though it seems to 
profit a man, is very pernicious 
to a man's credit, which all 
wise men value more than 
money ; and very often it is 
hurtful to a man's estate and 
life, which fools value more 
than all things else ; it there- 
fore concerns all men to beware 
of and avoid injustice. 

God is angry with the wick- 
ed, and threatens them with 
most dreadful torments ; not be- 
cause he hates them, but that 
they may repent of their sin, 
and be happy forever in heav- 
en. Do not they, therefore.de- 
serre the punishment of eter- 



non minus summus et sic- 
perbus do minus terra or- 
bis,quam infimus mortalis* 
Possum, si placet is, divel- 
lo omnis pars hie pulcher 
azdificium mundus.ct redi- 
go in anus moles indiges- 
tus, similis is ex qui pri- 
mum formo. 

Cem.o, inquam Eume- 
nes, habitus atque orna- 
mentum dux vester, qui 
non quisquam hostis impo- 
no ego> nam hie for em so- 
latium ego;tufacio ego ex 
imperator captivus. Units 
oro.ui volo ego morior in- 
ter tu ; nam neque interest 
Antigo nus.quema dmo dum 
aut ubi cado. Si hie impe- 
tro, solvo tujusjurandum* 

Probitas, noceo nemo ; 
sed improbitas, etsi videor 
prosum homo, sum perni- 
ciosus existimatio homo, 
qui omnis sapiens cestimo 
plus quampecimia; etsape 
sum perniciosus homo res 
et vita qui stultus facio 
plus quam alius omnis ; 
refert igitur omnis caveo 
et vito injustiiia. 

Deus irascor imp his, et 
•minor ille dims supplici- 
untj non quod odi, sed 
ut pamitet is peccatum, 
et sum felix in miemum 
in ccelum. Nonne igi- 
tur, mereor poena ceter- 
nus mors, qui cestimo ce- 



M 2 



138 



AN INTRODUCTION 



nal deatii, who value eternal 
liie and happiness at nothing. 

You are weary of the patri- 
cian, and we of the plebeian 
magistrates. What do you 
mean, 1 beseech you ? You de- 
sired tribunes of the commons, 
we granted them ; you desired 
the decemvirs, we suffered them 
to be made ; you were weary, 
of the decemvirs, we forced 
ihem to lay down their power. 

Wicked men provoke God 
daily ; but he is very merciful ; 
therefore he pities them, and is 
ready to forgive them their sins, 
if they repent of them, and are 
ashamed of their folly, and be 
willing to obey those precepts 
which are prescribed to us in 
the gospel. 

King Darius's mother, who 
till that day had not been weary 
of her life, when she heard that 
Alexander was dead, laid vio- 
lent hands upon herself; not 
that she preferred an enemy 
before a son, but because she 
had experienced the duty of a 
son in him whom she had fear- 
ed as an enemy. 

Julian was a man of great 
eloquence, of a quick and most 
tenacious memory, liberal to his 
friends, as became so great a 
prince to be ; he was greedy of 
glory ; and not unlike Marcus 
Anton i us, whom he made it 
his business to imitate : he made 
war upon the Parthians, in 
which expedition I was like- 
wise present. 



tenuis vita et felicitas 
hilum. 

Tazdet tu pairicius, e 
plebeius magistraius . Q 
volo, obsecro tu ? Voncu- 
pio tribunus plebs,ego con- 
cede) ; desidero decern i 
ego potior creo ; ta 
decemviri, cogo is abdico 
magistraius. 



Improbus lacesso Dens 
quotidie, sed sum clemens; 
itaque miseret is ille, et pa- 
ratus sum condono is pec- 
cat urn, si pcenitet is ille, 
et pudet is stultitia, etvolo 
obtempero lex qui condo 
ego in evangelium. 

Rex Darius mater, qui 
in is dies non tcedet vita, 
cum audio Alexander mo- 
rior, infer o manus sui ip- 
se ; non quod prevfero has- 
tis jilius , sed quod experior 
pietasjilius in is qui timeo 
ut hostis. 



Julianas sum vir ingens 
6 facundia, promptus et 
tenax memoria, liber alis 
in amicus, ut decet tantus 
prineeps sum; sum avidus 
gloria ; et non absimilis 
Marcus Antonius* qui cs~ 
niulor studeo ; infero bel- 
lum Par thus , q id expe ditto 
ego quoque, intersum* 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 139 

We are allowed from reason and scripture to conclude, that part 
rf the pleasure which happy minds shall enjoy m a future state, will 
arise from an enlarged contemplation of the -divine wisdom in the 
government of the world ; and from a discovery of the secret and 
amazing steps of Providence, from the beginning to the end of time. 

It concerns subjects to obey the Jaws : and it is of great import- 
ance to the public that all should follow peace, practise justice, and 
discharge their duty in that station in civil life, which they hold in, 
kbciety. 

Thou ow T cst thy food, thy clothing, thy habitation, and every 
comfort and pleasure of life, to the labour of others ; it concerns 
lliee therefore to be a friend to mankind, as it is thy interest that men 
should be friendly to thee. 

Ceres was ashamed of her fault, and greatly lamented the loss of 
her honour. She retired into the dark recesses of a cave, where she 
lay so concealed, that none of the gods knew r where she was, till 
Pan, the god of the woods, discovered her. 

Robert Bruce addressed Sir William Wallace thus : What mad- 
ness hath seized you? King Edward, against whom you carry on a 
war, is a most powerful monarch ; and though you should overcome 
hiiri , the Scots will never deliver the government up to you. Wal- 
lace answered thus ; You use me ill, w T hen you say that I aspire to 
the kingdom. I am not desirousof royal power ; the honours of 
a kingdom neither agree to my fortune nor to my mind. It belongs 
to the nobles to defend (heir country. When I saw that our nobles 
had neglected their duty, I pitied my .wretched countrymen, who are 
destitute of governors, and exposed to the cruelty of barbarous ene- 
mies. Our nobles prefer most scandalous slavery to honourable 
liberty. War is a terror to our nobles. Let them enjoy that fortune 
which they value so much. I w r ill defend my country. 

It becomes us to be kind and courteous to strangers, for we know 
not to what part of the world we ourselves may go. 

If you would have God to hear your prayers, it behooves you to 
hear the petition of the poor. 



APPENDIX. 

42 "PASSIVE VERBS ^fTERBA PAS- 

* M^ take after them y SIVA post se 
an ablative of the agent habent ablativum a- 
or doer, with the prepo- gentis ctut facientis, 
sition a, ab, or abs. cum prcepositione^ a* 

ab, vel abs. 



140 AN INTRODUCTION 

The world is governed by God. Alundus gubernatur a 

Deo. 
Virtue is praised by all. Virtus laudatur ah omni- 

bus. 
I am glad that my conduct is Gaudeo vieum factum 
approved by you. abs te probari. 

JVo/c 1. The preposition is sometimes suppressed ; as, Ovid. Dc- 
seror conjuge. Id. Colitur linigera turba. Senec. Contra Stertinium 
quopremcbalur. 

Note 2. Passive verbs, instead of the ablative with the preposi- 
tion, sometimes take the dative ; as, Virg. Neque ctrniiur ulli. Ter. 
Meditala mihi sun' incommoda. Ovid. Nulla laudetur mihi. 

JVote 3. A great many other verbs take also the ablative with a 
or ab : such as, 

1. Verbs of RECEIVING ; as, accipio, capio, mmo.mutuor j also, 
mdipiscor, conseqaor, impeiro : k,c. ; as, Cic. Ji majoribus morem ac- 
cepimus. 

2. Verbs of DISTANCE, DIFFERENCE, and DISSENSION ; 
as, disto, differo, dtssentio } dissideo, discrcpo, discordo; as, Cic. Vides 
quantum distel a reritale. 

3. Verbs of DESIRING, ENTREATING, and ENQUIRING ; as, 
peto, expeto. pasco, percontcr, setter, scisciior, rogo, oro, obsecro precor, 
postuhy fagiio, conteudo. txigo, 8&C.3 as, Cic. A te op em pciimus. 

4. Verbs of CESSATION ; as, cesso, desislo, quiesco, rcquiesco, 
temptro ; as. TJv. Jl prceliis cessare. 

5. Verbs of EXCEPTING ; as, expecto, spero ; as, Buchan. Jib 
mxo expecies, quod* multis sperare nequeas. 

6. Verbs of TAKING AWAY and REMOVING ; as ; aufero. rapio, 
surripio. furor, tollo : removeo,Mrceo, prohibeo, pello, reptllo, propulso> 
revoco ; also, coniineo, conhibeo. refreno ; also, deftnJo, mimio, tego 9 
tutor 4 also, deficio.descisco, degenero, &c. To these add verbs com- 
pounded with a or ab ; as. abigo, abstineo, amoveo, abduco, abrado y 
amiiio. avello, avoco, k.c. ; Ter. Minos triginta ab ilto abstuli. 

7. Verbs of DISMISSING, BANISHING, and DISJOINING; 
as, dimitto, rehgo, disjungo, divello. segrego, separo, &,c* ; as, Cass. 
Eura au se dimittit. 

8. Verbs of BUYING ; as, emo. mercor,f(zneror, conduco ; as, V. 
Max. A piscatoribiis jackim emerat. 

9. Many other verbs of different significations ; as, caveo, declino, 
defiecio ; dwcedo? recedo ; affero, do, reddo, fero, rcporto, incipioj or- 
dior ; servo, custcdic. vindieo ; iimeo, meluo, formido, &c. ) as, Cic. 
Reg&m monuerunt, aveneno, utcaveret. 

Note 4. Verbs of STRIVING ; as, coniendo, certo, bello.pugno ; and 
JOINING TOGETHER ;, as^jungo, conjungo- concumbo, coeo* misceo, 
take the ablative with cum : as, Ovid. Mecum certasse fereiur Id. 
Contmdtit weenm Cic. Be! lare cum diis. Id. Saluiem meam cum com' 
muni salute conjungere decrevi. Tac. Connlia cum ilto non miscutrant. 

Note 5. The verbs mcreor, facio } fit } erit,futurum est, take the ab- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



HI 



Jafive with de, as, Bene vel male de aliquo mereri. Cic. Indicum de 
fide, ejus. Ter. Quid de me fid ? he. 

Note 6. "Verbs of PERCEIVING and KNOWING j as, ivtelligo, 
sent io, cognosco : conjicio, disco, ptrcipio, colligo, audio, take the abla- 
tive with e or ex ; as, Cic. Ex gestu, tuo inlelligo, quid vclis. Id. Ex- 
tins Uteris station rerum cognovi. Id Hoc ex illo audivi, he. 

Note!. Passive IMPERSONATES are either put absolutely ; as* 
QuidagilurP statur. Cic. Jib hora leriiahabebatur, ludebatur, vome- 
batur, Or they take after them the case of their PERSONALS ; as, 
Cic. Ut majoribus naiu assurgatur, id supplicium miserecUur. Ovid. 
Necmihiparcatur. Virg. Itur in sylvnm. Liv. Pestilcnlia labor alum 
est. 

J\'ote 8. These six verbs, potest, ccepit, incipif, desinet, debet, and 
solel, when joined with impersonal verbs, become impersonal them- 
selves ; as, Quinct. Pervenire adsumma nisi ex principiis non potest. 
Just. Pigere cumfacti ccepit. Cic. Singulis a Deo tt provideri sold. 
Id. Negal jucunde posse vivi, nisi cxmi viriute vivalur. 



He is miserable, who neither 
Joves any one, nor is himself 
beloved by any one. 

The affairs of a good man 
are never neglected by God. 

Do not trust to a man by 
whom thou hast been once de- 
ceived. 

Carthage was destroyed by 
the famous captain Scipio Afri- 
canus. 

Learning and virtue are 
sought by few, pleasure by 
many. 

We are so formed by nature 
that we do not seem made for 
sport and jest. 

TT For these achievements 
Codomannus is set over Ar- 
menia ; and after the death of 
king Ochus, is made king by 
the people for his former brave- 
ry. He waged war with Alexan- 
der the Great : at last, however, 
he was conquered by Alexan- 
der : and being slain bv his own 



Miser sum, qui neque 
diligo quisquam, nee ipse 
diligo ab ullus. 

Res bonus vir nunquam 
negligo a Deus. 

Nejido homo a qui se- 
mel decipio, 

Carthago deleo acelebejr 
dux Scipio Africanus. 

Doctrina et victns ap- 
peto a pauci, volupias a 
rtlarimus. 

lia genero a natura, ut 
non videor /actus ad In- 
dus jo cusque. 

06 hie decus Codoman- 
nus prceficio Armenia ? - ct P 
post mors rex Ochus } .con- 
sliiuo rex a populus mop* 
ter pristinus virtus. Gero 
helium cum Alexander 
M agnus: postremo ,tamen, 
vhico ab Alexander ; et 
oxisus a situs, finio vita 3 



142 



AN INTRODUCTION 



relations, he ended bis life, to- 
gether with the empire of the 
Persians. 

Whilst these things are doincr 
he is acquainted that a plot was 
laid for him by Alexander, the 
son-in-law of Antipater, who 
had been sent over Macedonia ; 
for which reason, fearing lest 
if he should be slain, some tu- 
mult should arise in Macedonia, 
he kept him hi chains. After 
this he goes to the city Gordi- 
um, which is situated betwixt 
the greater and lesser Phrvgia. 
Whilst the Gauls plunder the 
ships, they are cut in pieces by 
the rowers and a part of the ar- 
my, which had fled thither with 
their wives and children ; and 
so great was the slaughter of 
the Gauls, that the fame of this 
victory procured Anligonus a 
peace not only from the Gauls, 
but from all his neighbours. 

Queen The>sa!onice, the lady 
of Oassander, was slain by her 
son Antipater, though she beg- 
ged her life by his mothers 
breasts : the reason of which 
parricide was, that after the 
death of her husband, in the 
division of the kingdom betwixt 
the brothers, she seemed to 
ha\e been more favourable to 
Alexander. 

Pluto d-sired of Jupiter, that 
Proserpine might be given to 
him in marriage, by him and 
her mother (Seres. Jupiter de- 
nied that Ceres would suffer 
ber daughter to liveia bell; but 



pariter cum iuipcyium 
Persa. 

Dum hie agofio certior 
visidiez pare sui ab Alex- 
ander gener Antipater, 
qui prcepono Macedonia ; 
ob qui causa, timens ne 7 
si interficio, quis motus 
crier in $Iacedonia 7 habeo 
is in vinculum. Post hie 
peto urbs Gordium, qui 
posit us sum inter magnus 
et parvus Phrygia. 

Dum Gallus diripw im- 
x is, trucido remex et pars 
exercitus, qui confugio eo 
cum coiijux et liberi ; et 
tantus su??i ccedes Gallus, 
ut opinio hie victoria proe- 
sto Antigonus pax, non 
tantum a Gallus, sed ab 
omnisjinitimus. 

Regin a Taessalon ice. 
uxor Cassander, occido a 
filvus Antipater, cum de- 
precor vita per uher via- 
tennis : causa qui parri- 
cidiiun sum, quod post 
mors maritus. in divisio 
regmim infer j rater. vi- 
dear propensus Alexan- 
der. 

Pluto peto a Jupiter, ut 
Proserpina do sui in ma- 
trbrtQuium, ab Hie et ma- 
ter Ceres, Jupiter >iego 
Ceres patior fdia suits vi- 
vo in Tartarus ; sedjii 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



143 



he bids him steal her, whilst 
she gathered flowers upon 
mount iEtna, which is in Sicily. 
Afterwards Ceres obtained of 
Jupiter, that she should be 
with her sometimes. 

Perdiccas pretends to desire 
the daughter of Antipater in 
marriage, that he might the 
more easily obtain of him re- 
cruits out of Macedonia ; but 
Antipater perceived his cun- 
ning, and baulked his hopes. 
After this a war broke out be- 
tween Antigonus and Perdiccas, 
in which Perdiccas was worsted 
by Antigonus. 



is rapio is, dum lego fios 
in mons JEtna> qui sum in 
Sicilia. Post ea Ceres 
impetro a Jupiter, ut sum 
suicum aliquando. 

Perdiccas simulo peto 
Jilia Antipater inrnatri- 
monium, ut facile obtineo 
ab is supplementum ex 
Macedonia ; sed Antipa- 
ter pr&sentio dolus, et 
folio spes is. Post hie 
bellum orier inter Anti- 
gonus et Perdiccas, in 
: qui Perdiccas super o ah 
Antigonus. 



The Foets say, that the first woman was made by Vulcan, ani 
that every god gave her some present, whence she was called Pan- 
dora. Pallas gave her wisdom, Apollo the art of music, Mercury 
the art of eloquence, and Venus gave her beauty. 

Acrisius king of the i\rgives, shut up his daughter Danae in a strong 
tower, and suffered none to enter it ; because he had heard from 
the oracle, that he should be killed by his grandson. Jupiter turned 
himseK into a shower of gold, and entered into the tower through 
the tiles. Thus Danae was got with child by the god. When Acri- 
sius heard that his daughter had brought forth a son, he ordered 
her and the child to be put into a chest, and thrown into the sea. 
The chest was found by a fisherman, and given by him to Pilumnu* 
king of the Rutilians, who married Danae. When Perseus the son of 
Danae was grown up, he slew his grandfather Acrisius, and so fulfill- 
ed the oracle. 



3. The government of the infin- 
itive, participles, gerunds^ 
and supines. 

'RULE IX. 
^N'E verb governs 
another in the 
infinitive. 



43. 



§3. 


Regimen infinitive 


participiorum, gerundio- 


rum, et supinorum. 


REG. IX. 


u 


"JVUM verbum 


regit aliud in 



mjinitivo. 



144 



AN INTRODUCTION 



I der : re to learn. 
Thou art glad to be taught. 
Mercury is said to have invent- 
ed the harp. 



Cupio dlscere. 
Gaudes doceri. 
Mercurius dicitur intie- 
nisse lyram. 



Note 1. The infinitive is frequently governed by adjectives or par- 
ticiples ; as, Dignus /egi> cupidv.s ?nori, indocilis pauperism pati, avidi 
eommitttrt pugnam, audax omnia perpcti : cupiens cognoscere, metucns 
polluij meritus relinqui. fruges consumcre naii. And sometimes by sub- 
stantives ; as. Tempus abire, occasio scribere, signet dedi venisse Deurru 

JS'ote 2. The governing word is sometimes suppressed ; as, Ter. 
OmntrS mihi invidere. sc. cce permit. Virg. Mene incepto desistere? sc. 
deed or ]>ar est. And to these phrases, videre «/, animadrertere est, rc- 
perire est, kc. we may uiidersiandyhru/fcw. potestas, copia, or the like. 

A'ote'S. The infinitive itself is sometimes suppressed: as, Cic. 
Socraiem f dibits docuit, sc. canere. Sail. Et provinciam Sumidiam 
populusjussU ; sc. dari. 

ffotei The infinitive is a kind of substantive noun, has adjec- 
tives sometimes joined with it? and occurs in all cases. In the nom- 
inative; as. Per?. Scire tuum nihil est, for scienlia tua. Cic. Advile- 
rare iurpe est, tor aduUerinm. Gen. Virg. Soli cantare ptriti, for 
cant audi or cant us. Dat. Sail. Servireparati, for servituti. Acc.lior. 
Da mini J alter e, for artem fallendi. Voc O vivere nostrum, for vita 
nostra. Abl. Qainct. Hcec demonstrassc conterUus 7 for horum demon' 
stratione facta. 



1 desire to know, thou art a- 
fraid to tell, he despises to be 
taught, we are forbid to prate, 
ye ought to study, they are or- 
dered to write. 

I will take care to avoid in- 
temperance, thou oughtest to 
seek wisdom, he endeavours to 
perform his promise, we have 
resolved to hear 'he lesson, ye 
design to make verses, they 
seem to have done an injury, 
learn thou to lay aside pride. 

Money cannot change na- 
ture, a soldier always rejoices 
to recount his dangers, a sailor 
often uses to relate his losses. 
Egnatius before this had resolv- 
ed t© kill Caesar, tbe genera! 



Cupio scio, vereor dico } 
sperho doceo, veto garrio 9 
debeo studeo 7 jubeo scribo. 



Curo vito intemperate 
tia, debeo expeto sapien- 
ticiy conor prcesto promis- 
sum, stafuo audio prteleor 
ti'jj volo compono versus, 
video facto injuria, disc& 
depono supercilium. 

Pecunia nacio muto na- 
turn, miles semper gaudeo 
memoro periculum, nauta 
scape soleorefero damnum, 
Egnafius antea staiuo in- 
terimo Omar, dux jube* 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



Ui> 



miles sedulo servo ordo. 

Delude commemoro situs 
beneficmm ; ut vindico de~ 
fedio socius, et compesco 
Thessalus ; ut non tantimi 
defendo,verumaugeo dig" 
nitas Mace do ; qui si is 
pmiitet, dico sui depono 
imperium et reddo ille 
munus suus ; ipse quxro 
rex qui invpero. 

Sum pr&terea complu* 
res particeps, hicce consi- 
lium, qui spes dominatia 
ho r tor, magis quam ino- 
pia aut alius nccessitudo. 
Pier "2 que juvenis, sed prcz~ 
sertim nobilis, faveo in* 
ceptum Catilina ; male 
helium quam pax, qui li- 
cet vivo in otium molliter 
et magnifice. 

The minutest plant or animal, if attentively examined, affords a 
thousand wonders, and obliges us to admire and adore that omnipo- 
tent hand which created ourselves, as well as the ©bject we admire. 

So great was the impudence of the giants that they strove to turn 
Jupiter out of heaven ; and when they began to light against the 
gods, they heaped up mountains upon mountains, and from thence 
darted trees set on fire. They hurled also massy stones and solid 
rocks, some of which, falling upon the earth again, became moun- 
tains, others fell into the sea, and became islands. 



ordered his men carefully to 
keep rank. 

T He then recites his own 
services ; how he had revenged 
the revolt of their allies, and 
quelled the Thessalians ; how 
he had not only defended, but 
advanced the dignity of the 
Macedonians ; for which if they 
were sorry he said he laid down 
his authority, and restored them 
their present ; they might seek 
a king whom they could govern. 

There were besides a great 
many accomplices of this de- 
sign, whom the hope of power 
encouraged, n^nore than want 
or any necessity. Most of the 
youth, but especially of the no- 
bility, favoured the designs of 
Catiline ; they chose war rather 
than peace, who might have 
lived in peace quietly and 
splendidly. 



GERUNDS. 
i HE gerund in 
DUM of the 
nominative case, with the 



44 



T 



GERUNDIA. 
ERUND1UM 

in DUM no- 

minativi casus cum 



verbs est, governs the da- verbo est, regit dati- 
tive. vim* 



14S AN INTRODUCTION 

I must live well. Vivendum est mihi rede. 

All must die. Moriendum est omnibus. 

■ 

Note I. This gerund always imports necessity or obligation, and 
the dative after it is the person on whom the necessity or obligation 
lies. 

Note 2. The dative is often suppressed ; as, Si pereundum sit ; sc. 
mihi, tibiyilli, nobis, vobis,illis, &»c. 

Note 3. This gerund, when it comes after a verb in the same 
clause, passes into the accusative, and^with the infinite esse, ex- 
pressed or understood, governs the dative ; as, Cic. Quoiidie medi- 
care resistendum esse iracundiie. Cees. Quibus rebus quam maturime^ 
qccurreiiduni (esse) putab at. 

45. The gerund in DI 2.GerundiuminDl 
is governed by substan- regitur a substantivis 
tives or adjectives. vel adjectivis. 

Time of reading. Tempus legmdu 

Desirous to learn. Capidus discendi. 

The substantives are such as, u amor, causa, gratia, stu- 
fe d i una, tempus, occasio, ars, facultas, otium, cupido, vc~ 
w luntas, consuetudo," &c. 

The adjectives are such as, " peritus, imperitus, cupidus, 
M insuetus, certus, rudis," and others belonging to No. 14. 

Note 1. The infinitive is sometimes used for the gerund in D, es- 
pecially by the poets ; as, Tempus abire, oecasio scribere, peritus can- 
tare ; instead of abeundi, scribendi, cantandi. 

Note 2. The governing substantive is sometimes suppressed ; as, 
€ic. Cum haber w em in animo navigandi, sc. propositum. Plaut. Huic 
ducendi interea abscesscrit, sc. voluntas. 

46. The gerund in DO 3. Gerundium in 
of the dative case is go- DO dativi casus regi- 
verned by adjectives sig- tur ab adjectivis utili- 
nifying usefulness or fit- tatem vel aptiludinem 
ness. signi/Jcantious. 
Paper useful for writing. Charta utilis scribendo. 
Iron fit for beating. Ferrwn habile timdendq. 






TO LATIN SYNTAX. UJ 

These adjectives are such as, " utilis, inutilis, aptus, in- 
" eptus, par, habilis, idoneus, accommodatus, bonus, coca- 
Cl munis," kc. 

Note I. The adjective is sometimes suppressed; as, Cic. Cum 
solvendo civiiates non essent, sc. pares vel habilts. Plin. Alexan* 
drinoeficus nonsunt vescendo, sc. idonece vel utiles. 

Note2. This gerund is sometimes governed by a verb ; as, Plaut. 
Epidicum queer endo operam dabo. Cie. Cum emnes scribendo adessent. 
Li v. Is censendo finis foetus est. 

47. The gerund in 4, Gernndium in 
DUM of the accusative DUM accusativi ca- 
case is governed by the sus regitur a prceposi- 
prepositions ad or inter, tionibus ad vel inter, 
and sometimes by ante, et interdum ad ante, 
mrca, or ob. circa, vel ob. 

Ready to hear. Promptus ad audiendum. 

Attentive in time of teaching. Attenius inter docendtim. 
A reward for teaching. Merces ob docendnm. 

Note I. This gerund is sometimes governed by the verb habeo ; 
as, Plin. Quum enit end-um haberemus. 

Note 2. It frequently supplies the place of the accusative before 
the infinitive esse or fuisse, as was already observed in Note 3, on 
No. 44. 

48. The gerund in DO 5. Gernndium in 
of the ablative case is go- DO ablativi casus re- 
verned by the prepositions gitur a prcepositioni- 
a, ab, de, e, ex, or in; but bus a, ah, de, e, ex, 
if the cause or manner of vel in; si vero rei 
a thing be signified^ the causa vel modus sig- 
preposition is generally nificelur, prcepositio 
suppressed. fere omittitur. 
Punishment frightens from sin- Pcena a peccando abster* 

ning. ret. 

Pleasure is found in learning. Voluptas capitur ex dis* 

cm do. 



.148 



AN INTRODUCTION 



I am weary with walking. 
A wife by obeying governs. 



Defessus sum amhulandQ. 
Uxor parendo impcrat. 



«Vo/el. This gerund is sometimes, though rarely, governed by 
pr» or cum; as, Plant. Pro ictpulando abs te mercedem petam. Quinct. 
Ratio rede scribendi juncta eu??i loquendo est. 

Note 2 . Gerund? are substantive nouns, and consequently subject 
to the same rules of construction with them. 



49. Gerunds of verbs 
governing the accusative, 
are elegantly turned into 
the gerundives, or parti- 
ciples in DUS, which 
agree with their substan- 
lives in gender, number 
and case. 

The affair must be managed. 
The time of managing the affair. 
Fit for managing the affair. 
To manage the affair. 
In managing the affair. 



6. Gerundia ver- 
borum accusativum re- 

gentium, vcrtuntur e- 
leganter in gerundi- 
ra, sea participia in 
DUS* quae cum svis 
substantivis in genere, 
numero, et casu, con- 
cordant. 

{ Curandum est rem. 
I Curanda est res. 
\ Tempus curandi rem. 
( Tempus cur and & rei. 
i Idoncus curando rem. 
) Idoneus curanda* rei. 
{ Ad curandum rem. 
\ Ad cur an dam rem. 
i In curando rem. 
I In curanda re. 



To these may be added the gerunds of " utor, abutor, 
;; fruor, fungor, and potior: as, Cic, " Ad vitara uten- 
u ' dam." Plin. " In fruendis voiuptatibus." Cic. " In 
■" munere fungendo." Sal). " Urbis potiundae cupido eura 
* ; invasit." 

JVWel. The meaning of the rule is, that the gerunds of active 
verbs govern the accusative; as will be more fully taught in No. 54, 
following ; but the same sense is more usually and more elegantly 
expressed by the gerundive joined with the substantive, which the 
gerund governs. And here observe, that the gerundive, with it? 
substantive, are always put in the case of the gerund. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 149 

Xote 2. In the plural we likewise say, curandce sunt res, idoneus cu- 
randis rebus, ad curandas res, and in curandis rebus, rather than curan- 
dum est res, idoneus curando res, ad curandoum res, in curando res ; but 
tempus curandarum rerum in the genitive, on account of its harsh 
sound, is seldom used j tempus cur audi res, is more usual and more 
elegant. 

JVole 3. Though the gerunds of active verbs have generally an 
active signification ; yet sometimes they seem to be used in a pas- 
sive, sense : as, Just. Aihenas erudiendi gratia missus, i. e.ut erudi- 
reiur. Sail. Cum ipse ad imperandum Tisidium vocaretur, i. e. ut 
ipse imperaretur. Yell. Ut cives ad censendumin ltaliam revocaverint, 
i. e. ut cemerctur, fyc. 



SUPINES. SUPINA. 

# , n mHE supine in . C^UPINUM in 
™' JL UM is putaf- *" © UM ponitur 
ier a verb of motion. post vcrbummotus. 

He hath gone to walk. Abiit deambulatum. 

They come to see. Spectaturn veniunt. 

JVote 1. This orpine is sometimes put after a participle ; as, Hor, 
Spectaturn admissi, risum teneatis amici? 

JVote 2. The supine in UM is a substantive noun in the accusative 
of the fourth declension, and governed by ad or in understood, or 
sometimes expressed ; as, Var. .Aon omnis tempest as apes ad pastum 
prodire longivs patitur Lucr. In commuiatum veniunt. 

JVote 3. This supine with the verb trt, constitutes the future of 
the infinitive passive, and the supine being a substantive never va- 
ries its termination ; for we do not say, illos occisos iri, but ilios oc- 
cisum iri. 

JVote 4. An expression by this supine may be varied several ways. 
Thus, instead of Venit oratum opem, we may say, 1. Venit ut oret 
opem. 2. Venit o pis or and ee causa. 3. jfenii ad orandam opem. 4. Vtnit 
opem oraiurus. 5. Venit opem orandi causa. 6 Venit ad orandum op em. 
7. Venit opi orandoe. 8 Venit qui opem oret. 9. Venit opem orare. But 
of these varieties the first four are usual and elegant ; the next four 
less ornate and more rare : and the last seldom used but by poets. 

# 51. The supine in U 2. Supinum in U 
is put after an adjective ponitur post nomen 
noun. adjectiviim. 

N 2 



150 



AN INTRODUCTION 



Easy to tell, or to be told. 
Dreadful to be mentioned. 



Facile dictu. 
Horrendum relatu. 



Note 1. It is also put after these substantives, fas, n-efas, opus ; as, 
Cic. Fas dictu. Id. JYef as dictu. Id. Quod sell u opus est. It is also' 
put after signifying motion from a place; as, Plant. JS'unc obsonatu 
redtf. Cato, Primus cubitu surgat. 

*Yoie 2. This supine is a substantive noun in the ablative of the 
fourth declension, and governed by in, e, or ex, understood, or 
sometimes expressed; as, Qninct. In receptu diflicilis. Virg. E 
pasttt uitulos adtecla reducit. 

Nott 3. An expression by this supine may be varied several ways. 
Thus, instead of Utile cognitu, we may say, 1. Cognosci utile. 2. Ad 
cognoscendum utile 3. Cognitione utile. 



44. I must ride, but you must 
walk. 

We must fight stoutly with 
our vices. 

You ought to beware, lest you 
fall into a distemper. 

He must fly, but they must 
figot, that they may be safe. 

45. The lust of governing 
is more violent than all the 
other passions* 

The gods have given you 
itches, and the art of enjoying 
them 

In a new kind of war, new 
methods of carrying on the war 
are necessary. 

Dionysius obliged the physi- 
cians to give his father a sleepy 
dose, lest Dion should have an 
op Htuuity of tampering with 
him 

This man is courageous in 
danger, prudent in his conduct, 
and skilled in carrying on a 
war. 

He acknowledges himself to 



Equitandum sum ego, 
sed ambulaudum sum tu. 

Pugnandum sum ego 
fortiter cum vitium noster. 

Cavendutn sum tu, ne 
incido in morbus. 

Fugiendum sum is, at 
dimicandum sum il'p, ut 
sum salvus. 

Cup it to do mina n dum 
sum jia grans functus ali- 
us atfectus. 

JJeus do tu divitice, 
arsque fruendum. 

la novus genus helium 
novas ratio betlaudum 
sum necessarius. 

Dionysius cogo medicus 
do pater sopor, ne Dion 
sum pot est as agendum 
cum is. 

Hie vir sum fortis ad 
periculum, prude ns ad 
consilium, etpsriius bel- 
ligerandiim. 

Fateor sui sum rudh 






TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



151 



be unskilled in pleading, but 
not unacquainted with war. 

A great many young men 
take pleasure in horses and 
dogs, and are fond of hunting. 

46. Bituminous and nitrous 
water is good to be drunk. 

Nature hath given the frogs 
legs fit for swimming. 

This is common to studying 
and writing, that good health 
contributes a great deal to both. 

47. Wisdom provides things 
to us for living happily. 

The ranhians are more dis- 
posed to act than to speak. 

As we walk we will talk to- 
gether about the great works 
of God. 

Nobody ought to receive a 
reward for accusing. 

48. Lazy boys are soon dis- 
couraged from learning. 

No question is now made 
about living well. 

Greater glory is required by 
defending than by accusing. 

The spirit of the Cantabrians 
was obstinate in rebelling. 

The dog by barking discov- 
ered the thieves. 

Scipio reformed the sodiers 
by exercising rather than by 
punishing. 

C&esar, by giving, by reliev- 
ing, and forgiving, acquired 
great glory. 

49. Friends ought to be ad- 
monished and chid, and that 



dicendum, at non ignarus 
helium. 

Pluriinus adolescens 
gaudeo equus et canis, et 
sum studiosus venandum* 

Biiuminatus et nifrosus 
aqua sumutilis bibendum* 
• Natv.ra do rana crus ap- 
tus natandum 

II le sum communis ed 
is cendum scribendum que, 
quod bonus valetudo con- 
few plurimum uterque* 

Sapient ia eomparo res 
ego ad heate vivendum. 

Part hi sum promptus ad 
faciendum quam aidicen- 
dum. 

Inter ambulandum con- 
fahidor de magnus opus 
Deus. 

Nemo debeo accipioprcfr* 
mium ob accusandum. 

Ignavuspuer cito deter- 
reo a discendum. 

Nullus qimstiojam mo- 
veo de bene vivendum. 

V her gloria eomparo ex 
defendendum quam ex ac- 
cusandum. 

Animus Cantabrus sum 
pertinax in rebellandum, 

Canis latrandum prodo 
fur. 

Scipio corn go miles ex- 
en cendum magis quam 
puniendum. 

Ccesar, dandum, suble- 
vandum y et ignoscendum 7 
magnus gloria adipiscor. 

Amicus sum tnpnendus 
ct objurgandu$ 9 et is sum 



152 



AN INTRODUCTION 



ought to be taken kindly which 
is done with a good intention. 

Why do you hesitate ? says 
he ; or what place of trying our 
courage do you expect ? This 
day shall determine concerning 
our disputes. 

Old oil is said to be good for 
clearing ivory from rottenness. 

Claudius was a modest man, 
tenacious of what was just, and 
fit for managing the common- 
wealth. 

The boy is fit for bearing the 
burden ; but this place is pro- 
per ior spreading the nets. 

All the cities of Greece con- 
tributed money for equiping a 
fleet, and raising an army. 



Men use care in purchasing 
a horse, and are negligent in 
choosinsr friends. 



50. This man came to Caesar 
to entreat that he would pardon 
iiioa. 

Maecenas went to diversion, 
I and Virgil went to bed. 

51. A true friend is a thing 
hard to be found. 

Let nothing filthy to be spo- 
ken, or to be seen, touch those 
doors, within which there is a 
child: 

U \ general must endeavour 
to accustom his soldiers to ob- 
serve the tricks, plots, and stra- 
tagems of the enemy, and vvha- 
is proper to pursue, and what 
to avoid. 



accipiendus amice qui be 
nevohfio. 

Quid dubito ? inquam; 
aut quis locus probandus 
virtus expecto ? Hie dies 
judico de noster conir Over- 
sea. 

Veins oleum dico sum 
utilis vindicandus efair a 
caries. 

Claudius sum vir modes- 
tus, tenax justum, et ido- 
neus gerendus respublica. 

Puer sum par fereifdus 
onus ; sed hie locus sum 
habilis pandendus re'ee. 

Omnis civitas Groecla 
do pecunia ad cedificandus 
class is, et comparandus 
exercitus. 

Homo adhibeo cura in 
parandus equus, et sum 
ntgligens in deligeiidus 
amicus. 

Hie homo venio ad Cce- 
sar or alum ui ignosco sui. 

Mc&cenas eo lusum, ego 
Virgil iusque eo dormitum. 

Vents amicus sum res 
difficilis invent u. 

Nil f (Bails dictu visuve 
tango hie limen intra qui 
puer sum. 

Laborandum sum dux 
ut conmefacio miles cog- 
nosco dolus, msidix, et ar- 
tifidum hostisy et quis con~ 
venit sequoTj quisoue vito. 



- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



tSS 



After a long series of ages, 
the birds phoenix came into E- 
gypt, and furnished an occasion 
to the most Jearned of the na- 
tives and Greeks of making 
speculations on that prodigy. 

In that battle the general was 
wounded ; who, when he saw 
his men slaughtered, demanded 
by a crier the bodies of the 
slain for burial : for this among 
the Greeks is a sign o( the vic- 
tory's being yielded up : with 
which confession the Thebans 
be^ng content, gave the signal 
of giving quarter. 

While each of the states of 
txreece are ambitious of domi- 
neeeririg, they were ail ruined ; 
for Philip king of Macedonia 
plotted against their common li- 
berty ; he fomented the quarrels 
of the state, gave assistance to 
the weaker, and at last reduced 
all, the conquerors and con- 
quered alike, under his power. 

The Carthaginians attempt- 
ed to renew the war, and excit- 
ed the Sardinians, who by an 
article of the peace were oblig- 
ed to be subject to the Romans, 
to rebel ; an embassy, however, 
of the Carthaginians came to 
Rome and obtained peace. 

How desperately the fight 
was maintained the event show- 
ed ; none of the enemies surviv- 
ed the battle. The place that 
every one had received in fight- 
ing, that he covered with his 
body. Catiline was found a 
great way from his men amongst 
the carcases of the enemies. 



Post longus ambitus s-e- 
culum, avis phoznix venio 
in JEgyptus, prcebeoque 
materies doctus indigena 
et Groecus disserendum su- 
per is miraculum. 

In is pr odium dux vul- 
nero ; qui, cum video suus 
c(Edo,poscoperprcecu cor- 
pus interfectus ad sepuliu- 
ra ; hie enim apud Grazcus 
sum signum victoria tradi- 
tus : qui confessio Theba- 
nus contentus, do signum 
parcendum. 

Dum singulus civitas 
Grazcia sumcupidus domi- 
nandum,omnis pereo; nam 
Philippus rex Macedonia 
insidior communis liber- 
tas ; alo contentio civitas y 
fero auxilium inferus, et 
tandem redigo omnis, vic- 
tor et victus pariter, sub 
suus potestas. 

Cartkaginiensis tento re- 
paro bellum, et impello 
Sardiniensis qui ex condi- 
tio pax debeo pareo Roma- 
nus, ad rebellandum ; 
leg alio, tamen, Cartkagi- 
niensis ad Roma venio , et 
pax impetro, 

Quam atrociter dimico, 
exitus doceo ; nemo hostis 
supersumbellum. Qui lo- 
cus quis inpugnandum ca- 
pio, is corpus tego. Cati- 
lina longe a suus inter hos-» 
tis cadaver reperio-. 



154 



AN INTRODUCTION 



Eumenes being thus receiv- 
ed by the Argyraspides, by de- 
grees assumes the command ; 
first by admonishing,and then by 
gently correcting, he brought 
it to pass that nothing could be 
done in the camp without him. 

Clearchus thought the dis- 
agreement of the people an op- 
portunity of seizing the go- 
vernment ; wherefore he con- 
fers first with Mithridates, the 
enemy of his countrymen, and 
promises to betray the city to 
him ; but afterwards he turned 
the plot which he had formed 
against bis countrymen upon 
Mithridates himself. But faith 
ought to be kept. 

All the sons of Hanno, not 
only those that appeared fit for 
assuming the government, but 
the rest also, and all his rela- 
tions, are delivered up to pun- 
ishment ; that no one of so 
wicked a family might be left, 
either to imitate his villainy, or 
to revenge his death. 

The Phocensians fly to arms ; 
but there was neither leisure 
to prepare for war, nor time to 
get together auxiliaries ; they 
are slaughtered, therefore, 
every where, and carried oil. 
The miserable people had one 
comfort, that, as Philip had 
cheated his allies of their part 
of the plunder, they saw none 
of their goods in the hands of 
their enemies. 

When he came to the admi- 



Eumenes ita receptus ah 
Argyraspidce, paulatim u- 
surpo iiiiperium ; primum 
monendum, mox blande 
cor rigendum officio , ut ni~ 
hil possum ago in castra 
sine Me. 

Clearchus existimo dis- 
sensio poptdus oecasio in- 
vadendiis tyrannis; itaque 
colloquor primo cum Mu 
thridatesy civis suns hostis 
etpromitto prodo urbs is ; 
posted autern verto insidiaz 
qui civis paro in ipse Mi- 
thridates. Scdjides sum 
servandus. 



Omnisjilius Hanno,non 
tantum is qui video habilis 
capessendus respublica y 
sed center quoque.omnisqiie 
cognatus, trado supplici- 
um ; ne quisquam ex tarn 
nef drills domus super sum % 
cut ad imitandus scelus, 
ant ad ulciscendus mors. 
P hoe en sis ad anna con- 
fngio; sedneque sum spa- 
tin in instruendus bellum, 
usque tempus ad contra- 
hendus auxilium ; cazdo, 
ig Hit r , p assim , rapioque . 
Unas solatium miser sum^ 
quod, cum Phil ippiisf ran- 
do socius portio prceda, 
video nihil res suus opud 
inimicus. 

Cum venie ad ad mini- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



ids 



nistration of the government, 
he did not think so much of go- 
verning as of increasing his 
kingdom : wherefore he subdu- 
ed the Scythians, till that time 
invincible, who had cut off 
Sopyrio, a general of Alexander 
the Great, and had slain Cyrus, 
king of the Persians, with two 
hundred thousand. 

Lysander, when he found by 
his scouts, that the Athenians 
were gone ashore to plunder, 
and that the ships were left al- 
most empty, did not let slip the 
opportunity of doing his busi- 
ness, and so put an end to the 
whole war. 

Whilst these things are do- 
ing in Egypt, king Dejoratus 
comes to Demetrius, to entreat 
that he would not suffer the 
lesser Armenia, his kingdom, 
to be laid waste by Pharnaces. 

Among the ancient Romans 
some matron of approved and 
well known morals was made 
choice of, to whom was com- 
mitted all the children of the 
family, in whose presence it 
was neither allowable to speak 
what appeared shameful to be 
said, nor to do what was inde- 

S. cent to be done. 
\ When the enemies saw Alex- 
lander alone, they flock together 
I from all quarters; nor did he 
ess courageously resist, and 
lone fight against so many 
housands. It is incredible to be 
'said, that not the multitudes of 
the eaemites nor the vast nuna- 



stratio regnum y non tarn 
cogito de regendum quam 
de augendus regnum ; ita- 
que perdomo Scythce, us- 
que ad id tempus invictus, 
qui deleo Sopyrio, dux 
Alexander Magnus, et 
trucido Cyrus, rex Persia^ 
cum ducenti mille. 

Lysander, cum per spe- 
culator eomperio, Atheni- 
ensis exeo prcedatum, na- 
visque relictus sum pene 
inanis, tempus gerendus 
res non dimitto, atqut it& 
totus helium deleo. 

Dum hie in JEgyptus 
gero, rex Dejoratus ad 
Demetrius venio, orativm 
ne patior Armenia minor 9 
regnum situs 9 vasto' a 
Pharnaces. 

Apud vetus Romanus 
aliquis matrona probatus 
speciatusque 6 mos eligo^ 
qui committo omnis sobo- 
lesfamilia, coram qui ne- 
que fas sum dico qui ci- 
deo turpis dictu, nequt 
facio qui sum inhonestm 
facta. 

Cum hostis conspicio 
Alexander solus, undique 
concurro nee minus con-* 
stanter resisto, et unus 
prcellor adversus tot mille 
Sum incredibi is dictu,ut 
non multitudo hostis, non 
ms magnns tehm, mn- 



156 AN INTRODUCTION 

ber of weapons, nor so great tantus clamor lacessens 
shout of those that attacked him terreo, ut solus ccbdo ac 
should fright him, that he alone fugo tot mille. 
should slaughter and put to flight 
so many thousands. 

The last and dreadful day will soon approach, when we must all 
appear before our judge. What consternation will then seize the 
wicked ! That mighty hand, which once opened the windows of 
heaven and broke up the fountains of the great deep, will then un- 
lock all the magazines of fire, and pour a second deluge on the earth. 
The everlasting mountains will then melt like the snow which covers 
their summits, and all nature will be laid in ashes. 

Ceres is the goddess of fruits, she first taught the art of plough- 
ing and sowing. Before her time the earth lay rough and unculti- 
vated, covered with briers and full of weeds, and the people lived 
on acorns. 

How wonderful are the birds ! A passage through the air, wiiich 
has been denied to other animals, is open to them. They are capable 
of soaring up to the clouds ; they suspend their bodies and continue 
motionless in an element lighter than themselves. They remount, 
and then precipitate themselves to the earth like a descending stone. 
Virgil describes the seasons, and gives the sign of the weather 
proper for sowing, planting, grafting, and reaping. 

When men are freed from the business and cares of life, they are 
generally more inclined to hear and to learn ; but they mistake 
when they consider the knowledge of abstruse and strange things as 
necessary to living happily. 

When Ceres was weary with travelling, and thirsty, she came to a 
cottage, and begged a little water of an «old woman that lived there :- 
The old woman not only gave her water, but also barley broth ; which 
when the goddess supped up greedily, the woman's son Stellio, a 
saucy boy, mocked her. Ceres beiug thus provoked., threw some of 
the broth into the boy's face, and metamorphosed him into an evet. 
A good man enjoyeth the tranquillity of his own breast, and re- 
Joiceth in the happiness and prosperity of his neighbour; he open- 
eth not his ear unto slander; the faults and failings of men give a 
pain to his heart. His desire is to do good ; and in removing the op- 
pression of others, he relieveth himself. 

Here is the place whither we are come to bathe, you may walk 
along the side of the river, I with my maid will repair to the grove, 
to enjoy the cool shade. 

The poets tell many stories hard to be believed : They say, that 
when Prometheus stole fire from heaven, Jupiter was incensed, and 
sent Pandora to Prometheus with a sealed box ; but Prometheus 
would not receive it. Jupiter sent her again with the same box to 
the wife of Epimetheus, the brother of Prometheus ; and she be 7 *ng 
curious, as is natural to her sex, opened it, whereupon all sorts of 
diseases and evils with which it was filled, flew out amongst man- 
.Mn& 3 and have infested them ever since. 



T0 LATIN SYNTAX, 157 

RULE X. REG. X. 



52. 



P 



ARTICIPLES, 

gerunds, and 
supines govern the case 
of their own verbs. 



PARTICIPIA, 
gerundia, et su- 



pina, regunt casum 
suorum verborum. 



Loving virtue. 

Wanting guile. 

Having got riches. 

Having forgot your own affairs. 

About to write a letter. 

Going to accuse him of theft. 

Fond of reading books. 

We must improve time. 

They came to complain of in- 
juries. 

I shall go to serve the Grecian 
dames. 



Avians virtutem. 
Caren-s fraude. 
Nadus divitias. 
Oblitus rerum tttarum* 
Scripturiis literas. 
Accusatarus eum furti. 
Cupidus legendi libidos. 
Utendum est estate. 
Venerunt questum injuri- 

as. 
Gratis servitum matribus 

ibo. 



Kotel. The participle in DUS governs the dative by No. 17.— ■ 
A nd the supine in U has no case after it. 

Note 2. Participles, gerunds, and supines, partake both of the 
nature of a noun and of a verb ; and accordingly admit of a twofold 
construction. In the first respect, participles are construed as other 
adjectives, and the gerunds and supines, like other substantive 
nouns ; but as they partake of the nature of a verb, they govern 
the case of the verbs from whence they come. 

Note 3. VERBAL nouns, as well substantives as adjectives, some- 
times govern the case of their verbs ; as, Cic. Juslitia est obtempra- 
iio scriptis legibiis. Sail. Insidice consult nonprocedebant. Ovid Ig- 
nis aquce pugnax. Just. Gratulabundus patHoz. Gall. Popuiabundus 
agros. Liv. Vitabundus castra hostium. 

Note 4. Exosus, perosus, always, and pertasus often govern the ac- 
cusative ; as, Ovid, Tcedas exosa jugales. Liv.- Plebs consulam no- 
men perosa Suet. Perlazsus ignaviam suam. But pertcesus some- 
times takes the genitive ; as, Tac. Lenliludinis eorum pertcesa. 

Note' 5. The gerunds in DI, in imitation of the substantive nouns, 
instead of the accusative, sometimes governs the genitive plural ; 
as, Plaut. Nominandi istorum trit copia. Cic. Facultas agroruity 
condemandi. 

Note 6. The verbs do, reddo, volo, euro, facto, habeo, with a par* 
ticiple perfect in the accusative, are often used by the way of cir» 

o 



158 



AN INTRODUCTION 



cumloeution, instead of the verb of the participle J as, Ter. Effect* 
urn dabo, i.e. efficiam. Id. Invent as reddam, i. e. eus invention. Id. 
Vos oratos volo,i. e. vosoro. Id. Memissumfac, i. e. we mi'/le. 

JVtoe 7. The verbs euro, habeo, mando, loco, conduco, do, tribuo, ao 
cipio.?nitto, relinquo, and some others, instead of the infinitive or 
subjunctive, are elegantly construed with the participle in DUS, 
joined with a substantive; as, Cic. Funuset amplum faciendum cur- 
avi; instead of fieri, or ut fieret. Id. Demits nos philosophies exca* 
tendos, fyc. 



The Asiatics, remembering 
the dignity of Berenice's father, 
and pitying her hard fortune, 
sent aid. 

Perseus, forgetting his fa- 
ther's fortune, bid his soldiers 
remember the old glory of 
Alexander. 

Junius Silanus, being asked 
his opinion concerning those 
that were detained in prison, 
voted that punishment ought 
to be inflicted. 

Pausanias too, the other ge- 
neral of the Lacedemonians, 
being accused of treachery 
went into banishment. 

Good magistrates, promoting 
the public interest, observing 
the laws, and favouring virtue, 
are worthy of honour. 

Alexander, king of Egypt, 
dreading the cruelty of his mo- 
ther, and preferring a secure 
and a safe life before a king- 
dom, left her. 

Darius went about encourag- 
ing his men, and putting them 
in mind of the ancient glory 
of the Persians, and of the per- 
petual possession of empire 
given him by the gods. 
)- Having got Egypt without 
any contest, he goes into Li- 



Asiatici, recordans 4 
dignitas pater Beronic% 
et misertus is in di gnus 
fortuna, mitto auxilium. 

Perseus, oblitus pater 
fortuna, jubeo suus miles 
reminiscor vetus gloria 
Alexander. 

Junius Silanus.rogatus 
sententia de hie qui in cus~ 
todia teneo, decerno sup- 
plicium sum sumendus. 

Pausanias quoque, alter 
dux Lacedcemonius, accu- 
satus proditio, abeo in ex- 
ilium. 

Bonus magistrates, ser- 
viens communis utilitas 3 
parens /car, etfavens vir- 
tus, sum dignus honor. 

Alexander, rex JEgyp- 
rws, timens crudelitas ma- 
ter, et anteponens securus 
et tutus vita regnum, re- 
Ihtquo is. 

Darius circumeo hortans 
suus, et admonens is vetus 
gloria Persa, et perpetuus 
possessio imperium datus 
sui a deiis. 

Potitus JEgyptus sine 
certamen,pergo in Libya, 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



15& 



bya, designing to visit the tem- 
ple of Jupiter Hammon, and 
consult him concerning the 
event of the war. 

Boys are not to be glutted 
with meat ; for we cannot use 
our reason well, being filled 
with much meat and drink. 

Many men abounding in 
gold and flowing in wealth, can- 
not deliver their minds from 
cares ; no possession therefore is 
to be valued more than virtue. 

Tiberius seldom used the 
Greek language, and abstained 
from it chiefly in the senate, in- 
somuch that being about to men- 
tion the word monopolium, he 
asked pardon because he was 
obliged to make use of a foreign 
word. 

Sylla for a long time so be- 
haved himself, that he seemed 
to have no thought of setting 
up for the consulship. 

There will be no other more 
seasonable time of delivering 
ourselves from the dread of the 
Carthaginians than now, whilst 
they are weak and needy. 

After this the Carthaginians 
sent generals into Sicily, to pro- 
secute the remains of the war, 
with whom Agathocles made a 
peace. 

It would be tedious to recount 
what Annibal has done against 
us, and our armies by plunder- 
ing our cities, and killing our 
fellow-soldiers. 

The Bituriges sent deputies 
to Cffisar to complain of injuries. 



visurus templum Jupiter 
Hammon, et consulturus is 
de eventus helium. 

Puer non sum implendus 
cibus ; non enim possum 
utor mens rede, completm 
multus cibus et potio. 

Maltus homo abundans 
aurwn, et circumjlucns di- 
vitice, non possum libero 
animus cura ; nullus pos- 
sessio igitur sum plus ces* 
timandus quam virtus. 

Tiberius raro utor Gra- 
ms sermo, abstineoquz 
maxime in senatus^ adeo 
quidem ut, nominaturus 
■yox monopolium, postulo 
venia, quod sui utendum 
sum verbum pere.grinus. 

Sylla diu ita sui gerp, 
ut videor habeo nullus co- 
gitatio petendum consulcc- 
ius. 

Non sum alius opportu- 
nus tempus liberandam 
ego metus Carthaginien- 
sis quam nunc, dum sum 
infirmus et egenus. 

Post hie PfBni mitto dux 
in Sicilia, ad persequen- 
dum reliquicB helium, cum 
qui Agathocles pax facio. 

Longus sum recenseo 
qui Annibal patro in ego 
exercitusque noster, popu- 
landum urbs, et interjici- 
endum commilito. 

Bituriges mitto legatus 
ad CcBsar ones turn de in- 



160 



AN INTRODUCTION 



and to beg assistance against 
the Carnutes. 

Timoleon took Memercus, 
the Italian general, a warlike 
man, and of great power, who 
had come into Sicily to assist 
the tv rants. 

% All the soldiers of Alexan- 
der, forgetting their wives and 
children, looked upon the Per- 
sian gold, and the riches of all 
the east as their plunder ; nor 
did they talk of wars and dan- 
gers, but the riches which they 
hoped to obtain. 

Lysimachus being wont to 
hear Callisthenes, and receive 
precepts of virtue from him, 
pitying so great a man suffering 
the punishment not of any 
crime, but his freedom, gave 
him poison for a remedy of his 
misery : which Alexander took 
so ill, that he ordered him to 
be delivered to a very fierce 
lion. 

The conditions of peace of- 
fered to Antiochus king of 
Asia were these : That Asia 
should be the Romans ; that he 
should have the kingdom of Sy- 
ria; that he should deliver up 
all his ships, prisoners, and de- 
serters, and restore the Romans 
the whole charge of the war. 

God though angry with sin, 
invites sinners to repentance ; 
he offers them eternal happiness 
in heaven ; but they despise his 
mercy, and hearken to the de- 
vil, who endeavours to tempt 
them to wickedness. They re- 



juria, et petition auxilium 
contra Carnutes. 

Timoleon capio Mamer- 
cus, It aliens dux,homo bel- 
licosus et potens, qui venio 
in Siciiia adjutum tyran- 
nies. 

Omnis miles Alexander, 
ohlitus conjuxet liberi, du- 
co Persicus aurum, et opis 
totus oriens, ut smis prce- 
da; nee memini helium et 
periculum, sed diviticz qui 
spero obtineo. 

Lysimachus solitus au- 
dio Callisthenes, et accipw 
prteceptum virtus ab is 9 
misertus tantus vir pen- 
dens pozna^non culpa, sed 
libertas, do is venenum in 
remedium calamitas ; qui 
Alexander fero tamcegre y 
utjubeo is tradoferox leo. 



Conditio pax oblatus An- 
tiochus ? rex Asia, sum hie: 
Ut Asia sum Romanus; ut 
ille habeo regnum Syria ; 
ut trado universus navis, 
captivus, et transfuga, et 
restituo totus sumptus hel- 
ium Romanus. 

Deus, licet iratus pec- 
catum, invito peccator ad 
pcenitentia: offer o ille ceter- 
nus felicitas in caelum ; 
sed contenmo is misericor- 
dia, et pareo diabolus, qui 
conor pellido is ad scelus 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



161 



pent of their sins when it is too 
late, and their repentance can- 
not profit them, that is, when 
they suffer the punishment due 
to their folly. 

Antoninus was a man of an 
illustrious family, but not very 
ancient, and who deservedly 
may be compared with Numa; 
he was cruel to nobody, kind 
to all, seeking out the most just 
men to manage the govern- 
ment, giving honour to the good, 
detesting the wicked, no less 
venerable than terrible to kings ; 
he was called pious, on account 
of his clemency. 

It was a thing worth the sight, 
to see Xerxes lurking in a small 
vessel, whom a little before the 
whole sea hardly contained ; 
wanting likewise the attendance 
of servants, whose army, by 
reason of their number, were 
burdensome to the earth. 

Epaminondas was modest, 
prudent, steady, wisely using 
the times, skilled in war, of a 
great spirit, a lover of truth, 
merciful, not only bearing with 
the injuiies of the people, but 
his friends too ; he was exer- 
cised very much in running and 
wrestling, and employed a great 
deal of his application in arms. 

Philip sends deputies to A- 
theas, king of the Scythians, 
desiring a part of the expense of 
the siege. Atheas, blaming the 
rigour of the climate, and the 
barrenness of the land, which 

O 



Pcenitet is peccatum quart* 
do sum sew , et pcenitentia 
sum non possum prosum 
is, is sum, cum do parna 
debitus stultitia suits. 

Antoninus sum tit cla- 
ms 6 genus,sed non admo- 
dum vetus, et qui merito 
confero Numa ; sum acer- 
bic* nullus, benignus cunc- 
fus, queer ens Justus ad ad- 
m inistrandus respublica, 
habens honor bonus, de- 
testans improbus, non mi- 
nus venerabilis quam ter- 
tibilis rex ; phis propter 
dementia dico. 

Sum res dignus specta- 
culum video Xerxes latens 
in exiguus navigium, qui 
paido ante vix omnis ce- 
quor capio ; carens etiam 
minister ium servus, qui 
exercitus, propter multitu- 
do, sum gravis terra. 

Epaminondas sum mo- 
destus, pmdens, gravis. 
sapienter utens tempus,pe- 
ritus bellum, via gnus 6 a- 
nimus,dili gens Veritas, cle- 
mens > non solum fer ens in- 
juria populus, sed etiam 
am kits; exerceo plurimum 
currendum et htctandum, 
et con sumo plurimum sta- 
dium in arma. 

Pkilippus miito legatus 

ad Atheas, rex Scytha.pe- 
tens poriio impensa ob- 
sidio. Atheas, causatus 
inclement iaccelum, et ster-> 
ilitas terra, qui non dito 
2 



162 



AN INTRODUCTION 



did not enrich the Scythians 
with wealth, replied, That he 
had no riches wherewith he 
might satisfy so great a king, 
and that he thought it more 
scandalous to do but a little, 
than to refuse the whole. 

Alexander, fond of high titles 
ordered himself to be adored. 
The most violent among the re- 
cusants was Callisthenes, which 
thing brought ruin on him, and 
on many of the great n en of 
Macedonia ; for they were all 
put to death under pretence of 
a plot. Nevertheless, the cus- 
tom of saluting their king was 
retained by the Macedonians. 

Many cities of Greece came 
to complain of the injuries of 
Philip, king of Macedonia ; but 
such a dispute arose in the sen- 
ate betwixt Demetrius, Philip's 
son, whom his father had sent 
to satisfy the senate, and the de- 
puties of the cities, that, to 
sooth their minds, and to com- 
pose the differences, there was 
need of threats. 

They do not believe there are 
any gods, and he thinks they 
are to be saved, to avoid the 
odium of gods and men. But I 
think the gods have reduced 
the Carthaginians to this condi- 
tion, that they may suffer the 
punishment of their impiety; 
who, by breaking the treaties 
made with us in Sicily, Spain, 
Italy, and Africa, have brought 
upon us the heaviest calamities. 

When both the prayers and 
the threats of the deputies were 



Scytlm patrimonium, res* 

poncho, Nullus sui opis 
sum qui expleo tantus rex, 
et puto turpis defungor 
parvus, quam abnuo to- 
tus. 

Alexander, gaudens 
magnus titubis, jubeo sui 
adoro. Acer inter recu- 
sans sum Callisthenes, qui 
sum exitium Me, et multus 
princeps Macedonia : nam 
omnis interficio, sub spe- 
cies insidioe. Tamen, mos 
salutandum rex retineo a 
Macedo. 

Multus civitas Gratia 
venio question de injuria 
Philippus,rex Macedonia ; 
scd tantus disceptatio orior 
in senatus inter Demetrius, 
Phil ppits fdius, qui pater 
mitto ad satisfaciendum 
senatus, et legatus civitas, 
ut ad mitigandus animus, 
et ad componendus lis, 
opus sum mince. 

Non credo sum deus, et 
ille censeo is sum servan- 
dus ad vitandus invidia 
deus homoque. At ego 
puto deus redigo Pawns in 
hie status, utluopcena im- 
pzetas ; qui, violandum 
fcedus ictus egocmn in Si- 
cilia, Hispania, Italia, et 
Africa, infero ego gravis 
calamitas. 

Cum et precis et min(Z 
legatus sperno, annatus 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



163 



slighted, they came armed to 
the city ; there they called gods 
and men to witness, that they 
came not to force but to reco- 
ver their country ; and would 
show their countrymen, that not 
their courage, but fortune, had 
failed them in the former war. 
The Helvetii by this time 
had carried their forces through 
the straits and the territories 



ad urbs venio ; ibi deus 
homoque testor, sui venio 
non expugnatum, sed re- 
cuperatum p atria ; os- 
tensurusque civis suus, 
non virtus, sed for tun a, 
desum sui in prior bellurru 
Helvetii jam transduco 
suus copia per angustia 
et finis Sequani, et per- 
venio in finis JEdui,pop- 



of the Sequani, and had come 

into the dominions of the iEdui, ulorque is ager ; JEdui, 
and were ravaging their coun- quum non possum def en- 
try ; the iEdui, as they were 
not able to defend themselves 
and their possessions against 
them, sent deputies to Csesar 
to beg assistance. 



do sui suusque ab hie, 
mitto legatus ad Casar 
rogatum auxilium. 



Demetrius compares prosperity to the indulgence of a fond mo- 
ther, which often ruins the child ; but he compares the affection of 
the Divine Being to that of a wise father, who would have his sons 
to labour, to feel disappointment and pain, that they may gather 
trength and improve their fortitude. There is not on earth, says 
he, a spectacle more worthy the regard of a Creator intent upon his 
works, than a brave man superior to his .sufferings ; it must be a 
pleasure to Jupiter himself to look down from heaven,, and see Ca- 
to, amidst the ruins of his country, preserving his integrity. 

Bacchus is said to have taught the art of planting- the vine, of 
aking honey, and tilling the ground ;, but the ass of Nauplia also 
jserves praise, who used to gnaw the vines, and so taught men the 
art of pruning them. 



§ 4. Trie construction of C1R- § 4. Constructio Circum- 

CVMSTANCES. stantiarum. 

1. The Cause, Manner, and 1. Causa, Modus, et In- 

Instrument. strumentum. 



*53. 



■T 



RULE XI. 

HE cause man- 
ner, and in- 



c 



REG. XI. 

AUSA, modus 3 
et in$trumcn!um 9 



164 AN INTRODUCTION 

strument is put in the ab- ponuntur in abla- 
lativc. tivo. 

I am pale for fear. Palleo metu. 

He did it after his own way. Fecit suo more. 

I write with a pen. Scribo calamo. 

JVbfe 1. The CAUSE is known by the question CUR ? or QUA- 
KE? Why? Wherefore f The MANNER by the question QUO- 
MOD 0? JIow9 And the INSTRUMENT by the question QUO- 
CUM? Wherewith. 

.Vote 2. The ceruse sometimes takes the prepositions per, propter-) 
or ds,e, ex,prce: as, Cic. Legibus propter metumparet. Id. Cum e 
via ianguerem. Id. Nee loqui pne mcrrore potuit. 

Note 3. The maimer frequently admits the preposition cum, and 
sometimes de } e, ex, or per; as, Cic. Semper mugno cum metu dieere 
incipio. Virg Solifo matrum dc more locuia ed. Cic. Quod adeptm 
est perscelus, id per luxuriant effundit. 

Note 4. The instrument seldom or never admits the preposition 
cum, but it is expressed sometimes with a or a6, by the poets ; as, 
Ovid, Hijaculo pisces, illi capiunlur an homo. But here observe, that 
cum is generally expressed with the ablative of contormtancy, vhich 
signifies something to be in company with another thing ; as, Ingres- 
sussst cum .giudio. He entered with a sword, i. e. having a sword with 
liim, or about him. In like manner, Cic. Desinant obsidere cum gla- 
diis curiam. Id. Ul Vellius inforo eum-pugione comprehenderefur. 

Note 5. To the cause may be referred the matter of which any 
thing is made ; as, Liv, Capilolium saxo quad rata substruction. Virg. 
JEre cavo clypcus. But the preposition is more frequently express- 
ed ; as, Cic. Pocula ex auro. Virg. Temp turn de mannore. Ca?s. 
Naves faclcz ex roborc. Cic. Candelabrum factum e gemmis. 

Note 8. To the r/umner may be referred the means by ivhich ; as, 
Cic. Amicos obstrvantia rem parsimoniarelit&it. SalL llaic quia bonce 
artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit : and the respect wherein; 
as, Cic. Floruit cum acu,.. 7. turn admlrabili quod am lepore 

diceudi. Id. Scipio armies sale face'.iuque superabat. Cces Pama nobiles 
poitntesque bello. These also sometimes have the preposition ex- 
pressed. 

1. Caesar was esteemed great Caesar habeo magnus 

for his favours and generosity, her.eficium ac rtmnyiAen- 

Cato for the integrity of his tia Cato integritas vita, 
life. 

Ciay hardens and wax softens Limits duresco et cerali- 

hy one and the satiie fire. quesco unus idemqiie ig- 
nis. 

Wrong nobody for thy own Nemo violotuus c&nmo- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



IW 



interest's sake ; men were born 
for the sake of men. 

2. Pausanias feasted afler the 
manner of the Persians, more 
luxuriously than them that were 
with him could endure. 

Xerxes was conquered more 
fey the contrivance of Themisto- 
eles, than the arms of Greece, 

Syria was desolated by an 
earthquake, wherein a hundred 
and seventy thousand men and 
many cities perished. 

Mithridates was a man very 
brisk in war, extraordinary for 
courage, a general for conduct, 
a soldier in action, a Hannibal 
for spite against the Romans. 

3. Alexander stabbed his 
most dear friend Clitus with a 
sword. 

They cut down the wood, 
which hung over the way, with 
hatchets. 

Nero fished with golden nets, 
which he drew with chords of 
purple silk. 

The Metapontini show, in the 
temple of Minerva, the iron 
tools with which Epeus made 
the Trojan horse. 

Antonius fills the houses nigh 
the walls with the bravest of 
the soldiers, who forced away 
the defenders with trees, cud- 
gels, tiles, and torches. 

Fulvius surrounded the lurk- 
ing places of the enemy with 
fire, Posthumius so disarmed 
them, that he scarce left them 
iron wherewith the ground 
might be tilled. 



dum gratia ; homo home 
causa genero. 

Pausanias epulor, mos 
Persce, luxuriose quam 
qui adsum possum per- 
petior. 

Xerxes vinco magis 
consilium Themistocles., 
quam arma Grcecia. 

Syria vasto terra mo- 
tus, qui centum et septu- 
aginta mille homo et 
multus urbs pereo. 

Mithridates sum vir a- 
cer bellum, eximius vir- 
tus, dux consilium, miles 
manus, Hannibal odium 
in Romanus. 

Alexander tramfodie 
mrus suus amicus Clitvs 
gladius. 

Excido sylva, qui irn- 
mineo via, tecuris. 

Nero piscor aureus 
rete, qui extraho blatteus 
funis. 

Metapontini ostento, 
in templum Minerva, 
ferramentum, qui Epeus 
fabrico Trojanus equus. 

Antonius compleo tec- 
tum propinquus murus 
fort is miles, qui deturbo 
propugnator trabsfustis, 
tegula, etfax. 

Fulvius sepio latebra 
hostis ignis, Posthumius 
ita exarmo, ut vix relin- 
quoferrum qui terra colo* 



~us 



AN INTRODUCTION 



IT The contest was dubious 
till his army broke into the 
town. In that battle, being 
wounded under the breast, he 
began to faint through loss of 
blood, yet fought upon his knees, 
till he killed him by whom he 
had been wounded. The dress- 
ing of the wound was more 
painful than the wound itself. 

The Lacedemonians, as they 
observed the excellent conduct 
of Alcibiades in all things, were 
afraid, lest tempted by the 
love of his country, he should 
revolt from them, and return 
to a good understanding with 
his countrymen : wherefore they 
resolved to seek an opportunity 
of cutting him off. 

The shepherd, wearied by 
his wife's entreaties, returned 
into the wood, and found a 
bitch by the infant giving her 
dugs to the little one, and de- 
fending it from the wild beasts, 
and birds ; and being moved 
with pity, with which he saw 
the bitch moved, he carried it 
to hi* cottage, whilst the same 
bitch followed. 

After this Alexander goes for 
India, that he might bound his 
empire with the ocean ; to 
which glory, that the ornaments 
of his army might agree, he 
covers the horses' trappings and 
bis soldiers arms with silver, 
and called his army, from their 
silver shields, Argyraspides. 

When Alexander was come 
to the Guphites, where the e- 



Certamen sum anceps 
donee exercttus irrumpo 
in oppidum. In is pradium 

trajectus sub mam.na,catpi 
deficit) Jluxus sanguis, ta- 
men prcelior genu, donee 
occidu is a qui vulnero. 
Cunatio vulnus sum gra* 
vis ipse vidnus. 

Lacedawionii, quum 
cognosco prcestans pru- 
dentin Alcibiades in om- 
nis res, pertimesco, nt 
ductus amor patria descis- 
co ab ipse, ei redeo in 
gratia cum suns; itaque 
insthuo quce.ro tempus in" 
terjiciendus is* 

Pastor fatigatus precis 
uxor, revertor in syha 
et invenio canis fc&minct 
juxta infam y pr&bens u- 
ber parvulus, et defendens 
a/era ahsque ; et motus 
misericordia, qui video ca- 
nus motus, defero ad sta- 
buium, dum idem caiiis 
porsequor. 

Post hie Alexander ad 
India per go, ut Jinio im- 
perium oceanus ; qui ' glo- 
ria , ut ornament urn, exer- 
citus convenio, induco e- 
quits phaleraz et miles ar~ 
ma argentum, ei voco ex~ 
ercilus suns, ab argent cut- 
ely pcus Argyrasp ides. 

Cum Alexander venio 
ad Cuphiics' ubi host is op* 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



IS? 



lieaay waited his coming with periorisadventuscumdu- 

two hundred thousand horse, ccntimille eques.omnts ex 

the whole army being wearied, 

no less with the number of their 

victories, than the fatigue of 

the war, intreats him with lacryma. ut facio Jinis 

tears, that he would make an helium, memini patria eX 

end of the war, remember his 

country, and regard the years 

of his soJdiers. 

Annibal ^ot Marcellus's ring 

together with his body. Crisp i- 

nus fearing some trick would be 

played with it by the Carthagi- 
nian, sent messengers about the 

neighbouring cities that his col- 
league was slain, and the ene- 
my had got his ring; that they 
should not believe any letters 
writ in the name of Marceilus. 
After Se'eucus was recalled 
into Asia by new commotions, 

Arsacus settles the kingdom of Arsaces Jorma regnum 
the Parthian*, raises soldiers. Parthicus,legojniles,mu~ 
fortifies castles, and strengthens 
the towns ; he builds likewise 
a city, by name Dera, upon a 
mountain which is called Zapa- 
ortenon, of which place the na- 
ture is such, that nothing can 
be stronger or more pleasant 
than that mountain. 

He has shown above that ava- 
rice is worse than ambition, 
because among ambitious men 
are found some good and some 
bad ; for almost all men are de- ..^^uivw 
sirous of praise, glory and ferme sum cupidus laus, 
power; but seem to diifer in gloria et imperium ; t«- 
this, that the good men attains men video in hie differo, 
to honour by the true way of quod bonus accedo ad hor&t 



ercitusfessus, non minus 
numerus victoria, quam 
labor bellum, deprecor u 



rcspicio annus miles. 



Annibal potior annulvs 
Marceilus, simulcum cor- 
pus CHspinus metuensne- 
quid dolus nccto a Pmmi3 9 
mitto nuncius circa proxi- 
mus civUas,collega occido^ 
ei kostes potior anmdus isj 
ne qui litera credo compo* 
situs nomen Marceilus. 

Postquam Seleucus re- 
voco in Asia novus motus^ 



nio castellum, etjirmo cU 
vitas ; condo quoque urbs. 9 
nomen Dera, in mons qui 
appello Zapaortenon, qui 
locus conditio smn is,ut m- 
hil possum sum munitus 
aut amcenus is mons, 

Osiendo superius, ava- 
ritia sum deterior arnbi- 
tidi propter ea quod inter 
ambitioswtamboausquam 
malus invenio : nam ornni-s 



16S 



AN INTRODUCTION 



virtue, but the bad by deceit 
and fraud. 

Philip said, that he saw a 
cloud of terrible and bloody 
war rising in Italy ; that he saw 
the storm roaring and thunder- 
ing from the west, which, into 
whatever part of the earth the 
tempest of victory should drive 
it, would stain all places with 
a vast shower of blood. 

After Alexander had receiv- 
ed the cup at the feast to which 
Medius Thessalus invited him, 
he groaned in the middle of his 
draught, as if stabbed with a 
dart ; and being carried out of 
the feasthalf alive, he was rack- 
ed with so much pain that he 
called for his sword to kill him- 
self with. 

Whilst the rest flattered Alex- 
ander one of the old men, 
Clitus by name, in confidence of 
the kind's friendship, of which 
he held the first place, defend- 
ed the memory of Philip, and 
commended his exploits : but 
he so displeased the king, that 
he slew him in the entertain- 
ment with a spear, which he 
took from a lifeguard man. 

Galieecia, is very fruitful in 
brass and lead, and very rich in 
gold too, so that often with the 
plough they tear up golden sods. 
On the confines of this nation 
there js a sacred mountain, 
which it is reckoned a heinous 
crime to open with an iron tool ; 
but if at any time the earth is 



verm via virtus, mains 
autem dolus etfraus. 

Philippus dico, sui video 
nubes trux et cruentus 
helium consurgens in Ita- 
lia ; video pro'cella tonans 
acfulminans ab occasus $ 
qui) in quicun que pars ter- 
ra tempest as victoria de- 
fer o, fcedaturus omnis 
magnus imber cmor. 

Post quam Alexander 
accipio poculum in conviv- 
turn ad qui MediusThtssa- 
lus voco is, ingemo in me- 
dius potio, velut confixus 
telum ; elatusque e convi- 
vium semianimis, crucio 
tantus dolor, ut posco fer- 
ritin qui sui interficio. 

Dumcceter adulor Alex- 
ander, wins ex senex, Cli- 
tus nomen, fiducia rex 
amicitia, qui primus locus 
teneo, tueor memoria Phi- 
lippus, et laudo is res ges- 
tus ; sed adeo displiceo 
rex, ut trucido is in con- 
vivium telum, qui aufer$ 
satellcs. 

GallcKcia sum uber ces ac 
plumbum, dives quo que 6 
aurum, adeo ut frequenter 
aratrum exscindo aureus 
gleba. In finis hie gens 
sum sacer mons, qui habeo 
nefas violo ferrum ; sed 
si quando terra proscindo 
fulgor, permitto collige 



IK) LATIN SYNTAX. 



169 



r$nt with lightning it is allowed 
to pick up the gold thus uncov- 
ered as a present from the god. 

Tbe glory of Cynaegirus too, 
an Athenian soldier, is celebra- 
ted by mighty commendations 
of historians, who after innu- 
merable slaughters, when he 
had driven the flying enemy to 
their ships, seized a loaded ship 
with his right band, nor did he 
let it go till he lost his hand ; 
then too he took hold of the 
ship with his left ; which when 
he had likewise lost, he seized 
the ship with his teeth. 

Chabrias being surrounded 
by a concourse of the enemy, 
fought very bravely ; but his 
ship being struck with a rost- 
rum, began to sink. Though 
he might have escaped by swim- 
ming, if he would have thrown 
himself into the sea, because 
the fleet of the Athenians was 
at band, he chose rather to per- 
ish than to quit the ship in 
which he had sailed ; wherefore 
he was slain by the enemies' 
weapons, fighting hand to hand. 



aurum sic deteotus velui 
deus munus. 



Gloria Cyncegirus qud- 
que, Atheniensis miles, ce- 
lebro magnus laus scriptor 
qui post innumerus cozdes y 
cum ago fugiens hoslis ad 
navis, teneo onustus navis 
dexter manus, nee dimitto 
priusquam amitto manus; 
turn quoque comprehendo 
navis sinister ; qui cum 
etiam amitto, detineo navis 
morsus. 

Chabrias circumfusus 
coneursus hostis, fortiter 
pugno ; sed navis per cus- 
sus rostrum, cczpi sido. 
Cum possum refugio nan- 
dum,si dejicio sui in mare, 
quod classis Atheniensis 
subsum, malo pereo quani 
relinquo iiavis in qui veho: 
itaque, inter Jicio hostis te^ 
Ivbm co minus, pugnans. 



When Helena, the mother of Constantine the Great, came to visit 
Judea, she found Jerusalem, and the country about, in a forlorn, 
ruinous condition ; but, being animated with a noble zeal of adorn- 
ing the theatre of the world's redemption, she caused, with a great 
deal of cost and labour the place where our Saviour had suffered 
to be cleared of rubbish, and a magnificent church to be built, wiiick 
should inclose as many of the scenes of his sufferings as possible ; 
which stately edifice is still standing, and is kept in good repair by 
the generous offerings of a constant concourse of Pilgrims, who 
annually resort to it. The walls of it are of stone, the roof of cedar, 
The east end incloses Mount Calvary, and the west the holy sepul- 
chre. 

To God, who is supreme, most wise and benincent, and to him 
a&ne ; belong worship, adoration thanksgiving, and praise \ who 



170 



AN INTRODUCTION 



hath stretched forth the heavens with his hand, who setteth bound- 
to the ocean that it cannot pass, and saith unto the storm}' winds, 
Be still ; who shaketh the earth, and the nations tremble ; who 
darteth his lightnings, and the wicked are dismayed ; who calleth 
forth worlds by the word of his mouth ; who smiteth with his arm, 
and they sink into nothing. 



2. Place. 



2. Locus. 



54 



Tl 
t 



IULE XII. 
|HE name of a 
town of the 
first and second declen- 
sion, and singular num- 
ber, is put in the genitive, 
"when the question is 
made by UBI? Where? 



REG. XII. 



1. 



NOMEN op- 
pidi primes 



aut secundce declina- 
tionis, et singtdaris 
numeri, ponitur in 
genitivo cum quczstio 
Jit per UBI? 



He lived at Rome. 
He died at London. 



Vixit Romce. 
Mortuus est Londini 



JVole 1. When the name of a town is put in the genitive, in urbe, 
or in oppido is understood ; and therefore we cannot say, A'atusiest 
Romce urbis Celebris, but Romce celtbri urbe, or in Romce celebri urbe, 
or in Roma celebri urbe. 

Note 2. Humi, militice, and belli, are also construed in the genitive, 
when the question is made by ubi ? as, Ovid. Procumbit humi sup. in 
terra veh solo. Id. Prosternitc humi jarenem, sc. ad t err am. Cic. Cu- 
jus laudemdomi defenderis, sc. in cedibus. 'lev. Domi mililiceque una 
fuimus. And Sail. Belli domique agitabalur, sc. in loco. 

J\"ote 3. The names of towns belonging to this rule, are sometimes,, 
though rarely, expressed in the ablative ; as, Vitruv. Hujus exemplar. 
Roma nullum habemus, for Roma. Just. Rex Tyro decedit, for Tyri. 



# 55. The name of a 
town, of the third declen- 
sion, or of the plural num- 
ber, is expressed in the 



2. JV 



omen 



opp 



idu 



tertice dcrlinationis, 
ant plurcdis numert\ 
in ablativo cffertw\ 



TO L ATM SYNTAX. 



ablative, when the ques- 
tion is made by UBI? 

He dwells at Carthage. 

He studied at Athens. 

The oracles are silent at Delphi. 



cum nucesho 
UBI? 



m 

fit per 



Habitat Carthagine. 
Studuit Athenis* 
Delphis oracula cessani. 



Note. Some names of towns of the third declension seem to be 
put in the dative ; as, PJaut. In Grozcia et Carlhagini. Cic. Convento 
Antonio Tiburi. Nep. Nulla Lacedozmoni lam est Nobilis vidua, &a 
But these are old ablatives instead of Carthaginej Tibure, Lacedcmq* 
tie. To which add ruri for rure. 



* 56. When the ques- 
tion is made by Quo ? 



3. Cum qucestio fit 
per QUO ? nomen 



[Whither?'] the name of oppidi in accusativo 
a town is governed in the regitur, 
accusative. 



I will send a letter to Syracuse. 

He went to Corinth. 
He returned to Babylon. 



Epistolam Syracusas mfa 

tarn. 
Profectus est Corinthum. 
Rediit Babyloncm. 



Note. We sometimes, though rarely, find the names of towns in 
the dative, instead of the accusative \ as, Hor. Carlhagini nuncios 
mittam supcrbos. 



* 57. If the 
made by 
or 



question 
is made by UJVDE? 
[Whence?] or QUA? 
[By or through what 
place?] the name of a 
town is put in the ablative. 



4. >SV quceratur per 
UNDE ? vet QUA ? 
nomen oppidi poni- 
tur in ablativo. 



He departed from Athens. Discessit Athenis. 

He came from Corinth. Venit Corintho. 

I was passing through Laodicea. Iter Laodicea faciebam. 



172 AN INTRODUCTION 

Note 1. When the question is made by QUA? the prepositiola 
per. to subvert ambiguity, is generally added ; as, Cor. Cum iter per 
fhebus facer et. 

Note 2. These rules concerning the names of towns may be thus 
expressed ; the name of a town after I]N or AT is put in the genitive ; 
unless it be of the third declension, or of the plural number, and 
then it is expressed in the ablative. The name of a town after TO or 
KNTO is put in the accusative ; after FROM or THROUGH in the 
ablative. 

# 58. Domus and rns 5. Domus et rus 
are construed the same eoclem modo quo op- 
wa j as names of towns. pidorum nomina com 

sirmintur. 

He slays at home. Manet domi. 

He returns home. Domum revertitur. 

i am called from home. Domo accerciius sum, 

He lives in the country. Vivit rare vel ruri. 

He hath gone to the country, Abiit rus. 

He returns from the country. Redit rare. 

Note. 1. The preposition is frequently expressed with domus and 
rus ; as, Ter. In domo Sail. In domum Bruli perducit. Ascon. in 
Cic. Ex rure in vrbem revertebatur. 

Note 2. Domus, with the pronouns meas luas, kc. often occurs in 
the accusative plural without a preposition ; as. Sail. Alius ahum 
domos suas invitant. But rura has the preposition always expres- 
sed 3 as, Varro. Que inducuntur in rura. 

59. To the names of 6. JS'ominibusregi- 
countries, provinces, and onum, provinciarum 
other places not mention- et aliorum locorum 
ed, the preposition is non dictis, prcepositio 
generally added. fere additur. 

He married a wife in Lemnos. In Lemno uxorem duxit. 

He came into Epire. Venit in Epimm. 

From Asia he went over to Eu- Ex Asia transit in Euro- 

rope. pam. 

I pass through Greece to Italy. Iter per Grceciam in liar 

Ram fecio. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 173 

Note 1. The preposition is frequently added to names of towns ; 
as, Suet. In Stymphalo mortuus est Terentius, Sail. Dum apud Zamam 
sic certaiur. Cic Profecius sum ad Capuam. Id. A Brundusio nulla 
adhuc fama venerat. And sometimes omitted to names of countries, 
6.c. which in this case, are construed as names of towns; as, V. 
Max. Filios JE^ypti occisos cognovit. Cic. Sardinian* \ cum classe venit. 
Liv. Literal Macedonia ablatce. Cic. Nunc iota Asia vagatur. Hor. 
Ibam forte via sacra. Liv. Seu terra sen mari obviam eundum hosti 
foj-tt. 

Note 2. With respect to names of towns, observe more particular- 
ly, 1. If an appellative or adjective be added, the preposition is 
generally expressed ; as, Plin. In Hispali oppido. Propert. Addoctas 
profcisci Aihenas. Mart. Haze de vitifera venisse Vienna. 2. When 
nigh to or 'about a place, is signified, the preposition, ad or apud is al- 
ways added; as, Virg. Bellum quod ad Trojam gesserat. Cic. Nos 
apud Alyziam unum diem commorati sumus. 

Note 3. Peto, when it signifies to go, governs the name of any 
place in the accusative without a preposition ; as, Ovid. Lacedoz- 
mona classe peiebat. Curt. JEgyptum peter e decrevit. 

Note 4. The adverb versus, when used, is always put after the names 
of places, sometimes with, but oftener without the preposition ad or 
in; as, Cic. In Italiam versus narigaturus. Id. Amanum versus prof edi. 

Note 5. The adverb usque is often joined to names of places, the 
prepositions ad, a, ab, e, ex, de, being sometimes expressed and some- 
times understood ; as, Cic. Usque ad Numantium. Id. Usque En- 
nam profecti. Plaut. Usque e Persia. Cic. Usque Timoleo petivit* 
Instead of usque ad, usque ab, the poets sometimes say adusque, abus- 
que ; as, Virg. Adusque columnas, abusque Pachyno. 



ANNOTATIO. 

* 60. The distance of one Distantia unius /o- 

place from another is put ci ab alio ponitur in 

in the accusative, and accusativojnturdumet 

sometimes in the ablative, in ablativo. 

The farm is distant from the Villa distat ab urbe iter 

city one day's journey. unius diet. 

The tower is twenty furlongs Turris est vigintia stadia 

on this side the river. citrajiuvium. 

I will not stir a foot from you. A te pedemnondisccdam* 

He is at the distance of two Bidui spatio abesL 
day's journey. 

P 2 



174 



AN INTRODUCTION 



The king's army is thirty miles Regis copies a nostrismih 
distance from ours. libus passuum triginta 

absunt. 



Note 1. One of the substantives expressing the distance, is some- 
times suppressed; as, Cic. Castra aberant bidui, sc. spatium, iter, 
viam ; or, spaiio, itinere, via. 

Note 2. When the place where a thing is done is signified, the 
word denoting the distance is either expressed in the ablative ; as^ 
€a?s. Millibus passuum duo bus ultra eum castrafecit : Or in the accu- 
sative with ad; as, Cic. Ad tertium milliarium consedit. i\ep. Seput- 
tus est ad quint um lapidem. 

Note 3. The EXCESS of measure or distance is always put in the 
ablative ; as, Hoc lignum excedit illud digito. Britannia, Longitude 
ejus latitudinem quadraginta milliaribus superat. 

Note 4. The word of distance is governed in the accusative by ad 
or per understood, and in the ablative by a or ab. 



54. My brother was born at 
London, studied at Geneva, and 
died at Marseilles. 

65. Old age was no where 
more honoured than at Lacede- 
mon, and servants were no 
where better treated than at 
Athens. 

Pyrrhus was slain at Delphi, 
and Philip was slain at Aga?, as 
he was going to see the public 
games. 

§b\ He led his army to Co- 
rinth, and immediately after to 
Megara, and from thence to 
Athens. 

Annibal sent three bushels 
of gold rings to Carthage, 
which he had taken from the 
hands of the Romans slain at 
Cannse. 

57. Ccesar setting out from 
Rome, came to Geneva ; and 
Quintius going from Corinth, 
came to Philippi. 

Dionysius sent for Plato from 



Mens /rater nascor 
Londinum, studeo Gene- 
va , et morior Alas si Ha. 

Senectus nusquam sum 
honor atiis quam Lacedce- 
mon, et serous nusquam 
bene habeo quam Athenat. 

Pyrrhus occido Delphi, 
et Philippus interficio A- 
ga>j cum eo spectatum lu- 
dus publicus. 

Duco exercitus Covin- 
thus, acprotinus Megara f 
et inde A thence. 

Annibal mitto tres mo- 
dius aureus annulus Car- 
thago ,qui detraJw e manus 
Romanus occisus Cornice. 

C(esar pro/ectus Roma, 

venio Geneva : et Qtrin- 

tius, pro/ectus Corinthus, 

venio Philippi. 

Dionysius arcesso Plato 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



175 



Athens, and at the same time 
brought back Philistus the his- 
torian to Syracuse. 

58. 1 used to be frequently in 
the country, but I was at home 
yesterday, and I will go home 
again to-morrow. 

All whom disgrace or vil- 
lainy had chased from home, 
had flocked to Rome, as to a 
common sewer. 

The old (ellow just now came 
out of the country, I will drive 
him into the country again. 

bd. Hannibal sent one army 
into Africa, left another in 
Spain, and carried a third along 
with him into Italy. 

Caesar gave up the kingdom 
of Egypt to Cleopatra, and 
from Alexandria he passed over 
to Syria, and from thence to 
Pontus. 

Cato, returning from Africa 
brought the poet Ennius from 
Sardinia to Rome, whom we 
value very much. 

Then Pyrrhus came into 
Campania, and encamped at 
the river Allia ; but being soon 
forced to retire from Italy, he 
went into Sicily. 

The Athenians taking this 
thing ill, removed the money, 
that had been contributed by 
all Greece for the expense of 
the Persian war, from Delos to 
Athens. 

60. The Persian gulf is dis- 
tant an hundred and fiiteen 
miles from the Red Sea. 



Athena?, simulque reduco 
Philistus historicns SyrcP* 
cusaz. 

Soleo sum rns crebro, sed 
sum domus fieri, et rever- 
ter domus eras. 

Omnis quifagilium aut 
f acinus expello domus Jlo- 
ma, sicut in sentinel, con- 
fuo. 

Senex modo redeo rus f 
rus abigo is denuo. 

Hannibal mitto vmis ex- 
ercitus in Africa, relinquo 
alter in Hispania, et duco 
tertius suicum in Italia, 

Ccesar regnum JEgyptus 
Cleopatra permitto, et ab 
Alexandria transeo in Sy- 
ria, et inde in Ponius. 

Cato rediens ex Africa , 
deduco poeta. Ennius ex 
Sardinia Roma, quipluri- 
mum cestrmo. 

Turn Pijrrhus ve?iio in 

Campania, et consideo ad 

fimnen Allia ; sed, mox co- 

actus recedo ex Italia, 

prof cis cor in Sicilia. 

Athcniensis graviter hie 
resferens, transfer pecu- 
nia, quiconfero abuniver- 
sus Grcecia in stipendium 
Persicus bellum, a Delos 
A thence. 

Sinus Persicus disto cen* 
turn et quindecim milh- 
passus a Mare Ruber. 



176 



AN INTRODUCTION 



Caesar was patient of fatigue 
beyond belief, lie made very 
long jouruies with incredible 
expedition, a hundred miles 
generally every day. 

He pitched his camp six 
miles from the enemy, and he 
was at that time three day's 
journey from Tarenlum. 

IF Cassar divided his army 
into five parts, and left one at 
Brundusium, and another at Hy~ 
druntum, and another at Ta- 
rentum: Q. Valerius, being 
sent with another, seized Sar- 
dinia, very fruitful in corn; by 
his order Asiniu* PoHio went 
for Sicily, which Cato governed. 
Whilst these things are done, 
it i'i told at Lacedemon, that a 
new war was broke out at 
Athens. King Pausanias is sent 
thither ; who, being moved 
with pity of the exiled people, 
restored their country to the 
miserable citizens, and ordered 
the ten tyrants to remove to 
Eleusis. 

It is reported that a remark- 
able thing happened at Gom- 
phi : That twenty old noble- 
men were found in a physician's 
house, lying on the ground with 
cups in their hands, without 
any wound, like drunken men, 
and one as a physician, sitting 
in a chair, administering physic 
to the rest. 

After that the ambassadors 
came to Marseilles, where they 
found that the affections of the 
Gauls had been already gained 



Ccesarsumpatiens labor 
ultra fides, cmficio longus 
via incredibin* ce^en 
centeni mille passus fere 
in singulus dies. 

Pono castra sex 6 mille 
passus ah hostis, et turn 
absum 6 via triduum a 
Tarentum. 

Coesar divido copm in 
quinque pars, et relinquo 
units Brundusium, alius 
Ilydmntam, alius Taren- 
tum ; Q. Valerius, missus 
cum alius, occupo Sardi- 
nia, fe rax frumentum ; is 
jussu Asinius Pollio peto 
Sicilia, qui Cato prcesum. 

Dim hie ago, nuncio 
Lacedcemon, novus belt urn 
exardeo A thence. Rex 
Pausanias eo mitto : qui, 
permotus misericordia ex- 
ul populus, resHtuo patria 
inker civis,et jubeo decern 
tyr annus migro Eleusis. 



Fero quidam memora- 
bilis accido Gomphi : Vi- 
ginti Senexnobilis reperio 
in cedes Medicus, jacens 
humus cum calix in man- 
us, sine vulnus, similis 
ebrius, et unus sen mtdi- 
cus, sedens in sella, porri- 
gens potio reliquus. 

Dei nde legatus venio 
Massilia,ubwogjiosco ani- 
mus Galli jam prceoccupo 
ab Annibal ; sed vixfu- 



TO LATfN SYNTAX. 



m 



by Annibal, but that they would turns sum satis jidus, fa- 

hardly be very faithful to him, genium sum adeo ferox et 

their temper was so wild and indomitusmi animus prinp 

savage, unless the affections of ceps concilio subinde au» 

the great men were secured rum, qui gens sum avidus*. 
now and then by gold of which 



the nation was very greedy. 

Whilst these things are doing 
ambassadors came from Darius, 
king of the Persians, to Car- 
thage, bringing an edict, by 
which the Carthaginians were 
forbid to offer human sacrifices, 
and eat dog's flesh, and were 
commanded to burn the bodies 
of the dead rather than bury 
• them in the earth ; begging, 
at the same time, assistance a- 
gainst Greece, upon which Da- 
rius was about to make war. 

Before this engagement at 
sea, Xerxes had sent four thou- 
sand armed men to Delphi, to 
plunder the temple of Apollo 
as if he carried on the war, not 
with the Greeks only, but also 
with the immortal gods ; which 
detachment was all destroyed 
with rains and thunder, that he 
j might understand how vain the 
strength of men is against the 
gods. 

The Athenians, as they had 
first revolted, so did they first 
begin to repent, turning their 
contempt of the enemy into ad- 
miration, and extolling the 
youth of Alexander above the 
conduct of old generals. Then 
ie turns his army toward 
Thebes, intending to use the 



Dum hie ago, legatn's 
venio a Darius, rex Per- 
sa, Carthago, afferens e- 
dietum, qui Peeniprohibeo 
immolo humanus hostia, 
et vescer caninus ; jubeo- 
que cremo corpus mortuus^ 
potius quam obruo terra $ 
petens simul auxilium ad- 
versus Graecia, qui Darius^ 
helium infer o. 



?ame kindness, if he had found 



Ante navalis proelium^ 
Xerxes mitto quatuor mi- 
lle armatus Delphi, adr 
templum Apollo diripien- 
dus, quasi gero bellum,non 
cum Greed tantum, sed et 
cum deus immortalis; qui 
manus totus deleo imber et 
fulmen, ut intelligo quam 
nullus vires homo sum ad- 
versus deus. 

Atheniensis, sicut pri* 
mus deficio, it a primus 
pmritet ccepi, vertens con- 
temptus hostis in admira- 
tio, extollensque pueritia 
Alexander supra virtus 
vetus dux. hide conver- 
to exercitus Thebce, usv- 
rus idem indulge ntia, si 
inrenio par prnvitentr 1 



178 



AN INTRODUCTION 



the same repentance ; but the 
Thebans made use of arms, 
Hot prayers nor entreaty. 

The first field of the civil 
war was Italy, the first signal 
sounded from Ariminum ; then 
Libo was forced from Etruria, 
Thermis from Umbria, Domi- 
tius from Corfmium ; and the 
war had been ended without 
bloodshed, if he could have 
mastered Pompey at Brundu- 
sium ; but he got off through 
the barricade of the besieged 
harbour : scandalous to be said ! 

But at Carthage, as so many 
commanders were dangerous to 
a free state, an hundred judges 
are chosen out of the number of 
the senators, who upon the re- 
turn of the generals from the 
war, should demand an account 
of things transacted : that upon 
this awe, they might so consid- 
er their command in the war, 
as to have a regard to the judi- 
catures and laws at home. 

The kins: of Persia's com- 
manders sent messengers, to 
Athens to complain, that Cha- 
brias made war with the Egyp- 
tians against the king. The 
Athenians fixed Chabrias a cer- 
tain day, before which, if he did 
not return home, they declared 
they would condemn him to die. 
Upon this he returned to Athens. 

They brought Cornelius, our 
consul, deceived by an oath, to 
their general, as it were for the 
sake of seeking him, who wa<? 
at that time sick, and presently 



sed Thebani ator urma, 
non precis nee deprecation 

Primus arena civilis 
helium Italia sum, primus 
signum Ariminum cano ; 
turn Libo pello Etruria, 
Thermus Umbria, Domi- 
this Corjinium ; et bellum 
per ago sine sanguis si 
possum opprimo Pompei- 
us Brundusium ; sed Me 
evado per claustrum 06- 
sessus portus : turpis die- 
tu! 

Carthago autem, cum 
tot imperator sum gravis 
liber oivitas , centum judex 
deli go ex numerus senator v 
qui reversus e bellum dux 
exigo ratio res gestus ; ut t 
hie metusj ita cogito impe- 
riumin bellum, utjudicir 
urn lexque domus respicio. 



Pr&fectus rex Persia 
mitto legatusAthenai ques- 
tum, quod Chabrias gero 
bellum cum Egyptius ad- 
versus rex. Atheniensis 
prcestituo Chabrias cerius 
dies, ante qui, nui redeo 
domus, denuncio sui con- 
demno ille caput. Turn 
ille Aihenoe redeo. 

Adduco Cornelius, con- t 
sul noster deceptus jusju- 
randum ad dux suus qua* 
si gratia visendum is, qu$ 
cum cegroto, et mox ab- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



ars 



after carried him away prisoner 
out of Sicily into Africa, with 
twenty ships. They put our 
general Regulus likewise to 
death. 

When these things were told 
Marcellus ? he sent ambassadors 
im'med iately to Syracuse, to 
complain of the violation of the 
treaty : the ambassadors said, 
that there would never be want- 
ing an occasion of war, unless 
Hyppocrates and Epycides were 
banished not only from Syra- 
cuse, but far from Sicily. Up- 
on this Epycides persuades the 
Leontini to revolt from the Sy- 
racusans. 

Darius, that he might re- 
duce Greece under his author- 
ity, fitted out a fleet of five 
hundred ships, and set Datis 
and Artaphernes over it ; who 
came to Attica, and drew out 
their troops into the plain of 
Marathon, that is distant about 
ten miles from the city Athens. 
The Athenians, being very 
much startled at this alarm, 
sought for assistance no where 
but from the Lacedemonians : 
but at home ten officers were 
chosen to command the army. 

After this Tullus Hostiiius. 
Ancus Martius, the grandson 
of Numa by a daughter, took 
upon him the government ; he 
fought against the Latins, added 
mount Aventine and Jamculum 
to the city : he built the city 
Qstia upon the sea, at the six- 



duco captivus e Sicilia in 
Africa y cum viginti navis. 
Interimo quoque dux nos+ 
ter Regulus* 

Quum hie nuncio Mar- 
cellus,mitto legatus extern' 
plo Syracuscejqui expostulo 
de violatiofcedus : legatus 
dico , nunquam desum cau- 
sa helium nisi Hyppoc- 
rates atque Epycides able- 
go, non modo ab Syra- 
cuse?, sed procul a Sicilia* 
Deinde Epycides persua- 
dto Leontini dejicio a 
Syracusani. 

Darius ut redigo Groe* 
cia in suns potestas, corn- 
pan) classis quingenti na- 
vis, prcefacioque is Datis 
et Artaphernes; qui ad At- 
tica accedo, ac deduco suus 
copies in campus Marathon 
is absum ab oppidum A- 
thence circiter decern mille 
passus, Atheniensis, per- 
motus hie tumultus, peto 
aux ilium nusquam nisi a 
Laced&moni : domus au- 
tcm decern prod or creo qui 
prazsum exercitus. 

Post Tullus Hostiiius^ 
Ancus Ajar tins, nepos Nu- 
ma ex J} Ilia , suscipio impe- 
rium; contra Latini di- 
mico, adjicio mans Aven- 
thias et Janicvlus dm- 
tus ; condo civitas Ostiat 
supra mare., sexttte ctee& 



I8t AN INTRODUCTION 

teenth mile from the citjr mus 6 milliarium ub urbt 

Rome. Roma. 

Diana had a most magnificent temple at Epbesus. It was sup- 
ported by 127 pillars, which were built by 127 kings. Each of the 
pillars was 60 feet high. The statue of the goddess was of ebony. 

The father of Pomponius was a lover of learning, and taught his 
son every thing that a boy could be taught at Rome. Afterwards 
Pomponius went to Athens. The most noble university of the 
world was at Athens. Young noblemen and the sons of kings were 
sent from all parts to Athens. 

Cicero, the greatest of the Roman orators, was born at Arpinum, 
Cicero removed from Arpinum to Rome. The excellent endow- 
ments of his mind soon made him famous at Rome. After he had 
discharged several other offices of the Roman republic, at last he 
was mntie consul. Cicero discharged the consulship with so great 
watchfulness and industry, that he was called the father of his coun- 
try. That honour was given to none before Cicero. 

The nation of the Seuvi is the greatest and most warlike of all the 
Germans. The Seuvi are said to have an hundred cantons, from 
which they bring forth many thousands of armed men yearly to 
fight. The rest stay at home. They live upon milk and flesh, and 
exercise themselves in hunting. 

When Arioii the Lyric poet was sailing from Lesbos to Italy, the 
sailors resolved to throw him into the sea, that they might get his 
money ; but Arion entreated that they would suffer him first to play 
a tune upon his harp ; which was granted. Upon this Arion tuned 
his harp, and played so artfully, that by the sweetness of his music, 
he drew the dolphins round the ship, who, when he was cast into the 
sea, received him on their backs, and carried him to Tenedos. 

They say, that the famous oracle of Apollo, at Delphi in Bcetia be- 
came dumb, when Christ our Saviour came into the world ; and that 
when Augustus, who was the great votary of Apollo, desired to 
,know the reason of its silence, the oracle answered him. That in 
Judea a child was born, who w T as the supreme God, and had com- 
Bianded him to depart and return no more answers. 

Mount Vesuvius is distant about seven miles from Naples, rising 
in the middle of a large plain, above four miles off the sea: from 
which it is seen gradually to increase in height, till it is half a mile 
perpendicular above the level of the sea; when it becomes almost 
circular, being about five miles diameter. This is the basis of the 
mountain, out of which arises a smaller mount, called Mount Vec- 
chio, four hundred paces high; aad at top near tw« miles in. eircma-. 
fcejrre.' 



*T0 LATIN SYNTAX. 181 

3. Time. 3. Tempus. 

RULE XIII. REG. XIII, 

*61 nh IME is P u ! in l -TY\EMPUS P o- 
1 the ablative, Jf_ nitur in abla- 

when the question is hvo, cum quczstio fit 

made by QJJANDO ? per QUANDO ? 

When f 

He died the twentieth year of Vigesimo anno cetatis 

his age. obiit. 

In what period did he live ? Quo tempore vixit? 

Many years ago. Multis abhinc annis. 

Note 1. To this rule belong mane, diluculo, sero, raro, noctu, quo,- 
Iannis, which are commonly esteemed adverbs ; as also, the old ab= 
latives luci, tempori, vesperi, used instead of luce, tempore, vespere. 

JYote 2. The phrases id temporis, isthuc cetatis, hoc cetatis, illud horce, 
and the like, have circa or ad understood, and are put for eo tempore^ 
islhac atate, hoc cetate ilia hora. 

*62. When the ques- 2. Cum qucestio fit 
tion is made by QUdM- per QUAMDIU? 
DIU? How long ? time tempus poniiur in etc- 
is put in the accusative or cusativo vel ablativo* 
ablative,but oftener in the sed scepius in accusa- 
accusative. tivo. 

Ennius lived seventy years. Annos septuaginta visit 

Ennius. 
Pluto's gate is open night and Nodes atque dies patetj 'a* 

day. nua Ditis. 

Caligula reigned three years, Caligula imperavit tr -ten- 
ten months and eight days. nio, decern mensibus, 

die bits octo. 

These two rules may be thus expressed : 

Time WHEN, is put in the ablative ; Time HOW 
LONG, or CONTINUANCE of Time, is put sometimes 
in the ablative, but oftener in the accusative. 



J 82 



AN INTRODUCTION 



Note 1. Both lime WHEN and HOW LONG are governed 
by a preposition expressed. 1. Time WHEN, as Ter In tempore ad 
earn pent. Hor. Surgwit de node lalrones. Cic. prcesto fuit ad he- 
ram. Id. Tepenitus rogo, ne te tain loiigce vice per hyemem committal 
Liv. Consul intra paucos dies morilur. 2. Time HOW LONG ; as, 
Cic. Sero resistimus ei, quern per annos decern aluimus contra nos. Id. 
Bestioz ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus. Id. Habebit senatus in 
hunc annum quern sequatur- Caes. Qui intra annos quatuordecem tec- 
tum non subierunt. Cic. Quce inter decern cmnos facia sunt. 

Note 2. The way of supplying the following and like expressions 
ought carefully to be studied ; as, Cic. .innos naius unum et viginti^ 
sup. ante Curt. Tyrus septimo menst, quam cpnugnari cazpta erat, capta 
est,'i. e. poslquam. Cic. Septigenios jam annos amplius anis moribus 
h-ivunt. sc. quam per. Nep. Minus diebus triginta in Mam reversus esfa 
sup. quam in. 



61. Hannibal returned to Af- 
rica the third year after he had 
fled from home. 

Tiberius died in the seven- 
tieth and eighth year of his age, 
and twenty-third of his reign. 

Constantius died in Britain at 
York, in the thirteenth year of 
his reign. 

Bocchus, at the beginning of 
the war, had sent ambassadors 
to Rome to desire a league and 
alliance. 

Aulus called out his soldiers 
in the month of January, from 
winter-quarters, upon an expe- 
dition. 

The usurer calls in all his mo- 
ney on the Ides, and seek3 to 
lay it out on the Kalends. 

In the same year there was 
an earthquake betwixt the 
islands of Thera and Therasia, 
*nd on a sudden an island rose 
out of the deep. 

In Asia too, the same day, 
fhe same earthquake shattered 



Hannibal ad Africa re- 
deo tertius annus postquani 
profugio damns, 

Tiberius obco septuage- 
simus et octavus annus 
cetas, et vigesimus tertius 
imperium. 

Constantius obeo in Bri- 
tannia Eborocwn, fortius 
decimus annus pnincipa- 
tus. 

Bocchus, initium helium, 
initio legatus Roma petit- 
inn fcedus et amicitia. 
Aulus evoco miles mensis 
Januarius ex hyberna, in 
expedition 

FcEiierator relego omnis 
pecunia Idus, et qucero 
Kalendce pono. 

Idem annus sum terra 
mot us inter insula r Thera et 
Therasia, et repent e insula 
em ergo ex profit n dum. 

In Asia quo que, idem 
dieSjidem moius terra cen% 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



iie 



Rhodes, and many other ci- 
ties. 

b'2. Homer and Hesiod lived 
about an hundred and fifty 
years before the building of 
Ilome. 

Mithridates reigned sixty 
years, lived seventy-two, and 
had a war with the Romans for- 
ty years. 

Pythagoras, after he had liv- 
ed twenty years at Crotona, re- 
moved to Metapontum, and 
there he died. 

Caligula lived twenty-nine 
years ; he reigned three years, 
ten months, and eight days. 

Agamemnon with much ado 
took one city in ten years, Epa- 
minondas in one day delivered 
all Greece. 

The labours of many months 
and years may perish in a mo- 
ment of time. 

IT When this was told to the 
senate, immediately the consul 
set out with an army, and took 
a place for his camp three miles 
from the enemy. About the 
fourth watch he marched out of 
the camp, and the work was 
carried on so fast, that the Vol- 
sci found themsemlves surround- 
ed by a strong intrenchment at 
sunrise. 

Whilst the works go on 
more diligently in the day than 
they are guarded in the night 
a great multitude coming out of 
the town armed chieflv with 



cutio Rhodus, multusque 
alias civ it as. 

Moments et Hesiodus 
vivo cir titer centum et 
quinquaginta annus ant 6 
Roma conditus. 

Mithridates regno sexa- 
ginta annus, vivo septua- 
ginta duo,et habeo be Hum 
contra Romanus quadra- 
ginta annus, 

Pythagoras, cum annus 
viginti Crotona ago. Ale- 
tapontum migro, ibique 
decedo. 

Caligula vivo 6 annus 
viginti novem ; impero 6 
triennium ^decern 6 mensis > 
6 diesqueocto. 

Agamemnon vix capio 
iinus urbs decern 6 annus, 
Epaminondas unus 6 dies 
libera totus Grcecia. 

Labor multus mensiset 
annus inter eo possum 6 
punctum tempus. 

Cum hie nuncio senatus, 
extemplo consul pro ficis cor 
cum exercitus, et capio lo- 
cus castra, tres mille pas- 
sus ab host is. Quartus vi~ 
gilia egredior e castra, et 
opus adeo appropero, ut 
Volsci video sui circum- 
vallatusjirmus man fanen- 
turn sol ortus. 

Dumopusfio diligenter 
dies, quam custodio nox, 
magnus multitudo egres* 
sus ex urbs, armatus prce- 
cipuefax, conjicio ignis. 



184 



AN INTRODUCTION 



torches, threw fire about, and 
in a minule of time the fire 
consumed the mole and the vi- 
neae, a work of so long a time ; 
and a great many men, bring- 
ing aid in vain, peiished by fire 
and sword. 

Da tames took Thy us alive, 
a man of a huge body, and a 
terrible countenance, becaus* 
he was black, of Jong hair, and 
a long beard ; whom the day 
after he clothed in a fine robe, 
which the king's viceroys used 
to wear; he dressed him up 
likewise in a collar, and brace- 
lets of gold, and other royal ap- 
parel, and brought him to the 
king of Persia. 

In the wings likewise two 
young men of an extraordinary 
bigness were seen to fight, nor 
did they appear any longer than 
the battle lasted. The incre- 
dible swiftness of fame increas- 
ed this admiration : for the 
same day that the battle was 
fought in Italy, the news of the 
victory was told in Corinth, 
Athens, and Lacedemon. 

In that battle, Astyages is ta- 
ken, from whom Cyrus took 
nothing else but his kingdom, 
and acted the grandson towards 
bim, rather than the conpueror, 
and set him over the great na- 
tion of the Hyrcanians. This 
*was the end of the empire of the 
Medes 5 they enjoyed the enpire 
three hundred and fifty years. 

About the same time there 
was an earthquake in the parts 



et momentum hora, mem- 
dium haurio agger et vi- 
nea opus tarn longus tern- 
pus ; et multus mortalis, 
f evens opisfrustra,absumo 
ignis j err unique. 

Datames capio Thyus 
virus, homo magnus cor- 
pus, terribilisque 6 fades, 
quod sum niger, longus 6 
capillus, 6 barbaque pro- 
missus ; qui posterus dies 
bonus vestis tego, qui sa- 
trapa rex gero consuesco ; 
orno etiam torquis, et ar- 
milla aureus, center que re- 
gius cultus, et ad rex Per- 
sia adduco. 

In cor nu quo que duo ju- 
venis,eximius 6 magnitu- 
do, video r pit gno, nee ultra 
appareo quam pugnaiur. 
Iicredibilisvelocitasfama 
augeohic admiratio; nam 
idem dies qui in Italiapug- 
natur, nuncio victoria Co- 
rinthus, Athenoe, et Lace- 
doemon. 

In is prceUum Astyages 
capio, qui Cyrus adimo 
nihil alius quam regnum, 
et ago nepos in is, magis 
quam victor , et prcepono is 
magnus gens HyrcanL 
Hie sum finis imperium 
Medi ; potior imperium 
trecenti et quinquagiata 
annus. 

Idem fere tempus sum 
terra motus in regio Hel- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



\Sl 



of the Hellespont and the Cher- 
sonese, by which the city Lysi- 
machia, built two and twenty 
years before by Lysimachus, 
was ruined, which foreboded 
dreadful things to Lysimachus 
and his family, and the ruin of 
his kingdom, with the desolation 
of the harassed provinces. 

The Phenicians built Car- 
thage in Africa, Mty years be- 
fore the taking of Troy. The 
founders of it were Xorus and 
Charcedon : but as the Ro- 
mans, and Carthaginians them- 
selves believe, Dido, a woman 
who had come from Tyre into 
those parts, whose husband 
Pygmalion, who ruled at Tyre, 
had slain. 

The Spartans at that time 
had so far degenerated from 
their ancestors, that whereas 
the bravery of the citizens had 
been for several ages a wall 
to the city, the citizens then 
thought they could not be se- 
cure, unless they lay lurking 
within walls. But much about 
the same time the troubled 
state of Macedonia recalled 
home Cassander from Greece. 

Hiero, being born of a maid- 
servant, was exposed by his fa- 
ther, as the disgrace of his fa- 
mily ; but bees for several days 
fed the infant, destitute of hu- 
man assistance, with honey. 
For which reason the father, 
being encouraged to it by the 
answer of the Haruspices, takes 
home the child, and with the 
Q 2 



lespoutus et Chersonesus, 
qui urbs Lysimachia, con- 
ditus duo et viginti annus 
ante a Lysimachus, everto, 
qui por tenia dirus Lysi- 
machus et stirps is, et ru~ 
ina regnum, cum chides 
regio xexatus. 

Plmnices condo Cartha- 
go in Africa, quinquagin- 
ta annus ante captus Ili- 
um. Conditor sum Xorus 
et Charcedon : sed, id Ro- 
mani, et Carthaginienses 
ipse exist imo, Dido, mu- 
Her qui venio Tyrus in is 
lociis,cjui maritus Pygma- 
lion, qui potior res Tyrus, 
interjicio. 

Spartani is tempus tan- 
turn degenero a majores y 
ut cum virtus civis mid- 
tus 6 seralum sum mums 
urbs, civis tunc existime 
sui ixon for em salvus, nisi 
intra murus lateo. Sed 
idem fere tempus turbatus 
status Macedonia revoco 
domus Cassander a Grot- 
cia. 

Hiero, ex ancilla natus, 
a pater expono, velut de 
honestanientum genus; sed 
apis mid tus 6 diesalo par- 
xulus, humanus opis e- 
gens, met. Ob qui res 
pater, admodtas respon- 
sum Arv c colli go 

parvulus, omnisque stu~ 



186 AN INTRODUCTION 

utmost care educates him for the dium. instituo ad spes ma- 

hopes of the majesty that was jestas quipromitto. 
promised. 

Prodigies in the heavens had Ccelestis osUr um prtz- 

f ore told the future greatness of dico futurus magnitudo 

M: ares : tor Loth the year Mitkri dates : nam et is 

he ii, and that wherein annus qui gigno^et is qui 

h First begart to reign, a comet primum ccepi regno ,come- 

both times shone so for seventy tes per liter que tempus ita 

days together, that all the hea- luceo, septuaginta 6 dies, 

vens seemed to be on fire : for ut cceium omnisjiagro vi- 

it took up a fourth part of the deo ; nam magniti (do sum 

heavens by its bulk, and with quartus pars caelum occu- 

its brightness outshone ike splen- po, etfulgor sui nitor sol 

dour ot the sun, and whilst it vinco, et cum orior occmn- 

was rising and setting, took up boque consumo spatium 

the space of four hours. quatuor hora. 

Virgil died at Brundusium in the fifty-first year of his age, and was 
buried at Naples, eighteen years before the Christian a^ra. 

Whilst Sir William Wallace was besieging the castle of Cupar in 
Fife, he v< as informed that the English were advancing to cross the 
river Forth; wherefore he led his army from Cupar to Stirling. 
There was" a wooden bridge over the Forth at Stirling. v ;en Cres- 
singham, general of the English, had passed the Forth with the 
greatest part of his army, the bridge broke, and the passage of the 
rest was stopt. Wallace attacked those who had passed the river, 
made great slaughter, killed Cressingham their general, and drove 
the rest back into the river. So great was the overthrow, that all 
the English wee either stej.n, or swallowed up by the river. This sig- 
nal victory was gained by Wallace in the year 1:297. 

Circe, the daughter of Sol, was the most skilful of all the sorceres- 
ses. The proud woman poisoned her husband, king of the Sarm 
that she herself might reign alone. For this heinous cume, being 
shut out of her kingdom by her subjects, she fled into Italy, and 
there f.xed her seat on a certain promontory in Etruria. There she 
changed Scylla, the daughter of Phorcus, into a sea monster. Ulys- 
ses, returning from Troy, was driven by the violence of storms on 
the promontory of Circe ; who entertained him at her house twelve 
months, and restored to their former shapes h- c companions, whom 
she had formerly metamorphosed into hogs, bears, and wolves. 

The industrious woman is up with the sun ; she waketh at the 
crowing of the cock, and walketh abroad to taste the sweetness of 
the morning. Her garment sweepeth the dew drop from the new 
•stubble and the green grass. Her house is elegant, and plenty smileth 
at her table. Her work is done at the evening ; but the work of tb€ 
slothful is put off till to-morrow. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



187 



Of the Ablative of Price. 
RULE XIV. 

* 63TP HE price ° f . a 
1 thing is put in 

the ablative. 



De Ablativo Pretii. 
REG. XIV. 

i&ETIUM rei 

in ablativo po- 
nitur. 



F 



I bought a book for two shil- 
lings. 

This man sold his country for 
gold. 

Demosthenes taught for a ta- 
lent. 



Emi libvum duobus assi- 

bus. 
Vendidit hie auro patri- 

am. 
Demosthenes docuit talen- 

to. 



NoteV. The ablative of PRICE is found often annexed to verbs 
©f buying and selling : such as, emo, mercor, vendo, veneo, sto, comta, 
liceor, Hcitor, addico, § c. But is not confined to these : For it is 
subjoined to any sort of verb ; as, Cic. Triginta millibus dixistis eum 
habitare. Ter. Vix drachmis est obsonaium decern. And to the adjec- 
tives ; as, Senec. Quod nan opus est, asse carum est. Plaut Vile est 
ingiati minis. Propert. Auro ventolin jura. This ablative, however, 
depends neither on the verb nor adjective, but is governed by the 
preposition pro understood ; which too is sometimes, though more 
rarely expressed : as, Liy. Dam pro argenieis decern aureus unus vale- 
ret Lucil. Vendunt te quod pro minore emptum To the genitives tanti, 
quanti, Slc. in No. 64, following, we may understand pro ceris preiio, 
sen ponder e ; or pro pretii, vtlponderis <£re. 

Note 2. To the verb vaieo is sometimes subjoined an accusative of 
price, the preposition ad being understood; as, Van*. Denarii dicti 
quod denos ceris valebant. 

jYote 3. These ablatives, magna, permagno, parvo, paululo, minimo, 
plurhno, often occur without any substantive ; as, Senec. Parvo 
fames constat, magna fastidium . Cic. Permagno decumas vendidisti. 

# 64. These genitives, Excipiuntur hi ge- 
tanii, quanti, piuris, mi- nitivi, tanti, quaali, 
worn, are excepted. piuris, imn$ris. 



How much cost it ? 
A shilling and more. 



Quanti comiitit? 
Asse et piuris. 



Note 1. To these adjectives add their compounds, quanticunque, 
quaniiquanti, tanlidem ; as. Senec. jYon concvpisces ad libertatem 
quanticuuque pervenire. Cic. Quaniiquanti bene emiiur quod ne- 
cesse t$t. Id. IU tantidem frumtnium, went, quanti domi vendi- 



r< 



AN INTRODUCTION 



ilisset. To which add majoris ; as, Phasd. Multo majoris alapamt 
cum ventunt. 

Note 2. If the substantive be expressed, these genitives are turn- 
ed into the ablative ; as, Cic. Authepsa ilia, quam tanlo pretio mer- 
catus est. Juv. Quctdlo met iris pretio ? Gall. Mtrcutur libros minor t 
pretio. Liv. Nee maj ore pretio redimi possumus. 



63. Isocrates sold one ora- 
tion for twenty talents. 

Nothing costs dearer than 
that which is bought with pray- 
ers. 

That victory cost the Cartha- 
ginians much blood and wounds. 

Despise pleasure ; pleasure 
hurts when bought with pain. 

A great many posts are sold 
for gold, but wise men do not 
buy hope at a great price. 

Fish-ponds are built at a 
great expence. filled at a great 
expence, and maintained at a 
great expence. 

64. Merchants use to sell 
their goods at as high a rate as 
they can. 

Those things please more, 
which are bought at a dearer 
rate. 

The fisher may be bought 
sometimes for less than his fish. 

Nothing shall cost a father 
less than his son : but Demos- 
thenes taught nobody for less 
than a talent. 

TT I have Virgil, with notm 
variorum, which cost me five 
shillings; besides Horace, with 
notes for the use of the Dau- 
phin, which cost me five shil- 
lings and sixpence ; I have like- 
wise Cicero's select orations, 
with notes for the use of the 



Isocrates vendo amis or- 
alio viginti talentum. 

JSTullus res care consto 
quam qui precis emo. 

Is victoria sto Poeni mul- 
tus sanguis ac vubius. 

Sperno voluntas ; volup- 
tas einptus dolor noceo. 

P lu ru nus honor veneo 
aurum, sed sapiens non e- 
mo spes magnus pretitim. 

Piscina azdijico magnum 
impleo magnum, ct alo 
magnum. 

Mercator soleo vendo 
res suus ionium quantum 
possum. 

JMagis ille juvo, qui 
plus emo. 

Piscator inter dum pos- 
sum emo minus quam pis- 

CIS. 

Resmillus minus consto 
pater quam filius; sed De- 
mosthenes doceo nemo mi- 
nus talentum. 

Sum ego Virgilius, cum 
notavarius, qui consto ego 
quinque solidus ; prceterea 
Hur alius, cum nota in u- 
sus DelphinuS) qui consto 
ego j nidus *t sex 

as; habco ciiam Cice- 
ro select us oraiio, cum 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



189 



Dauphin, which I bought for 
four shillings. 

Whilst these things are do- 
ing, one of Alexander's friends, 
whose name was Ephaestion, 
died ; he was very dear to 
Alexander, who lamented his 
death above measure, and made 
him a monument that cost ten 
thousand talents, and ordered 
him to be worshipped as a god 
after his death. 

Lycurgus, the brother of Eu- 
nomus, who reigned at Lacecle- 
mon, was a famous lawgiver. 
He ordered every thing to be 
purchased, not with money, 
but with exchanges of mer- 
chandise. He abolished the 
use of gold and silver, as the 
occasion of all wickedness. He 
divided the administration of 
the commonwealth among the 
states • to the king he granted 
the power of war, to the senate 
the guard of the laws. 

Whilst Alexander, the fol- 
lowing year, enters upon the 
Persian war, that had been be- 
gun by his father, he is inform- 
ed, that the Thebans and Athe- 
nians had revolted from him to 
the Persians, and that the au- 
thor of that revolt was Demos- 
thenes the orator, having been 
bribed by the Persians with 
a great sum of gold, namely, 
with two hundred talents and 
more. 

The Gauls, when the coun- 
try that had produced them, 
could not contain them, sent 



nota in usus Delphinus^ 
qui emu quatuor solidus. 

Dutyi hie ago, units ami- 
cus Alexander, qui nomen 
sum Eplmstion, decedo ; 
sum per cams Alexander^ 
qui lugeo is mors supra 
modus, etfacio is monu- 
meatum, qui consto decern 
mille talentum, et jubeo is 
colo ut deus post mors. 

Lycur gus,f rater Euno- 
mus, qui regno Lacedaz- 
mon, sum inclytus legisla- 
tor. Jubeo siuguli emo y 
non pecunia, sed compen- 
sate merx. Tollo usus 
aurum argentumque, ve- 
lut materia omnis scelus. 
Divido administ ratio res- 
pub lica per ordo ; rex po- 
testas bellum per 'initio ,sej> 
at us custodia lex. 



Dum Alexander, poste- 
rns annus ,aggredior Per- 
sicus bellum inchoatus a 
pater, certiorjio, Tlubani 
et Atheniensis dejicio a sui 
ad Person, auctorque is de- 
fectio existo Demosthenes 
orator, corruptus a Person 
ma gnus pondus aurum, 
nempe, ducenti talentum 
et plus. 



Galli, cum terra qui 
gigno is non capio, mitto, 
milium vestas, treemti mil- 



190 



AN INTRODUCTION 



out, in the beginning ©f sum- 
mer, three hundred thousand 
men to seek new habitations ; 
who passed the insuperable 
submits of the \ips ; and such 
was the terror of the Gallic 
name, that kings not attacked, 
did of their own accord pur- 
chase, peace with a large sum. 

Parmenio, ignorant of Alex- 
ander's illness, had written to 
him, to beware of his physician, 
that he was corrupted by Dari- 
us with a great sum of money ; 
Alexander however thought it 
safer to trust the doubtful faith 
of the physician than perish ; 
he therefore took the cup, de- 
livered the letter to the doclor, 
and, as he drank, he fixed his 
eyes on his countenance as 
he read. 



le homo, ad qucerendus 
novus sedes ; qui trans- 
cendo invictusjugum Al- 
pes ; tantusque sum ter- 
ror Gallicus noinen, ut 
rex non lacessitus ultro 
mercor pax ingens pecu- 
nia. 

Parmenio, ignarus Al- 
exander infirmitas, scri- 
ho ad is, ut caveo a medi- 
cus, ille corrumpo a Da- 
rius ingens pecunia ; Al- 
exander tamen reor tutus 
credo dubius fides medi- 
eus quampereo ; accipio 
igitur poculum, trado e- 
pistola mcdicus, et, inter 
bibendum,intendo oculus 
in vultus legem. 



In the island of Rhodes, Apollo had a statue called Colossus 70 
cubits high, which was erected at the mouth of the harbour. One 
man could scarcely grasp its thumb. The distance between its legs 
was 15 or 20 cubits at least ; for a large ship with tall masts, could 
easily pass betwixt its shanks. This statue cost 300 talents and 
more. 

Sarah, Abraham's wife, died at Kirjatharba in the land of Canaan, 
being 127 years old. As Abraham at this time was a stranger in 
that country, he applied to Ephron the Hittite, begging that he 
would allow him a piece of ground for a burial-place. Ephron an- 
swered Abraham, saying. The cave of Macpelah, and the field 
wherein it is, are mine: I compliment you both with the field and 
the cave ; bury thy dead. Abraham bowed down himself before 
Ephron, returned him thanks, and said, I rather chuse to purchase 
the field for as much as it is worth ; I pray thee accept of a price. 
Ephron replied, The field is worth 400 shekels of siiver, but what is 
that betwixt me and thee ? Abraham paid down the money to 
Ephron, and then buried Sarah his wife. 



TO LATIN SYN TAX. 19 i 

Of tlie Ablative absolute, De Ablativo Absqlc* 



TO. 



RULE XV. REG. XV. 

SUBSTAN- €2 UBSTJJYT1- 



* r* A SUBSTAN. ^ Ut>STJtJ\Tl 

' A. TIVE with KJ VUMcmnpar 

a participle, whose case ticipio, quorum casus 

depends upon no other « nulla alia dictione 

word, are put in the abla- pendet, ponuntur in 

tive absolute. ablativo absolute. 

The sun rising [or, while the Sale oriente fugiunt tew 

sun riseth] darkness flies a- brw. 

way. 

<Dur work being finished [or Opere peracio ludrnm*. 

when our work is fiuished] 

we will play. 



Note 1. Whilst, when, after, having, being, or a word encling in 'ing, 
are the usual signs of this ablative; which generally takes place 
when two parts of a sentence respect different persons or things > 
as, Ovid. Me duce, carpe viam. Id. Elfugiunl,freeno non remorantfy 
dies. Where the persons ego and tu, and the things dies and frce- 
num are different. 

Note 2 The participle exist ente is frequently understood ; as, Plant, 
Me suasore hoc factum, i. e. me existente suasore, Liv. Sylvam vendas^ 
nobis consulibus, sc. existentibus. Virg Rege Latino. Hor. Jove 
cequo. In like manner, Fatis auctoribus, Deo duce, comite fortuna? 
invita Minerva, mc ignaro, ccelo sereno, aspera hyeme,mepuero, Satur* 
no rege, civitate nondum libera, cceleris paribus, fyc. 

Note 3. Sometimes the participle only is expressed ; in which case 
negotio is understood, or the sentence supplies the place of the sub- 
stantive ; as, Hor. Excepto quod non simul esses, ccetera lattus. Liv. 
Nondum comperto quam regionem hostes petissent. 

Note 4. The participles meant in this rule are chiefly the partici- 
ple present, and the participle perfect of passive verbs. Some few 
examples indeed occur of the future in RUS ; as, Mart. Cccsare ven~ 
turo, Phosphore, redde diem. But the future in DUS is seldom or 
never thus used. 

Note 5. In using the participle perfect, the learner ought careful- 
ly to observe, whether it be passive or deponent : for w do not say 
Jacobus his locutis abiit, but we say Jacobus haze locutus abiit. 

jyqte 6. This ablative may be resolved into the nominative, with 



192 



AN INTRODUCTION 



cum, dum, quando,postquam, si, quoniam, or the like ; as, Cic. Py- 
thagoras, Superbo regnante, in lialiain, venit i. e. cum, dum, vel quan- 
do Superbus regnabat. 

Note 7. This ablative, though it be called absolute, is however go- 
verned by sub, cum, a or ab, understood ; whieh^sometiraes seem to 
be expressed ; as, Virg. Sole sub ardenli. Cato. Cum dis volentibus, 
Luc an. Posilis repel ist is ab armis. 

Note 8. In some old authors we meet with nobis prozsente, absents 
nobis, prazsente testibus, instead of nobis prcesenlibus,$~c. 



Whilst our cavalry were 
coming up, the enemy aH on a 
sudden showed their foot, which 
ihev had planted in ambuscade. 

When these things were told 
at Rome ? the senate gave the 
command of the Achaian war 
to the consul. 

The enemy, after they knew 
of his coming, having raised 
great forces, attacked our ar- 
my in their march. 

Lasvinus, after having reco- 
vered all Sicily, after having 
humbled Macedonia, returned 
with great glory to Rome. 

This matter being proposed 
to a council, when he found 
Ifeey all thought the same thing, 
he appoints the next day for 
the battle. 

Drawing out his forces about 
break of day, and having form- 
ed them into two lines, he wait- 
ed to see what measures the 
enemy would take. 

Nero committed many parri- 
cides ; after putting to death 
his brother, wife, and mother, 
he fired the city of Rome. 

In the room of iEneas, As- 
canius his son succeeded ; who 
leaving Lavinium, built Longa 



JVoster equitatus adven- 
tans, hostis subito ostendo 
pedestriscopia, quicolloco 
in insidicB. 

Hie res mmciatus Roma, 
senatus decerno summa 
Achaicus bellum consul. 

Hostis cognitus is ad' 
xentus, coactus magnus co<- 
pice, adorior nosier agmen 
in iter. 

Lazvinus, omnis Sicilia 
receptus, Macedonia frac- 
tus , cum ingens gloria Ro- 
ma regredior. 

Hie res delatus ad con- 
cilium,cum cognosco omnis 
sentio idem,constituo prox- 
imus dies pugna. 

Productus copice primus 
lux, et duplex acies insti- 
tutus, expecto quid consili- 
um hostis capio. 

Nero multus parricidi- 
um committo ;frater,uxor 9 
et mater interfectus, urbs 
Roma incendo. 

In locus JEneas, Asca- 
nius jilius succedo ; qui 9 
relictus Lavinium 7 condo 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



133 



Alba Longa, which was the me- 
tropolis of the kingdom for 
three hundred years. 

IT Alexander, when he had 
over- run India, came to a rock 
of wonderful ruggeduess and 
height into which many people 
had fled ; and when he under- 
stood that Hercules had been 
restrained by an earthquake 
from the taking of that rock, 
being seized with a desire of 
outdoing the actions of Hercu- 
les, he made himself master of 
the 1 rock with the utmost fa- 
tigue and danger. 

The Roman people, after 
Caesar and Pompey were slain, 
seemed to have returned to 
their former state of liberty ; and 
they would have returned, had 
not Pompey left children or Cae- 
sar an heir, or, which was more 
fatal than either, had not Anto- 
ny, the rival of Csesar's power, 
the incendiary and firebrand of 
the following age, survived. 

Hannibal being called home 
to defend his country, was de- 
sirous to make an end of the 
war by treaty, the wealth of his 
country being now exhausted ; 
but the articles were not agreed 
to. A few days after this he 
engaged with Scipio at Zama, 
and being routed, (incredible 
to be said,) in two days and two 
nights he came to Adrtfmetum, 
which is about three hundred 
miles distant from Zama. 

Gaiba, having fought some 
successful skirmishes, and hav- 

R 



Alba Longa, qui sum ca- 
put regnum trecenti 6 an- 
nus. 

Alexander, peragraius 
India, pervenio ad saxum 
minis asperitas et aliitudo 
in qui multus populus con- 
fugio ; et ubi cognosco 
Hercules prohibitus terra 
motus ah expugnatio idem 
saxum, captus cupido su- 
perandum factum Hercu- 
les, potior suxum cum sum- 
mits labor ac periculum. 



Popidus Romanus, Cc&- 
sar et Pompeius, trucida- 
tus, videor redeo in pri- 
stinus status libertas; et 
redeo, nisi Pompeius relin- 
quo liberi, aut Ccesar 1m- 
res, vel, qui, sum pernicio- 
sus uterque, si non Anto- 
nius, cemidus Qmaria,\us 
poteniia.fax et turbo se- 
quens seculum, supersimu 

Hannibal revocatus de- 
fensumpatria, cupio cpm- 
pono bdlwn, facultas pa- 
tria jam exfiaustus ; sed 
conditio non convenio. 
Pauci dies post is coiifligo 
cum Scipio apud Zama,et 
pulsus (incredibilis dictu,) 
6 biduum et duo 6 iwx 
Adrumetum pervenio, qui 
absum drciter trecenti mil- 
lepassus a Zama. 

Galba,secundus aliquot 
medium ^acto, cxpug- 



194 



AN INTRODUCTION 



ing taken several of their forts, 
deputies too being sent to him 
from all parts, and a peace con- 
cluded, resolves to quarter two 
cohorts among the Nantuates, 
and to winter himself with the 
other cohorts of that legion, in 
a village of the Veragri, which 
is called Octodurus : and as it 
was divided into two parts by a 
torrent, one part of the village 
he assigned to the Gauls, the 
other he allotted for the cohorts 
to winter in. 

The state of the Juhones in 
alliance with us was afflicted 
with a sudden calamity ; for 
fires issuing from the earth, 
every where, seized their towns, 
farms, and dwellings, nor could 
they be extinguished. During 
the same year too, the tree 
jRuminalis, that, eight hundred 
and forty years ago, had shel- 
tered the infancy of Remus and 
Romulus, was broken down, its 
branches being dead, and its 
trunk withered. 

Alexander died three and 
thirty years and a month old j 
a man endowed with a great- 
ness of soul above human power. 
Some omens of his future great- 
ness appeared at his birth ; for 
the day on which he was born 
two eagles sat all day upon the 
top of his fathers house ; the 
same day too his father receiv- 
ed the news of two victories. 
After the time of his boyship 
was over, he grew up under A- 
rjstotle, the famous teacher of 



tusque comphires is casteU 
him, legatus quo que mis- 
sus ad is undiqve, et pax 
f actus constituo colloco duo 
cohors in Nantuates, et 
Memo ipse cum reliquus is 
legio cohors, in Vicus Vi- 
ragri, qui appello Octodu- 
rus ; et quam in hie duo 
pars Jiumen divido, alter 
pars is vicus G alius con- 
cedo, alter cohors ad hie* 
mandum attribuo. 

Civitas Juhones socius 
ego affiigo improvises ma- 
lum ; nam ignis terra edi- 
tus, passim corripio villa, 
arvum, et vicus, neque ex- 
tinguo possum. Idem quo- 
que annus, arbor Rumi- 
nalis, qui, octingenti et 
quadraginta annus ante, 
tego infantia Remus Ro- 
mulusque, diminuo, mor- 
tuus ramale ? et arescens 
tnincus. 

Alexander decedo tres 
et triginta annus et unvs 
rnensis natus ; vir prae- 
diius magnitude a?iimus 
supra humanus potentia. 
NonnuUusprodigiumfutu. 
rus magnitudo in ipse or- 
tus appareo ; nam is dies 
qui nascor, duo aquila se- 
deo totus 6 dies supra cul- 
men domus pater is; idem 
quoque dies pater accipio 
nuncius duo victoria. Ex- 
actus pmritia, cresco $iib 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



lQy 



•ill the philosophers. Upon his 
coining to the kingdom, he or- 
dered himself to be called the 
king of all the earth and the 
world. When he was present, 
his suldiers feared the arms of 
no enemy. 

The Carthaginians, upon 
hearing this answer, sent for 
Hannibal home. He, as soon 
as he returned, was made prae- 
tor, in the two and twentieth 
year after he had been king. 
For at Carthage every year two 
kings were made, as consuls 
are at Rome. The year after 
his Praetorship, when M. Clau- 
dius and L. Furius were con- 
suls, ambassadors came from 
Rome to Carthage ; and Hanni- 
bal, supposing they were sent 
on account of demanding him, 
goes aboard a ship, and fled in- 
to Syria to Antiochus. 

The Gauls did so abound 
with numbers of people, that 
they filled all Asia as it were 
with a swarm ; at last they re- 
solved to turn their arms against 
Antiochus ; upun information 
whereof, he redeems himself 
from them with gold, as from 
robbers ; and claps up an al- 
liance with his hirelings. 



Aristoteles, inclytus doctor 
omnis philosophus. Ac- 
ceptus imperium,jubeo sui 
appello rex omnis terra ac 
mimdus. Ille pr<zsens> 
miles timeo arma nullus 
hostis. 

Carthaginiensis, hie re- 
sponsum cognitus, revoco 
Hannibal domus. Hie, ut 
redeo, pr&torjio, annus se- 
cundiis et vicesimus post' 
quam rex sum, Carthago 
enim quotannis binus rex, 
creO) ut consul Roma. An- 
nus post praitura,M Clau- 
dius et S Furius consul^ 
legatus Pcoma Carthago 
venio ; et Hannibal, hie 
sui exposcendus gratia 
missus ratus, conscendo 
navis, at que profit gio in 
Syria ad Antiochus. 

Gallus adeo abmido 
multitudo, ut impleo om- 
nis Asia velut ex amen ; 
tandem statuo verto arma 
in Antiochus ; qui cogni- 
tus, redimo sui ab hie ait- 
rum velut a prcedo ; so- 
cietasque cum mercenarius 
suits jungo. 



Cyrus having subdued the Lesser Asia, as likewise Syria and Arabia, 
entered Assyria, and bent his march towards Babylon. The siege of 
this important place was no easy enterprise. The walls were of a pro- 
digious height, the number <jf men to defend them very great, and the 
city stored with all sorts of povisions for twenty years. However, these 
difficulties did not discourage Cyrus from prosecuting his design, who 
after spending two entire years before the place, became master of it 
by a stratagem upon a festival night, which the Babylonians were ac- 
customed to spend in driuking and debauchery, he ordered the bank 



196 



AN INTRODUCTION 



of the canal above the city, leading to the great lake, that had been 
lately dug by the Nitocris, to be broken down ; and Laving thus d£ 
rerted the course of the river, by turning the whole current into 
the lake, he caused his troops to march in bv the bed of the river 
w±o now penetrated into the heart of the city without opposition! 
surprised ^ the guards ot the palace, and cut them to niece* ~ The 
taking of Babylon put an end to the Babylonian empire, and fulfill- 
J*™ z unicil tof? prophets Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Daniel, 

Had uttered against that proud metropolis. ' 



III. The construction of words III. Constructs vocum 
indeclinable. indeclinabilium. 



1. Of ADVERBS 



1. Adverbiorum. 



*66S OMEadverbsof i A DVER BM 

* JO time, place, and ' JfA_ quczdam tem- 

quantity ,govern the geni- pons, loci, ct quanti- 

^ lve - . tatis, regunt geniti- 

vurn. 



In the mean time. 
At that time. 
Where in the world ? 
To what nation ? 
Abundance of power. 
Enough of words. 



Interea loci. n 
Tunc temporis. 
Ubi terrarum ? 
Quo gentium ? 
Abunde potential. 
Satis verborum. 



1. The adverbs of lime are," interea, postea, inde, tunc.*' 

2. The adverbs of place are ubi and quo, with their com- 
pounds, " ubique, ubicunque, ubiubi, ubinam, ubivis, alibi, 
"alicubi, quocunque, quovis, aliquo, quoquo ;" also " eo* 
(i hue, huccine, unde, usquam, nusquam, longe, ibidem." 

3. The adverbs of quantity are, " abunde, affatim, lar^i- 
c; ter, nimis, quoad, satis, parum, minime." 

The words ergo for the sake, instar, and parti m, usually 
added here, are real substantives. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



197 



Note 1. Pridie and postridie govern the genitive or the accusa- 
tive; as, Cic. Prldie ejus diei. Cozs. Poslridie ejus diei. Cic. Pridie 
qwinqudtrus. Id. Postridie ludos Apollinares. Thus, pridie, postridie, 
Kalemlas, Nonas, Idas, seldom Kalendarum, fyc. 

jXoie 2. The adverbs, cm, ecce, take the nominative or the accusa- 
tive ; as, Cic. En causa, cur dominum servus accuset Senec. En Pa- 
ridis hosiem. Cic. Ecce mulla major dissensio. Plaut. Ecce rem. 

Note 3. To these constructions the words negotium, res, locus, 
tcmpus, or the like, with some preposition, is understood. Thus, 
Interea loci, i. e. interea negotia loci. Ubiterrarum, i. e. ubi in nego- 
iio lerrarum. Quo gentium i. e. cut negotio vel loco gentium. Jlbunde 
potential, i. e. abunde de re potent i-ee. And pridie ejus die, i.e. pridie 
ante lempus ejus diei. To en and ecce, some verb is understood ; as, 
En Priamus, sc. adest. Ecce duas aras, sc. videtis. 

* 67. Some derivative 2. Qucedam adver- 
adverbs govern the case bia derivata regunt 
of their primitives. casum primitivorum* 



Most elegantly of all. 
Agreeably to nature. 
A foot high. 
Beyond expectation. 



Elegantissime omnium, 
Congruenter naturce* 
Mte ptdem. 
Amplius opinione. 



Note. These adverbs require the same supplies to complete the 
construction, as the adjectives from which they are formed. 



66. 1. Whilst I wandering 
about and deprived of my coun- 
try, you in the mean time have 
made yourself rich. 

After this, the consul, now 
unquestionable conqueror, came 
to the town of Cirta. 

The strength of the Athe- 
nians at that tine was small, 
their frVet being sent into Egypt. 

2. What you were doing, or 
where in the world you were, I 
could not so much as guess. 



He came to 



that height of 
R2 



Durn ego erranspatria 
careo, tu interea locus tu 
locupieto. 

Postea locus consul, 
ht^ud dubie jam victor , 
pervenio in oppidum 
Cirta. 

Fires Jlthenienses 
tunc tempus sum parvus, 
clams in JEgytus missus. 

Qui* ago, auf ubi ter- 
ra sum, ne suspieior qui- 
dem. 
Eo vecordiuproctdOyUt 



198 



AN INTRODUCTION 



madness, that what I should do, 
or to what part of the world I 
should fly, I knew not. 

Where in the world are we ? 
Are we come to this pass ? Are 
we come to this pitch of misery ? 

I can find my brother no 
where; but in whatever part 
of the world he may be, he will 
be beloved by gGod men. 

Let him go to any part of 
the world, the affair will be in 
the same condition : virtue 
every where will find friends. 

3. Caesar said that he had got 
abundance of power and glory, 
and plenty of wealth. 

Let him have plenty of old 
wine, that he may drink day 
and night. 

Too much artifice seems to 
have been used for charming 
the ears ; he that behaves right 
will have plenty of apptauders. 

Will he become an excellent 
poet, who has no courage to 
dash the words that have little 
beauty ? By no means. 

67. The lynx is said to sec 
the most clearly of all quadru- 
peds. 

1 do not ask what he says, 
but what he can say agreeably 
to reason. 

The Sulmonenses opened the 
gates, and all went out to meet 
Antony. 

The ground being covered 
with dung a foot thick, must 
be formed into beds before you 
begin to sow. 

The Numidians possess the 



quis ago , aut quo gens J&- 
gio nescio. 

Vbinam gens sum ? 
Huccine res venio f Eone 
miserici venitur ? 

Prater nusquam gens 
invenio ; sed ubicunque 
terra sum, diligo a bonus 
vi r. 

Abeo quo vis gens, res 
ibidem locus sum : virtus 
ubique locus invenio ami- 
cus. 

Ccesar dico sui adipiscor 
potentia gloriaque abunde y 
et diviticz affatim. 

Habeo vetus vinum lar- 
giter, nt dies noxquepoto. 

Nimis insidiee- capien- 
dus auris adhibeo videor ; 
qui rectefacio habeo satis 
laudator. 

Fione ille egregius poe* 
ta. qui non audeo expungo 
verbiim qui par um splen- 
dor habeo ? Minime gens. 

Lynx dico cerno dare 
o mnis quadrupes . 

Non queer o quis dico, 
sed quis possum dico conve- 
nient er ratio. 

Sulmonenses porta ape- 
rio, et omnis obviam An- 
tonius exeo. 

Terra stercoratus pes 
alte, in pulvinus redigen- 
dus sum antequam sero 
incipio. 

Numidw teneo cceter fo- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



139 



other parts as far as Maurita- 
nia : the Mauri are next to 
Spain. 

The beauty of Glycera, shin- 
ing more bright than Parian, 
marble, consumes me. 

Thus speaks Neptune, and 
swifter than speech he smooths 
the swelling seas, disperses the 
collected clouds, and brings 
back the day. 

*H Astyages, being frighted 
at this answer, gave his daugh- 
ter in marriage neither to a fa- 
mous man, nor to one of that 
country, but to Carabyses, a 
mean man of the nation of the 
Persians, at that time obscure. 
And the fear of the dream not 
being laid aside even thus, he 
sends for his daughter big with 
child, that the infant might be- 
slain under the eye of his grand- 
father. 

The Lacedemonians, having 
consulted the oracle at DeJphos 
concerning the eve/t of the war, 
are ordered to seek a general 
from the Athenians: But the 
Athenians, when they under- 
stood the answer, in contempt 
of the Spartans, sent Tyrtaeus, 
a poet, lame of a foot ; who be- 
ing routed in three battles, re- 
duced the Spartans to that des- 
pair, that they manumitted 
their slaves for the recruiting 
of their army. 

I know not whether it would 
not have been better for the Ro- 
man people to have been con- 
tent with Sicily and Africa, or 



cus usque ad M<mrif.ania > 
proximo Hispania Mq\ 
sum. 

Nit or Glyce ra , sp k n - 
dens pure Pari us viarmo r , 
uro ego. 

Sic aio Neptunus, et 
dictum cito placo tumidus 
cequorjiigo collectus nubes 
solque reduce. 

Astyages, exterritus hie. 
responsum, trudofdia in 
matrimonmmnequeclarus- 
vir, neque civis, seci Cam- 
by ses, mediocris vir ex 
gens Person, tunc tempus 
obscurus. Ac ne sic qui- 
dem s omnium m etas depo- 
situs, arcessojilia gravi- 
das, id sub avm oculus 
partus neco* 



Lacedozmonii, oraculum 
Delphi consultus de bellum 
eventus , j ubeo veto dux ab 
Athenienses : Porro Athe- 
nienses, cum cognosco res- 
ponsum, in contemptus 
Spartani, mitto Tyr tarns, 
poet a claudus pes; qui 
tres pr allium fitsus, eo des- 
perado Spartani adduce, 
ut manumit to servus ad 
supple mentum exerct tu$. 



Nescio an sat his sum 
populusRomanus sum con- 
tentus Sicilia et Africa, 
aut ttiam hie careo, quant 



290 



AN INTRODUCTION 



even to have wanted these, than 
to s^row to that bigness as to be 
destroyed by their own strength: 
for what thing else produced in- 
testine distractions, than exces- 
sive good fortune ? and whence 
came that desire of superiority 
and domineering, but from ex- 
cessive wealth ? 

Cyrus, the day following, 
forsook his camp ; but left plen- 
ty of wine, and those things that 
were necessary for a feast. The 
queen sends her son with a 
third part of her force? to pur- 
sue Cyrus. When they were 
come to Cyrus's camp, the 
young man ignorant of military 
affairs, as if he was come to a 
feast, not to a battle, letting 
the enemy alone, suffers the 
barbarians to load themselves 
with wine ; and the Scythians 
are conquered by drunkenness. 

He is an orator, who, on 
every question, can speak finely 
and ornately, and in a manner 
fit for persuading , but in these 
times of ours, neither sufficient 
pain is bestowed in reading au- 
thors, nor in searching into an- 
tiquity, nor upon the knowledge 
either of things or of men, or 
of the times. 

Diomedon came to Thebes 
with a vast quantity of gold, and 
drew over Micythus, a young 
man, by five talents to his lure. 
Micythus went to Enaminon- 
das, and teMs him the occasion 
of Diomedon's coming ; but he, 
in the presence of Diomedon, 



eo magnitude* cresco, ui 
vires suus conficio ; quis 
enim res alius furor civi- 
lis pario, quam nimiusfe- 
licitas ? et wide venio illc 
cupido principatus et do* 
minandurti nisi ex nimius 
opes ? 

Cyrus, dies posterns, de~ 
sero castra; at relinquo 
vinum ctffatim, et is qui 
epulum necessarius sum. 
Regina mitto Jilius cum 
tertius pars copies ad inse- 
quendus Cyrus. Cum ve- 
nitur ad Cyrus castra, a- 
dolescens, ignarus res mi- 
liiarisjvduti ad epulce,non 
ad proelium venio, omissus 
hostis,patior bar bams one- 
ro sui vinum; et Scythaz 
ebrietas vinco. 

Is sum orator, qui, de 
omnis quxstio possum dico 
pulchre et ornate, et apte 
ad persuadendwn: sedhic 
noster tempus, nee satis 
opera insumoin cognoscen- 
dus auctor, nee in evolven- 
dus antiquitas, nee in no- 
tia vel res, vel homo, vel 
tempus* 

Diomedon venio ThebcR 
cum magnus pondus aurum 
et perduco Micythus, ado- 
lescentulus, quinque talen- 
turn, ad suns voluntas, Mi- 
cithus Epaminondas cOn- 
venio, et oster.do causa 
Diomedon adventus: at 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



201 



said, There is no need of mo- 
ney ; for if the king desire those 
things that are expedient for 
the The bans, I am ready to do 
them for nothing ; but if the 
contrary, he has not gold and 
silver enough. 

Next day Caesar, before the 
enemy could recover them- 
selves from their consternation 
and flight, led his army into the 
country of the Suessiones, who 
are next to the Remi ; and, hav- 
ing performed a great march, 
he came to the city Noviodu- 
num. After fortifying his camp 
having reared the vineae, having 
cast up a mount, and erected 
turrets, he began to storm the 
town. 

Micipsa, as Jugurtha was 
fond of Military glory, resolves 
to expose him to dangers, hop- 
ing he would fall, either in 
making a show of his bravery 
or by the fuiy of the enemy. 
But that matter fell out quite 
otherwise than he imagined ; 
for Jugurtha, as he was of an 
enterprising and penetrating 
genius, after he came to know 
the general's temper, by much 
pains and much diligence, and 
by often exposing himself to 
dangers, came in a short time 
to so great reputation, that he 
was a very great terror to the 
enemy. 

Lycurgus suffered the young 
men to use no more than one 
coat in a whole year, nor any 



ille, Dioinedon coram, in~ 
guam, Nihil opus sumpe- 
cunia ; nam si rex is volo 
gui Thehani sum utilis, 
gratis J "acio sum paratas ; 
sin aid em cdiitrarius, non 
habeo aurura algue argen* 
turn satis. 

Postridieis dies Cazsar, 
priusquam hostis recipio 
sui ex terror acfuga, duco 
cxercitus injiinis Suessio- 
nes, qui sum proximus Re- 
mi ; et, magnus iter con- 
feet us, ad oppidum Novio- 
dunum pervenio. Castra 
munitus, vineee actus, ag- 
ger jactusy turrisque con- 
stiiutus, oppidum oppugna 
c&pi. 

Micipsa, quod Jugur- 
tha sum appetens gloria 
militaris, statuo objecto is 
periculum,speran s occasio- 
ns, vel ostendandum vir- 
tiiSy vel scevilia hostis, 
Sedis res longe aliter eve- 
nio ac re or, nam Jugur- 
tha, ut sum impiger atque 
acris 6 ingenium,ubi cog- 
nosco natura imperator, 
midtus labor muliusque 
cur a, et scepe eundum ob- 
viam priculum brevi per- 
venio in tantus claritudo^ 
ut sum magnus terror hos- 
tis. 

Lycurgus per initio ju~ 
vents utor non ample units 
vestis totus 6 annus. ne$ 



202 AN INTRODUCTION 

one to qo finer than another, quisquam pro gredior culte 

nor fare more sumptuously, qaam alter, nee epuloropit- 

He ordered young women to le titer. Jubeo virgo nubo 

be married without fortunes, sine dos, ut uxor eligonon 

that wives might be chosen, pecunia. Volo magnus 

Hot money. He ordered the honor sum, non dives et 

greatest respect should belong, potens,sedsenex,pro gra- 

not to the rich and powerful, dusoetas; nee sane usquam 

but to old men, according to the terra senectus locus hono- 

degree of their age ; nor indeed ratus habeo quam LacediE* 

lias old age any where on earth mon. 
a more respectful habitation 
than at Lacedoemon. 

Cotta being asked his opinion, spoke to this purpose: It is the 
part of wise men to do nothing rashly. I do not think that we ought 
to remove from our winter-quarters without the order of Cassar. 
Our winter-quarters being fortified, we shall easily withstand the 
forces ot the Germans. You see, that we have bravely withstood 
the first assault of our enemies. Our enemies, after receiving many 
wounds, have desisted from the siege. We have enough of corn. 
Cassar will not forget his faithful soldiers. What is more foolish, 
what is more disgraceful, than to listen to the advice of an enemy in 
so important au affair ? It becomes us to remember that we are Ro- 
mans. 

The Tynans sent ambassadors to meet Alexander, with presents 
for himself, and provisions for his army. But when he desired to 
enter the city, under pretence of ottering sacrifice to Hercules, they 
refused him admittance; which provoked Alexander, now- flushed 
with so many victories, to such a degree of resentment, that he re- 
solved to storm the city and enter it by force. The city then stood 
on an island half a mile distant from the shore, was surrounded 
with a strong wall 150 feet high ; the inhabitants had plenty of pro- 
visions, and were stored with all sorts of warlike machines. Alex- 
ander, however, by carrying a mole or causey 200 feet broad, from 
the continent to the island, transported his army, and after a siege 
of seven months, battered down the walls, took the city by storm, 
and fully executed upon that wealthy and wicked city, the judg- 
ments long before denounced by the prophets. 



Of Prepositions. 2. Pr^efositionum. 

68. r¥l HE prepositions l.^W^R^POSIT- 
1 ad } ajzud, ante, JL I0JVESad,a 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



203 



&c. govern 
tive. 



the accusa- 



pud, ante, 8fc. accu- 
sativum regunt. 



To the Father. 



Ad patrem. 



Note. To the prepositions governing the accusative, some ad2 
circiter,prope, usque, and versus : but these are real adverbs, having 
the prepositions ad understood ; which, with the last three, is some- 
times expressed. 

69. The prepositions a, 2. Prcepositiones a,, 
ab, abs, &c. govern the ab- ab, abs, &;c. regunt 
lative. ablativum, 



From the Father. 



A patre. 



Note 1. To the prepositions governing the ablative, some add^po- 
€id ; but this is an adverb, having a or ab understood, or some* 
times expressed ; as, Virg. Procul apatria. 

Note 2. Tcnus is put after its case, and when the noun is plural-, 
usually governs the genitive ; as, Virg. Crurum tenus a mento pa- 
Tear ia pendent. Cic. Lumborum tenus. But sometimes the ablative ^ 
as, Ovid, Pectoribus tenus. 

Note 3. That a ande are put before consonants, ab and ex before 
vowels or consonants, abs before q and t ; as, a patre, e regione ; ab 
initio, ab rtge ; ex urbe, ex parte ; abs quovis homine, ahs te. 

70. The prepositions 3. Prcepositiones in,, 

in^ sub, super, and subter, sub, super, e/subter f 

govern the accusative, regunt accusativum, 

when motion to a place cum motus ad locum 

is signified. significatur. 



I go into the school. 

He shall go under the earth. 

It fell upon the troops. 

He brings him under the roof. 



Eo in scholam. 
Ibit sub terras. 
Incidit super agmina. 
Duett subier fastigia. 



71. But if motion or rest At si motus vel quies 
in a place be signified, in loco sigmficetur p in 

ablatio 



in and sub govern the ab- 



et sub regunt 



204 AN INTRODUCTION 

lative; super and subter vum ; superb subter 
either the accusative or vel acmsativum vel 
abl a ti v e. ablativ urn. 

I run or sit in the school. Discurro velsedeo inscha- 

la 
I lie or walk under the shade. Jlmbulo vel recubo sub um- 

bra. 
He pitched his camp beyond PosuH castrti super am. 

the river.. 
'He sits upon the grass. Sedet super fronde. 

The veins are dispersed under Venfc subter cut em disper- 
se skin. gimiur. 
They continue under the tar- Stutter testudine manent. 
get- fence. 

Note 1. In, signifying to. into, toward, ' against, till, until, over, af- 
ter, for, v ive: bat when it 
signifies in or airioin - - the ablative. 

Note 2. Sub,au ruck a th-.t, generally governs 

lh£ accusative. Bui when it signifies nigh to, or ntaraplact, it com* 
moi'iy takes the ablative. 

beyond, above, besides, upon, at, or in time 
vf, governs the accusative ; but when it siguifies about, concerning, 
for, or because of it takes the ablative, 

Note A. Subter takes very rarely the ablative, and only among 
poets. 

GENERAL NOTES. 

I'. The word governed by the preposition is sometimes sup- 
pressed ; as. ad Opis, ad Diance ; supply cedem. A Vestoz, supply wde. 

2. The preposition itself is frequently suppressed : as, Caes. Cir- 
titer meridiem. Cic. Prope m-iros. Curt. Usque pedes. Piin. Ori- 
€ntem versus. Virg. Dcvenere locos. Cic. Magnam partem ex fam- 
lis constat oratio, sup. ad. Ter. Kane idprodeo, ire inficias, suppetias, 
exsequias. sup. ab or propter. Virg. Maria aspera, juro, sup. per. 
Liv. Procul seditione, sup. a. Ca?s. St loct> movere, sup. e. Hor. 
Vina promtns dolio, sup. ex. Ter. Quid Mo facias, sup. de, Vitruv. 
Jiiiud alius loco nasciiur, sup. in. Juv. Fallitnus vitium specie vir- 
tuiis, sup. sub. 

72. A preposition often 4. Precpositio in 

governs the same case in compositions eundem. 

composition that it does scepe casum regit 

Without it- quern extrot, 



«Pd LATIN SYNTAX. 



2*b : 



Let us go to the school. 
He speaks to his brother. 
He carried the army over 

river. 
They go out of Ae church. 
He departed from the city. 
They engage in battle. 
They come up to the walls. 
He excels all. 
lie is carried round the fort. 



Adeamus scholam. 
Atioquitur fratrem. 
the Exercitumjlitvium trans, 
duxit. 
Exeunt tcmplo. 
Decessit urbe. 
Ineimt prazlium. 
Subeunt muros. 
Supereminet omne$. 
Circumvehitur arcem. 



Nott\. This rule takes place only when the preposition may be 
dissolved from the verb, and put before the case by itself; as Virg. 
Alio quor palrcm, i.e. loquor ad patrem, Li v. Circumvehitur arcem\ 
i. e. vehitur circum arcem. 

Note 2. The preposition is frequently repeated; as, Cic. ad no? 
fideunt. Caes. Exire efinibus suis. Cic. In rempublicam invasit. 

Note 3. Some verbs compounded with e or ex govern the ablative or 
the accusative, extra being understood ; as, Virg. Exire septis. Slat. 
Exire campum, sc. extra campum. Ovid. Porlubus egredior. PlhY 
Egredi veritatem,sc extra veritatem. Virg. Excedere terra. Lucan! 
Exctdere muros, sc. extra muros. Virg. Erumpunt portis. Id. Erum- 
pere nubem, sc. extra nubtm. In like manner, Prcevehi littus prat- 
labimatnia, sc. prozter Ultus, prater mcenia. ' ' 



68. After they came to a con- 
ference, peace was concluded 
between them. 

The swallows come before 
iuinmer, they take pleasure to 
fly through the air. 

The fc boy practises piety to- 
wards God, reverence towards 
wen. 

The general drew up his ar- 
my on this side the Alps, no^ 
body ever fought more stoutly 
•against an enemy. 

He takes the towns about 
Capua, he rewards the soldiers 
'according to their bravery. 

The moon drives her chariot 
beneath the sun, the heaven is 
stretched out above the clouds. 

S 



Postquamvenio ad coU 
loqnium y pax ordino inter 
is, 

Hirundo venio ante 
cestas, gaudeo volito per 
aura. 

Puer exerceo pietas ad- 
versus Deus, reverentia 
erga homo. 

Dux instruo ac\es cis 
Alpesj nemo unqiiam pug- 
no fortiter contra hostis 

Occupo urbs circa Ca- 
pua, remuneror miles se- 
cwidum virtus. 

Luna ago currus infra, 
sol x ccehqn porrigo Supra- 
nubes. 



io(> 



AN INTRODUCTION 



60. The bo j is praised by us, 
be is approved by you, he is 
blamed by others without reason. 

Friends are changed wi:h 
fortune, hatred is often repaid 
for favour, a tree is known by 
its (nut. 

After the battle, the general 
liegan to treat about a peace 
Without delay. 

Whilst he was sailing across 
-ihe river, the boat began to 
„sink, he is wet up to the chin. 

70. Showers are poured 
•down into the valleys, whilst 
..snow falls upon the bills*. 

The shepherds came under 
<he mountains with their flocks, 
,at length they were foic?d by 
tthe rain to drive them into folds 
,undeT the givund. 

71. Whilst Peter was sitting 
^n the parlour, the boys were 

praying in the porch, the girls 
ivere dancing under a tree. 

The soldiers sat down upon 
ihe grass nigh the shore, win re 
ihev dined in presence of their 
general. 

Phaeton for fear fell from 
hea\cn into the Po in Italy; 
his sisters bewailed his death 
till they were all changed into 
poplar trees. 

Whilst the war is carried on 
in .Numidia against Juguriha, 
the Romans were defeated by 
the Gauls nigh the Rhone. 

Towards the evening, the no- 
bility fled out of the city, pas- 
sed over into Greece, levied 
war in Epire against Ckesar. 



Puer laudo a ego, probe 
abs tu, culpo ah alius abs- 
que causa. 

Amicus muto cum for. 
tuna, odium scepe reddopro 
gratia j arbor dignosco ex 
ft uctus. 

Post pugna, dux eaipi 
ago de pax sine mora, 

Dum veho trans jluvius, 
cymba ccepi sido, madcfio 
mentum ienus. 

Imbcrfundo in val!is t 
dum nix cado super mo?u- 

Pastor venio sub mom 
cum grex. tandem cogo ab 
imberago is in septum su- 
bier terra, 

Dum Pefrus scdeo in 
camacu!um y puer colludo 
in vestibidum^puella saiio 
sub arbor. 

Miles discumho super 
gramen, subler littus, ubi 
prandeo coram dux. 

Phaetonprce iimor cado 
de cxlum in Pa das in 
Italia; soror lugeo mors, 
donee mn is m u to i n p opu- 
lus. 

Dum helium gero in JYu- 
midia contra Jugurtha, 
Rom anus vinco a G alius 
jnxia Rhodanus. 

Sub vespcrus. nobilitas 
fugio ex urbs, trans eo in 
Grcecia, paro brllum a- 
pudEpirus contra Caesar- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



m 



<£aesar is sent into Germany, 
he inarches with his army be- 
yond the Rhine, lays waste the 
country, returns with glory to 
winter quarters. 

72. The shepherd passes by 
the village, goes to the city, 
where he stays a long time : he 
is ordered to depart from the 
town, to return to his flocks; 
hut he would not desist from 
his purpose. 

IT Mardonius accosts Xerxes 
affrighted at his defeat, and 
doubtful what course to take : 
he advises him to go away into 
his kingdom, lest the fame of 
this unfortunate war should oc- 
casion any sedition. His ad- 
vice being approved, an army 
is delivered to Mardonius ; the 
king himself prepares to draw 
back the rest of the troops into 
his kingdom : but the Greeks, 
having heard of the king's 
flight, enter into a design of 
breaking down the bridge 
which he had made at Abydos. 

Thus after Atticus had ab- 
stained from food for two days, 
on a sudden his fever went off, 
and the distemper began to be 
mote easy; he died, however, 
the fifth day after, the day be- 
fore the Kalends of April., when 
Cn. Domitius and C. Socius 
were consuls. He was carried 
to his funeral upon a little 
couch, as he himself had order- 
ed, without any pomp of funer- 
al? all eood peoole attending 



Ccesar mitto in German 
nia, pergo cum exercitus 
ultra Rhenus, vasto ager 9 
revertor cum gloria in Inj~ 
berna. 

Pastor pr outer eo villa, 
adeo urbSyUbi diu commo- 
ror ; jubeo decedo oppi- 
durrij redeo ad grcx ; at 
nolo absisto inception* 



Mardonius aggredio? 
Xerxes percuhus hie cla- 
des et dubius consilium ; 
hortcr ut in regnum abeo, 
ne quid seditio jama ad- 
versus helium moveo. 
Probatus consilium, exer- 
citus trado Mardonius ; 
rex ipse paro reliquus 
capiat in regnum : sed 
Grceci, auditus rexfuga, 
ineo consilium inter rum- 
pendus pons qui ille Abij- 
dus facia. 



Sic, cum Alliens absti- 
neo cibus biduum, subito > 
febris decedo, morbusque 
ccepi sum levis ; decedo 
tamen quintus exinde dies 
pridie Kalendce, Aprilis, 
Cn. Domitius C. So sins 
consul. Effero in lecti- 
cula, ut ipse preescribo, 
sine ullus pompa funus, 
omnis bonus comitans Se~ 
pelio juxta via Appius, 
ad ouiiitus lapis, in ?no- 



SOS- 



AN INTRODUCTION 



him. He was buried near the 
Appian way, at (he fifth mile- 
stone, in the monument of Q,. 
Cseciiius his uncle. 

Jn the mean time, the Ro- 
mans sending the Scipios into 
Spain, first drove the Cartha- 
ginians out of the province ; af- 
terwards they carried on terri- 
ble wars with the Spaniards 
themselves ; nor would the 
Spaniards receive the yoke till 
€aesar Augustus, after he had 
conquered the world, carried 
his victorious arms to them, 
and reduced the barbarous and 
savage people into the form of 
a province. 

The Dorians consulted the 
oracle about the event of the 
contest ; answer was made 
them, That they should be su- 
perior, unless they killed the 
king of the Athenians. Codrus 
was kins of the Athenians at 
that time ; who having got no- 
tice of the answer of the god, 
changing his royal habit, en- 
tered the enemy's camp, he is 
slain by a soldier, whom he 
had wounded with a cutting- 
knife. The king's body being 
known, the Dorians march off 
without fighting : and thus the 
Athenians are delivered from 
the war, by the bravery of 
their Prince, offering himself 
to death for the safety of his 
country. 

A desire of visiting the sa- 
cred residence of the god Se- 
Tapis, whom Egypt, a nation 
devoted to superstition, adorei 



numentum Q. €cecilius c ttr 
vimculus suus. 



Interea, Romani, mi K s> 
sus in Hispania Scipio ¥ 
primo Pceni provincia ex- 
pello ; postea cum ipse 
Hispani gravis helium 
gero ; nee prius Jugtim 
Hispani accipio vo!o f 
quam Coesar Augustus, 
perdomitus orbis, victrix 
ad is anna transferor po- 
pul usque barbarus ac fe- 
rns in forma provincia 
redigo. 

Dorienses de eventus, 
pr odium oracidum consu- 
lo ; respondetur, is supe- 
rior for em , ni rex At he* 
nienses occido. Atheni- 
enses is tempus rex Cod- 
rus sum; qui responsum 
deus cognitus, permutatus 
regius habitus, castra hos- 
tis ingredior, interficio a 
miles, qui falx vulnero. 
Rex corpus cognitus, Do- 
rienses sine prcelium dis- 
cedo ; atque ita Athenien- 
ses, virtus dux, pro salus 
patria mors sui offer ens, 
helium libero* 



Cupido adeundum sacer 
sedes deus Serapis, qui 
JEgyptus, gens deditu* 
super stitio, colo anti om« 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



209 



beyond all other, seized Ves- 
pasian, that he might consult 
him about affairs of the empire : 
and having entered the temple, 
and being intent upon the deity, 
behind his own back he per- 
ceived Basil ides, whom he 
knew to be several days jour- 
ney from Alexandria. He ex- 
amines the priests, whether Ba- 
silides that day had entered the 
temple ? he asks, whether he 
had been seen in the city ? At 
last, dispatching horsemen, he 
learns, that he was at that in- 
stant eight miles from thence. 



nis alius, capio Vespasi- 
anus, lit consulo is super 
res imperium: atque in- 
gressus templwn, intentus- 
que numen, pone tergum 
suas respicio Basilides, 
qui nosco plus dies 6 iter 
absum Alexandria. Per- 
contor sacerdos, num ille 
dies Basilides templum 
ineo ? per contor, rami in 
urbs video ? Denique mis- 
sus eques, exploro, is ille 
tempus momentum octo- 
ginta 6 mille passus ab- 
sum. 



Neptune, Vulcan, and Minerva, disputed which of them was the 
m >st skilful artificer ; whereupon Neptune made a bull, Minerva a 
house, and Vulcan a man; and they chose Momus judge. But Mo- 
mus chid them all three. Re accused Neptune of imprudence, he- 
cause he had not placed the bull's bonis in his forehead between his 
eyes; for then the bull might have a stronger and surer blow. He 
accused Minerva of folly, because her house was immoveable, and 
could not be carried away if it happened to be placed among ill 
neighbours. But he said Vulcan was the most imprudent of them 
all, because he had not made a window in the man's breast, that he 
might see what his thoughts were. 

Merchants are of great benefit to the public. They knit mankind 
together in a mutual intercourse of good oinees ; they distribute the 
gifts of nature, find work to the poor, add wealth to the rich, and 
magnificence to the great. Our fleets of British merchantmen are so 
many squadrons of floating shops, that vend our wares and manu- 
factures in all the markets of the world ; and with dangerous in- 
dustry, find out chapmen under both tropics. Our British merchant 
converts the tin of his own country into gold, and exchanges his 
wool for rubies. The Mahometans are clothed in our British man - 
ufacturesj and the inhabitants of the frozen zone arc warmed with 
the tleeces of our sheep. 

Robert Bruce, the son of that Robert Bruce, who, in the year 
1265, had contended with Baliol about the succession, was crowned 
king of the Scots at Scoon in the year 1306. He was a man of 
great bravery in war, and of great moderation in peace. The 
strength of his mind in adversity was wonderful. Though his wife 
was taken prisoner, though his four brothers., all brave me?), were 
cruelly butchered ; and though he himself was stripped not only of 
his paternal estate, but of hi* kingdom, by Edward king of England : 

S 2 



£M AN INTRODUCTION 

yet his mind was so far from sinking under the load of affliction 
that he never lost hopes of recovering his kingdom. Few of the 
ancients may be compared to Robert Bruce. Cato and Brutus laid 
violent hands on themselves ; Marius, thirsting after revenge, enter- 
ed into wicked and cruel measures against his country. Robert af- 
ter recovering his kingdom, forgot the ill usage of his enemies, 



3. Of iNTERJECTrOXS. J. InTERJECTIONUM. 

,^mHE interjec- , ~WKTERJEC- 

/J# i tions, O, km, *' JL T/OJVES, O, 

and proh, govern the no- lieu, & proh, regunt 

minative or vocative, and nominativum aut vo- 

sometimes the accusa- cativum, internum $r 

tive. accusativum. 

Jsom. O what a face ! O qualis fades / 

Ah ignorant souls, Heu ignaroe menies ! 

Oh the pain ! Proh dolor ! 

Vat. O my father ! O mi pater I 

Ah wretched*boy ! Heu miserande puer? 

Oh awful Jove ! Proh sancte Jupiter/ 

Ace. O distressed old age ! O calamitosam senectit- 

Ah unhappy creature that tern/ 

I am ! Heu me infelicem ! 

O the faith of gods and Proh denim hominumque 
men ! M em •' 

JYbte \. before the vocative is often suppressed ; as, Virg. Musa 

mitt causas memora ; and indeed, strictly speaking, the vocative is 
always absolute, being governed bv no word whatever. 

Note 2. These, or the like constructions, may be thus supplied j 
O qualis fades huic ! lieu mentes ignore* sunt I Proh quantus est do- 
lor! quam calamitosam senectulem cxperior ! Heu a nam me vi fill- 
rtm'jentio ! Proh deum at que hominum fidem imploro vel obteslor ! lne 
"vord^/u/ewi is sometimes suppressed. 

74. Hei and vas govern 2 Hei & vx regufit 
the dative. dativmn. 



Ah me ! 
Wq unto you 



TO LATIN' 



SYNTAX. 



'211 



Hei mihi / 
Vie tibi / 



Note 1. flcHjawd o/ie'take the vocative only; as, Ter. Thus Syrz i 
Mart O/ie libelle ! 

Kate 2. .4/?. and Vah take the accusative or vocative ; as, Ter. Ah 
me miser urn ! Virg. Ah virgo infelix ! LuCret. VaJi inconsianiiamt 
Plaut. Vah solus mea ! 

Note 3. Hem takes the <^*tive, accusative, or vocative ; as, Ter. 
Hem tibi ! Id, Hem ast alias ! Id. Hem Davum tibi! Cic. Hem mea 
lux ! 

Note 4. Most of the other interjections, and frequently also these 
mentioned, are thrown into discourse without any case subjoined to 
them . 

Note 5. The dative is fitly joined to the interjections, as well as 
toother parts of speech; the vocative is absolute ; and the accusa- 
tive may be thus supplied ; Ah me miseram senlio ! Vah qaam incon- 
stantiam narras ! Hem aelutias vidcie ! Hem Davum obviam tibi vide ! 



73. O man valiant and friend- 
ly ! O joyful day ! 

Ah the piety ! Ah the faith 
of ancient times! Ah the va- 
nity of men ! 

Oh the pain ! Oh the wick- 
edness ! Oh the manners ! We 
degenerate from our parents. 

O Davus ! am I thus despised 
by you ? Ah wretched boy ! 

Ah fortune ! what god is 
more cruel than you ? you al- 
ways take pleasure to sport 
with the designs of men. 

O awful Jove ! what greater 
thing has been done on earth ? 

O the times ! O the fashions ! 
O the wretched minds of men ! 
O blind souls ! 

Ah wretch that I am ! why 
-am 1 forced to this ? 

By the faith of gods and 



1 vir fords atque a- 
miciis ! Ofeslus 1 dies ! 

Heu 1 pietas ! Heu 1 
fides prisms / Heu 1 vani- 
tas hnmanus ! 

Proh 1 dolor ! Proh I 
scehts ! Proh 1 ?nos ! De- 
genero a parens noster. 

O Davus/ itane con* 
temnor abs tu ? Heu mi- 
ser andus puer ! 

Heu foriuna ! quis deus 
sum cru delis tu? semper 
gaudeo illudo res hnma- 
nus. 

Proh sanctum Jupiter I 
qui res magnus gero in 
terra ? 

O 4 tempns / 4 mos ! 
miser homo 4 mens ! O 
4 pectus ccecus ! 

Heu 4 ego miser/ cut 
cogo hicfacio ? 

Proh deus atque hojne 



212 



AN INTRODUCTION 



men, the victory is in our 
hands. 

71. Ah me ! woes me ! love 
is curable by no herbs. 

U" When Titus one day re- 
collected, at supper, that he had 
done nothing for any one that 
day, he said, O friends ! to-day 
I have lost a day. He was a 
prince of so much easiness and 
generosity, that he denied no 
man any thing, and when he 
was blamed for it by his friends, 
he replied, that no man ought 
to go away sorrowful from any 
emperor. 

To you, says Alexander, O 
most faithful and mo*t affec- 
tionate of countrymen and 
friends ! I do give thanks, not 
only because to-day you have 
preferred my life to your own, 
but because, since the begin- 
ning uf the war, you have omit- 
ted no token or expression of 
kindness towards me. 

This was another occasion of 
making war against Jugurtha ; 
wherefore the following re- 
venge is committed to Albinus : 
but O shameful ! the Namidian 
so corrupted his army, that he 
p r c: i a i ; e < 1 by t h e vol un t a ry fi i g h t 
of our men, and took our camp ; 
and a scandalous treaty being 
added for the purchase of their 
security, he dismissed the army 
which lie had before bought. 

O dreadful assurance in the 
midst of so much adversity ! O 



4 fides, victoria ego in ma- 
ims sum. 

Ilei ego ! voz ego ! nul- 
lus amor sum medicabilis- 
herb a. 

Cum Titus quidam dies, 
recordor, in caena, sui ni- 
hil, quisquam pnzsto UU 
dies, dico, amicus ! ho- 
die dies per do. Sum prin- 
ce ps tantus facilitas et li- 
beralitas, ut nullus quis- 
quani ncgo ; et cum ab 
amicus reprehcndo, res- 
pondeo nullus tristis debeo 
ab imperator discedo. 

Tu. inquam Alexander 
Ofidus pi usque civ is at que 
amicus ! grates ago, nan 
solum quod hodie salus 
m us vester nrvpnno, sed, 
quod, a primordium hel- 
ium, nullus erga ego be- 
nevolentia pig/ius ant in- 
dicium omitto. 

Hie sum alter causa bcl- 
landain contra Jugurtha ; 
igitur sequens ultio mando 
Albinus : sedvro dedecusf 
Numidia iia corrumpo hie 
exercicus, ut vinco volun- 
tarius fag® nosier, cas- 
iraque potior; et turpis 
fadus, additus in pi etium 
salus, dimitto exercitus 
qui prius emo. 

horribilis in tot ad- 
versus 4Jiducia ! sin- 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



1 i 



the singular courage and spirit 
of the Roman people ! Whilst 
Jknnibal was flying over their 
throat through Campania and 
Apulia, at the same time they 
both withstood him, and sent 
their arms. into Sicily, Sardinia, 
and Spain, O people worthy of 
flie empire of the world ! 
worthy of the favour and admi- 
ration of gods and men ! 




gulares 4 ani&us ae 4 spt- 
ritus populur Romanus f 
Cum Annibal i7iju±, 
per Campania Am 
volitoj idem tempns*BUHG 
sustineo, ei in Sicilia, Sar- 
diyiia, Hispaniaque anna 
mitto. 04poffiilusdignu& 
orbis imperium ! dignus 
favor et admiratio Mus 
ac homo ! 



The Lord is just and righteous, and will judge the earth with 
equity and truth. Think not, O bold man! because thy punishment 
is delayed/ that the arm of the Lord is weakened; neither flattep 
thyself with the hopes that he winketh at thy doings. The high 
and the low, the rich and the poor, the wise and the ignorant, when 
the soul hath shaken off the cumbrous shackles of this mortal life, 
shall equally receive from the sentence of God a just and everlast- 
ing retribution, according to their works. Then shall the wicked 
tremble and be afraid, but the heart of the righteous shall rejoice in. 
his judgments. 

The thoughtless man bridleth not his tongue ; woe be to him, he 
speaketh at random, and is entangled in the foolishness of his own 
words. Hearken therefore, O young man, unto the voice of consi- 
deration ; her words are the words of wisdom, and her paths shall 
lead thee to safety and truth. 



4. Of Conjunctions. 



4. Conjunction™. 



'75. 



T 



[HE conjunc- ... ^1 OJYJUJVC- 
tions, et, ac, at- ' %^ TIOJYES, et 
que, nec,neque, aut,vel, and ac,atque,nec,neque, 
some others, couple like aut, vel, et qucedam 
cases and moods. alice,connectunt similes 

casus et modus. 



Honour your father and mother. 
He neither writes nor reads, 



Honor a pair em etmatrem-. 
JYec s crib it nee legit. 



m 

214 AN INTRODUCTION 

Note I. To these add, quam, nisi, prater quam, an; also m 
Ucet,q:iamcis.^iit!iLU)7icis,:udum : sed, verum, "• And adverbs of 
likeness ; as, ceu, lanquam, quasi, id, vein!, &,c. 

i 2. It the words or clauses in a sentence require or admit of 
a diffefRit construction. this rule does not take place ; as, Cic. Mea 
et reifSSotica interest. Juv. Sexcentis etpluris tmpta. Boot. MuUxr 
colore virilo atqne inexhausti vi^oris. Sail* Vbi vide: aequo per vim, 
neque insidiis, opprimi posse komintm. Pers. Tecum habit o, el noris. 
quam sit tibi curia tup pell ex. 

76. L 7 ?, quo, licet, ne, 2. Ut, quo, licet* 

uiinam, and aummodo, arc ne, utinam, ct duni- 

for the most part joined modo, subjunctive 

with the subjunctive modo fere semper ad- 

mood, hcerunt* 

I read that I may learn. JLzgo ut discern. 

I wish that you were wise. Utinam sapercs* 

Note 1. To these a<kl all interrogatives, when taken indefinitely, 
whether they be nouns; as, quantus, quaiis, quoins, quotuplex, liter: 
or pronouns; as, qnis.cujns : or adverbs; as, ubi, quo, unde, qua, 
quorsum. quando, quenndiu, quoties, cur, quare, quamobrem, quomodo, 
qui. 6cc. or conjunctions ; as,?ie. an, anne, annon. These when used 
interrogatively, stand first in a sentence, and take the indicative ; 
bat when a word goes before them in a sentence, such as, scio, nescio, 
video, intelligo, rogo,peto, cedo,dico,dublto, or, incertus, dubius,ig~ 
narus, and the like, they generally become indefinite, and take the 
subjunctive; as, Hor. Qua virtus, et quanta, boni, sit vivere parvo, 
discite. Cic. U sciam quid agas, ubi quoque, et maxbne quando Romce 
fat ur us sis. Ovid. NescU vitane fruatur, an sit apud manes. 

Note 2. Ne takes ihe imperative or subjunctive ; as, ne time or ne 
timeus. After the verb cave it is often suppressed ; as, care facias. 

3. Ut, after these verbs, volo nolo, medo, rogo, precor, censeo, 
suadeo, lire:, oporlct, necesst est, and the like ; also after these impera- 
tive?, sine, fac. or facito, is elegantly suppressed ; as, Ter. Ducas, 
rolohodie uxorem. Id. i em esse senlial. 

Note 4, Ulinam is the same as. ut or uti, and has opto understood ; 
as, Ulinam saperes, i. e. opto ut saperes. 

Note 5. Vt and quod are thus distinguished ; ut denotes the final 
Gause, and gen eraliy respects what is future; or, after ad to, it a, sic, 
tarn, talis, tardus, to', and the like, it signifies the manner ; but quod 
denotes the motive or efficient cause, and commonly relates to what 
is past. 

Note 6. Ne after timeo, metuo, rtreor, puree, is used affirmatively ; 
as, Ter. Timet n: se dsseras. But, v.i after these verbs is put for he, row,. 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



215 



w used negatively ; as, Cic. Vidtris vereri ut epistolas Mas accept', 
■ryn, i. e. ne non acceperim* 



75. Riches breed pride and 
insolence. 

Scipio took and destroyed 
Carthage. 

Drunkenness impairs wealth 
and reputation. 

Time consumes iron and 
stones. 

The man does wickedly : he 
neither fears God nor honours 
ihe king. 

Covetousness is never satis- 
fied nor satiated. 

A soldier, according to his 
bravery, is praised or dispraised. 

The p e's design either to. 
profit or to please. 

Whether 1 be silent or speak, 
he goes on to provoke. 

1 would more willingly re- 
ceive than do an injury. 

When a man fears nothing 
but a witness and a judge, what 
wiJi be not do in the cfark ? 

Nothing can be taken from 
us except liberty or life. 

Avoid idleness as a plague ; 
glory attends virtue as a Sha- 
dow. 

Honour, like the rainiow, 
flies the pursuer, and pursues 
the flier. 

7 6. God did not send his Son 
into the world, that he might 
condemn the world, but that 
the world might be saved 
through him. 

I did this that I might escape 
(he more quickly • but do you 



Divitice pario supcrhia 
et arrogantia. 

Scipio capio ac diruo 
Carthago. 

Ebrietas minuo opes al- 
que honor. 

Vetasias consvmo fer- 
ritin la pis que. 

Homo ago improbe ; ne£ 
timeo Deus nee honor o rex* 

Cvpiditas nunquam ez- 
plco neqne saiio. 

Miles .pro virtus, laudo 
aid vitii pero. 

Fueta volo vel prosum 
vel dclecto. 

Stve ego iaceo sive lo» 
quor, ille pergo lacesso. 

Libenter accipio quam 
facio injuria, 

Cum homo timeo nihil 
nisi testis ac judex, qwh 
non facio in leneirct ? 

Nihil possum erifrio a 
ego prceterquam liber las 
aut vita. 

Fugio desidia ceupestisj 
gloria sequur virtus tan* 
quam umbra. 

Honos, ut iris .fugio se- 
quens, et sequorfugiens. 

Deus non mitto Filius 
in mundus, ut condemno 
mvndus, sed ut ??iund<u$ 
servo per is. 

Facto kic quo erecdo t$k 



&1V 



AN INTRODUCTION 



assist me, thai it amy be done 
ihe more easily. 

I will discover the theft, 
though he threaten arms and 
death. 

Be not hasty to speak, take care 
you do not stammer, take care 
you do not lose your courage. 
Virtue procures and pre- 
serves friendship. I wish you 
jBiay do your duty carefully. 

I will come to a conference, 
^provided there be a wall be- 
iwixt you and me. 

^ In the five hundred and fif- 
-ty -first year from the building of 
the city, T Quintius Flaminius 
-is sent against Philip king of 
_Macedon ; he managed his af- 
fairs successfully ; a peace was 
granted to the king upon these 
terms, that he should not make 
>war upon the cities of Greece 
•which the Romans had defended 
.against him ; that he shouid re- 
store the prisoners and deserters. 
Pompey restored the hos- 
tages to the Antiochians, gave 
,some land to the Daphnensians, 
that the grove there might be 
made more spacious, being 
mightily taken with the plea- 
santness of the place, and the 
plenty of water. Going from 
thence to Judea, he took Jerusa- 
lem, the metropolis of the na- 
tion, in three months, killing 
twelve thousand of the Jews, the 
Test being admitted to quarter. 

Titus succeeded Vespasian, a 
jnan admirable for all sorts o( 
Tirtues, so that he was called the 
darling and delight of mankind. 



leriter ; sed Hi adjuto ego 
quo is jio facile. 

Detegofurtum,licet Of* 
ma morsque minor. 

Kefestino loquor 9 edve0 
ne titubo, caveo ne perd* 
animus. 

Virtus concilio et causer* 
vo amicitia. Utinamfa- 
cio ojjiciitm diligenter. 

Venio ad colloquium, 
dummodo murus sum inter 
tuet ego. 

Quingentesimus et quin- 
quagesimiis primus annus 
ab urbs cvnditus, T. Quin- 
tals Flaminius adversus 
Philippus rex Macedonia 
mitto ; res prosper e gero; . 
pax rex do hie lex, ne 
Groecia civitas qui Roma- 
nus contra is defendo bel- 
lum infer o ; utcaptivus et 
transfuga reddo. 

Pompeius Antiochense* 
obses reddo, aliquantum 
ager Daphnenses do, quo 
lucus ibi spatiosusjio, de+ 
lectatus amamitas locus , et 
aqua abundantia. Inde 
ad Judcea transgressus, 
Hierosolyma 7 caput gens t 
tertius mensis, capio ? duo- 
decim mille Judazi occisus c 
carter injides acceptus. 



Vespasianus Titus suc- 
cedo, vir omnis virtus 
genus mirabiliSy adeo ut 
amor et ddiciaz hxxmamts 



TO LATIN SYNTAX. 



217 



He was a man of so much mo- 
deration in his government at 
Rome, that be punished no- 
body at all, and so dismissed 
those convicted of conspiring 
against him, that he kept them 
in the same familiarity as be- 
fore. He was very eloquent 
too ; he pleaded causes in Lat- 
in ; he composed poems and 
tragedies in Greek. 

Germanicus, when his end 
approached, turning to his wife, 
besought her, by the memory 
-of himself, by their common 
children, that she would lay a- 
side her haughty spirit, that she 
would submit her mind to for- 
tune ; and not long after he ex- 
pires. Foreign nations and 
kings lamented him, strangers 
bewailed Germanicus ; his fu- 
neral without images was grand 
by the praises and memory of 
his virtues. 

One of the Magi warned A- 
lexander, as he was hastening 
to Babylon, not to enter the city, 
declaring that this place would 
be fatal to him ; for this reason, 
waving Babylon, he went to 
Borsippa, a city beyond the 
Euphrates : there he was en- 
gaged again by Anaxarchus the 
philosopher to slight the predic- 
tions of the Magi as false and 
uncertain ; wherefore he return- 
ed to Babylon. 

All nations in the west and 
the south being conquered, the 
Scythians and Samaritans sent 
ambassadors to Rome, begging 

T 



genus dico. Sum vir tan- 
tus civilitas in imperium 
Roma, ut melius omnino 
punio, atque convictus ad- 
versum sui conjuratio 
it a dimitto, ut in idem 
familiaritas qui antea ha- 
beo. Sum etiam facun- 
dus ; causa Latine ago > 
poema et tragcedia Greece 
compono. 

Germanicus, ubi fans 
adsum, ad uxor versus, 
per niemoria sui, per com- 
munis liberi oro, ut exuo 
ferocia, ut for tuna sub- 
mitto animus ; neque mul- 
to post extinguo. Indoleo 
exterus natio rexque, Ger- 
manicus ignotusjieo ; fu- 
nus sine imago per lous 
et memoria virtus celebri$ 
sum. 



Alexander Babylon fe^ 
stinans,quidam ex Magus 
pwzdico, ne urbs intra eo, 
testatus hie locus is fa ta- 
lis for em ; ob hie causa 
omissus Babylon, in Bor- 
sippa, urbs trans Euphra- 
tes, concede) : ibi ub Anax<* 
archus philosophus cam- 
pell or rursum Magus p; m- 
dictum contemno, utjal- 
sus et incertus ; rev er lor 
igitur Babylon. 

Ornnis ad ifccasnis et 
meredles pa c a tus gen s «.' cy- 
ilue et Sumar itoe h • aio 
Roma le gains , am'tatter 



218 AN INTRODUCTION, * c . 

an alliance; the Seres, and the petens; Seres, habitansque 
Indians, that live under the sun, sub ipse sol Indi,cum gem- 
with jewels and pearls, brought ma et?nargarita< elephas 
elephants too amongst their quoque inter munustraho: 
presents, the length of their longinquitas via tantus 
journey was so great, that they summit vix 6 quadrienni- 
scarce finished it in four years, um impleo. Sic ubique 
Thus every where there was pax sum, adeo at Ccesar 
peace, insomuch that Caesar Au- Augustus audeo tandem^ 
gustus at last ventured, in the septingentesimus ab urbs 
•seven hundredth year from the conditus annus, Janus Re- 
building of the city, to shut the minus claudo. Augustus, 
double-faced Janus. Augustus, ab fac um ingens, 1'ater 
for his great actions, was called patria dico. 
*he Father of his Country. 

By a virtuous emulation, the spirit of a man is exalted within him ; 
l he panteth after fame, and rejoiceth as a racer to run bis course. 
He riseth like the palm-tree, in spite of oppression ; and as an eagle 
in the firmament of heaven, lie soareth aloft, and fixeth his eye upon 
the glories of the sun. The example of eminent men are in his vi- 
rions by night ; and his delight is to follow them all the day long. 

A famous critic, having gathered all the faults of an eminent poet,, 
made a present of them to Apollo ; who received them very gra- 
ciously, and resolved to make the author a suitable return for (he 
trouble he had been at in collecting them. In order to this, he set 
before him a sack of wheat as it had been threshed out of the sheaf. 
He then bid him pick out the chaff from among the corn, and lay it 
a side by itself. The critic applied himself to the task with great in- 
dustry and pleasure ; and after having made the due separation, was 
presented by Apollo with the chaff for his pains. 

Mankind seems to be no less accountable for the ill usage of their 
-dominion over creatures of the lower rank, than for the exercise of 
tyranny over their own species. The more entirely the inferior crea^ 
lion is submitted to our power, the more tenderly we ought to use it. 
It is certainly the part of a good man. to take c-are of his horses and 
dogs, not only in expectation of their labour, vvliHe they are foals and 
whelps, but even when their old age has made them incapable of 
service. There is a passage in the book of Jonas, where God declares 
•his aversion to destroy Nineveh, where that compassion of the Crea- 
tor, which extends to the meanest rank of his creatures, is express- 
ed wiih wonderful tenderness: — Should I not spare Nineveh, that 
^reat city, wherein are more than six score thousand persons, and also 
much cattle ? And in the book of Deuteronomy, we have a precept 
to this purpose, with a blessing annexed to it, in these words : — If 
thou shall find a bird's nest in the way, thou shalt not take the dam 
with the young. But thou shalt in any wise let the dam go ; that 
H may be well With thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy daye. 
The end of the Introduction. 



ANCIENT HISTORY 

EPITOMIZED ; 
OR, 

A short View of the principal transactions 
and events that occur in History, from the 
Creation of the World to the birth of Christ. 

Digested Chronologically, and adapted to the method of 
the Introduction to Latin Syntax, the English being in 
one column, and the Latin words in another. 

Intended as a proper mean to initiate boys in the useful 
study of History, at the same time that it serves to im- 
prove them in the knowledge of the Latin Tongue. 

TO WHICH IS ADDED, 

A proper Collection of Historical and Chronologic a r 
Questions, with a copious Index-. 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



EPITOMIZED. 



CHAP. I. 



From the creation to the Deluge, which includes 1556 
years. 



IN the beginning God created 
the heaven and the earth, 
and curiously finished them in 
the space of six days. To Adam, 
the first of the human race, he 
gave command over all the 
other creatures. Adam, by his 
wife Eve, begat Cain and Abel ; 
the former of whom was a tiller 
of the ground, and the latter a 
shepherd. But wickedness soon 
breaking out in his family, Cain 
slew Abel- Cain's posterity 
invented music, the working of 
iron, and other arts. The de- 
scendants of Seth, who was 
born to Adam after the murder 
of Abel, proved virtuous; those 
of Cain vicious. The world 
was created 4004 years before 
the Christian aera, 

2 Enoch, the fifth in descent 
from Seth, about a thousand 
years after the creation of the 
world, was taken up from the 
society and converse of men, 

T 2 



RIjYCIPIUM creo 
Dens ccehtm et terra, 
idemqne sex dies exornp 
spatium. Adamus, huma- 
nus genus princeps, crea- 
tura c&teriprcepono. Ad- 
amus, ex uxor Eva , Cain- 
us et Abel gigno : qui ille 
agricola, hie pastor sum, 
Sed cito domesticus malum 
subortus, Abel Cainus in- 
terfieio. Cainus posteri, 
m us ica, fe rraria , a liusque 
ars invenio. Impius Cain- 
us ; plus Sethus, qui post 
inter emptus Abel Adamus 
?iascor, progenies existo. 
Creo mundus annus ante 
(Bra Christianus 4004. 



Enochus, Sethis trine- 
pos, annus post mundus 
conditus propemillesimnS) 
ob summus Deus familia- 
ritas divinitus sum ex ho* 



222 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. J. 



into heaven, on account of his 
intimate familiarity with God. 
His son Methuselah died a na- 
tural death, after he had lived 
near a thousand years. But 
men, generally unmindful of 
death, began to abuse longevi- 
ty ; for most of them lived full 
900 years. Moreover the fa- 
mily of Seth intermarrying 
with thai of Cain, gave birth 
to a gigantic race of men, and 
degenerating into heathenish 
practices, broke through all 
the restraints of modesty and 
duty. 

3. Wherefore, 1656 years 
after the world was created, 
and 2343 before the birth of 
Christ, God, provoked with the 
wickedness of men, determines 
to drown the whole world by a 
deluge. Forty days the waters 
increased exceedingly, and rose 
fifteen cubits above the highest 
mountains ; no living creature 
any where remained, except 
those which Noah, a good man, 
saved by the direction of God 
in a certain large vessel or ark. 
After the flood, the measure of 
man's strength and life was 
lessened. From the three sons 
of Noah, Shem, Ham, and 
Japheth, all the families of the 
earth have gradually been pro- 
pagated. 



mo ccetus at que oculus rap- 
tus. Hicfilius Methusales } 
cum annus fer entitle vivo, 
fatum f ungo r. Fid go mt- 
tem mortalisjnors oblitus, 
vita longitudo (pleriqite 
enim annus expleo nona- 
gesimus) abutor caipi. 
Sethus porro gens connu- 
Mum cum Cainus gens 
junctusygigas progigno ; 
it in externus lapsus mo$ 9 
omnis pudor atque qffici- 
um repagulum perfringo. 

ltaque annus postmun~ 
dus conditus 1 65.6, et ante 
natus Christus2348,Deus, 
homo nequitia iratus, te- 
tus terra orbis diluvium 
submergostatuo. JquaAO 
dies vehementer inunda 9 
et mons altus 1 5 cubitus 
transcendo : animans ni- 
hil uspiam reliquus Jio, 
propter is qui J\oes, vir 
bonus, Dens monitus, in 
area, seu navis quidam 
ingens, asservo. Sub elu- 
m#, vis et vita homo im- 
minuo. A trtsNoesfili- 
us, Semus, Chamus, et 
Japhetus^gens omnis to- 
tus terra orbis p aula Urn 
sum propagatus. 



Chap. IL 



EPITOMIZED. 
CHAP. II. 



223 



From the Deluge to the vocation of Abraham, containing 
427 years. 



"|VrO£?S posteri, annus 



THE posterity of Noah, a- 
bout 101 years after the JL^I post diluvium circi- 
flood, before their dispersion, tercentesimus primus, ante 
entered upon a project of build- digressus, into consilium 
ing a city and a tower, whose extruo urbs et turris, qui 
top might reach to heaven, fastigium ad caelum ptr- 
But the divine power checked tingo. Cceterum superbus 
the insolent attempts of mortals, mortalis conatus divinug 
They all then used the same obsto numen. Repente 
language which on a sudden unus, qui turn utor omnis^ 
was miraculously divided into lingua in multifarius divi- 
a multiplicity of tongues Ac- nitus dispersio. Sublatus 
cordingly the intercourse of igitur sermo commercium- 9 
speech beinaj cut off, the build- cedijicatio abjicio. Ex is 
ing was laid aside. After this terra orbis frequento caepL 
the earth began to be peopled. Urbs sic inchoatus, ex lin- 
The city thus began, from the gua con f us io, Bab el prim- 
confusion of languages, was um,deinde Babylon appel- 
first called Babel, and after- lo. In is primus post di- 
wards Babylon. Nimrod hav- luvium imperito Nimbro* 
ing subdued some neighbour- thus, vicinus qui dam gen$ 
ing people by force of arms, vis et anna subactus. 
reigned in it the first after the 
flood. 

2. About the time of Nim- 
rod, Egypt seems to have been 

divided inio four dynasties, or principatus, JEgyptus di- 
principalities ; Thebes, Thin, vido videor; Thebce, Thi- 
Memphis, and Tanis. From tms, Memphis, Tanisque. 
this period, also, the Egyptian Ex is quoque tempus,JE- 
* law r 3 and policy take their rise, gyptius lex politiaque or- 
Already they began to make a tussuusduco. Asironomia 
figure in the knowledge of as- scieniia jam ceepi eniieo / 
tronomy, they first adjusted the ad cursus sol hie primus 
year to the annual revolution of annus describo. Hiccereg~ 



Sub tempus Nimbrothm, 
quatuor in dynastia, sen 



224 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. II. 



the sun. The inhabitants of 
this country were renowned for 
their wisdom and learning, even 
in the earliest times. Their 
Hermis or Mercury Trismegis- 
tus, tilled all Egypt with use- 
ful inventions. He, according to 
them, first taught men music, 
letters, religion, eloquence, sta- 
tuary, and other arts besides. 
Most historians say, that iEscu- 
lapius, or Tosorthus, king of 
Memphis, first di-eovered phy- 
sic and anatomy. In fine, the 
ancient Egyptians, as to arts 
and sciences, and the illustrious 
monument 01 wealth and gran- 
deur, have deservedly obtained 
the preference among all na- 
tions of the world. Every body 
owns, that Mcnes was the first 
mortal who reigned over E- 
gypt. But th^ most famous 
amongst their princes was Se- 
sostris ; who with amazing ra- 
pidity over- ran and conquered 
Asia, and, subduing the coun- 
tries beyond the Ganges, ad- 
vanced eastward as far as the 
ocean. At last losing his sight, 
he laid violent hands on him- 
self. The kings of that part 
of Egypt, whereof Tapis was 
the capital, took all the name 
of Pharaoh. 

3 Bel us is said to have reign- 
ed at Babylon ; whose son Ni- 
nus caused his father's image 
to be worshipped as a god. 
This is remarked to have been 
the origin of idols. Ninus, fired 
with the lust of sovereignty, be- 



io incola, sapientia liter ot- 
que, primus etiam tempus 
sumceleber. Hermes ipse, 

vel Mzrcurius Trismegis- 
tus /bonus arsJEgyptus to- 
tus compleo- Hie seam duni 
Me, literal musica, rheto- 
rica, statuaria, atiusqtu 
prater ea ars, mortal is pri- 
mus instituo Physicaaca- 
natomiceauctor 9 iEsculap- 
ius, vel Tosortkus, Memp- 
his rex plerique sum volo. 
Fetus denique JEgyptius, 
quo ad scientiaque, ac 
piceclarus opes magnific- 
entiaque munumentum, a- 
i cunctus terra or bis 
gens, pal ma merito sum 
potitus. Alenes, mortalis 
primus , JEgyptus unpero y 
nemo sum qui nego. I ti- 
dy tus vero inter Me rex 
sum Sesostris, qui minis 
cekriias Asia victor pera- 
gro, populusque extra 
Ganges perdomitus, oriens 
versus ad oceanus usque 
progredior. Tandem cat- 
enas laborans, mors sui 
cons cisco. Rex iste JE- 
gyptus pars, qui caput 
sum TaniSyPJcurao cogno- 
men cunctus usurpo. 

Edits Babylon regno di- 
co ; qiiifilius Ninus pa- 
rens suus simulacrum colo 
jubeo pro deus. Is ido- 
lum origo noto. Ninus, 
\ro szudium flagrans, 
imperium arma propago 



Shap. rr. 



EPITOMIZED. 



22^ 



gan to extend his empire by 
arms. He reduced Asia under 
his dominion ; made himself 
master of Bactria, by vanquish- 
ing Oxyartes king of the Bac- 
trians, and the inventor of ma- 
gic. He enlarged the city Ni- 
neveh that had been built by 
Ashur; and founded the em- 
pire of the Assyrians. He him- 
self reigned M years. 

4. Semiramis, the wife of 
Ninus, a woman of a masculine 
spirit, transferred the crown to 
herself in prejudice of her sen, 
who was yet a minor. By her 
was Babylon adorned in a most 
magnificent manner ; Asia, 
Media, Persia, Egypt, overrun 
with mighty armies ; a great 
part of Libya and Ethiopia con- 
quered. At last she voluntari- 
ly resigned the sceptre, after 
she had swayed it 42 years. 
But Justin says she was mur- 
dered by her son Ninyas. 

5. Ninyas degenerated quite 
from both his parents, and giv- 
ing up the management of his 
kingdom to lieutenants, he shut 
himself up in his palace, entire- 
ly abandoned to his pleasures. 
He had thirty or more of the 
Assyrian monarchs that success- 
ively followed his worthless 
example, the following ones be- 
ing always worse than the for- 
mer, the last r f whom was Sar- 
danapalus, a man more effemi- 
nate than a woman. He being 
defeated by Arbaces, governor 
of the Medes, betook himself 



instituo. Asia in situs redi* 
go dilio ; Oxyartes Bac~ 
trianus rex, idemque ma- 
gica inventor, debellatus, 
Bactria potior. Idem Ni- 
neve urbs ab Ashur condi- 
tio amplio ; Assyrius im- 
perium constituo. Ipse 
regno 54 annus. 



Semiramis virago, Ni- 
nus conjux, elusus fillus, 
cetas minor, regnum ad sui 
transfero. Ab is Babylon 
magnificent er sum extruo 
tus; Asia, Media, Persia^ 
JEgyptus, in gens cum ex- 
ercitus peragratus ; mag' 
nus Libya jEthiopiaque 
pars subactus. Tandem 
imperium sponte suns de- 
pono,postquam annus 42 
teneo, At Justinus scribe 
is ajilius Niiiyas trucido* 

Ninyas ab vterque pa- 
rens penitus degenero,reg~ 
numque administratiQ 
prcefectus commissus,totus 
voluptas suus deditus reg- 
ia sui co n tin e o . Nequitia 
suus imitator trigintaaut 
plus,deinceps Assyrius rex 
habeo, alius alius nequam; 
qui ultimus Sardanapalus 
sum vir mulier corruptus. 
Is ab Arbactus, Medus 
prcefectus pradium rictus, 
in regia sui rescivio. ubi, 
rogus exlr^ctus, sui cum 
conjux, diviti&que suits 



226 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. H. 



into his palace, where, erecting 
a funeral pile, he burnt himself, 
his wives, and all his wealth. 
Thus Arbaces transferred the 
empire from the Assyrians to 
the Medes, after it had lasted, 
as some say, 1300 years. But 
this whole account of the Assy- 
rian empire is rejected by very 
good authors, as false and ficti- 
tious. The history of this mo- 
narchy that appears rational, 
and agreeable to scripture, is 
related chap. vii. 2. 

6. Abraham, the father of the 
Hebrews, by nation a Chal- 
dean, descended from Heber, 
is called by God, in the year of 
the flood 428 and before Christ 
1920. Whilst he sojourned in 
Palestine, the seat promised to 
his posterity, being pinched by 
a famine, he went down into 
Egypt. Returning from theace 
he delivered Lot, his brother's 
son, who had been carried off 
prisoner from Sodom. After 
this he paid tithes to the priest 
Melchisedeck. Moreover, be- 
ing now 100 years old, having 
at the divine command, circum- 
cised himself and his family, he 
had, by his wife Sarah, Isaac, 
the son promised him by God. 
Isaac was not yet born, when A- 
braham, by his prevailing inter- 
cession with God, rescued Lot, 
together with his wife and chil- 
dren, from the burning of So- 
dom. But Lot's wife for look- 
ing back, was turned into a pil- 
lar of salt- Furthur, Abraham's 



concremo . It a impe rium, 
ab Assyrius ad Medes, Ar- 
bactus transferor post- 
quam, ut nonnullus volo, 
annus 1300 duro. Sed to- 
tus hie Assyrius imperium 
descriptio ab optimns 
scriptor utfalsus et fetus 
rejicio. Historia hie im- 
perium, qui vcrisimilis, et 
sacer literce consentaneus 
video, caput vii. 2 enarro. 



Abrahamus, Hebrceus 
parens, genus Chaldceus, 
ab Heberus origo traho,a 
Deus evoco, annus a di- 
luvium 428, et ante Chris- 
tus natus 1920. Pale- 
stina, sedes posteri suits 
promissus, cum peragro 9 
annona inopia coactus,de- 
scendo in JSgyptus. Ind& 
reversus, Lotus , /rater f- 
lius, Sodoma abductus, li- 
ber o. Deinde Melchize- 
decus sacer do s decumce 
persolvo. Porro,jam cen- 
Unarms, cum sui ac suns, 
Deus jussu, prozputium 
cirrAimcido, e Saraconjux, 
divinitus pro missus Isaac- 
us , filius g igno . Nondum 
nascor lsaacus ,cum Ara~ 
hamus Lotus, una cum is 
uxor ac liber i, (Deus ex- 
oratus,) Sodomu incendi- 
um eximo. Sed Lotus ux- 
or, quod respicio,insal sum 
versus. Abrahamus, por- 
ro fides divinitus tentatus, 



Ohap. III. EPITOMIZEH. 22? 

faith being tried by God. be- mire eniteo ; nam impera* 

came eminently illustrious; tor ns Deits,ut Isaacus, uni- 

God commanding bim to sacri- cusfJius.spesstirps.suus 

fice with his own hand, his only manus iramoloypareo non 

son Isaac, the sole hope of any dubito. Conatus profac-T 

progeny, he scrupled not to o- turn sum. 
bey. His readiness to comply 
was accepted instead of actual 
performance. 

7. About the same time, as Idem fere tempus, ut 

Eusebius supposes, lived the Eusebins videor, Titan ex- 

Thans in Crete, the eldest of isto in Creta ; qui natu 

whom was Saturn, who is said maximiis Saturnus su?n ? 

to be the father of Jupiter. Ju- qui pater perhibeo Jupiter- 

piter was regarded as a god, on Jupiter, propter patemm 

account of his fatherly affection in populus charitas, deus 

towards his people. His bro- sum habitus. Is f rater sum 

thers were Neptune and Pluto Keptunus et Pluto, alter 

the one admiral of the king's- regius classis prcefectu?^ 

fleet, the other inventor of fu- alter funus inventor in 

neral ceremonies in Greece. Gr&cia. Qui res ills 

Which circumstances, amongst mare, hie infer i imperium 

the foolish ancients, procured ac numen pario, apud 

the empire of the sea to the for- siultus aniiquitas. 
mer as a divinity .and to the latter 
the sovereignty of hell as a god. 



CHAP. III. 

From the vocation of Abraham to the departure of tke : 
Israelites out of Egypt, comprehending 430 years. 



SAAC, the son of Abraham, "WSJACUS, Abrahamv-s 

born about the year after JLjilius,a diluvium annus 

the flood 457, had, by his wife circiier 467 natus. Esaus 

Rebecca, Esau and Jacob. Of ei J acobus e Rebecca uxor 



•228 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. IH. 



Leah, Rachel, and his other 
wives Jacob begat the patri- 
archs, heads of the 12 tribes. 
He was called Israel by God ; 
hence the Israelites derived 
their name. Joseph, one of the 
patriarchs, was sold by his bro- 
thers out of envy, and sent into 
Egypt. Afterwards Joseph for- 
gave his brethren this ill usage, 
though an opportunity of re- 
venging it offered. He prevails 
with his father to come down 
into Egypt with all his family, 
where in a short time the Israel- 
ites multiply in a surprising 
manner. This removal hap- 
pened in the year of the world 
2293, and before Christ 1706. 

2. Almost cotemporary with 
Isaac was Inacbus, first king of 
the Argives ; whose son Pho- 
roneus is recorded to have col- 
lected his wandering and scat- 
tered people info one body, and 
to have secured them by cities 
and laws. But Apollo, Mars, 
Vulcan, Venus, Minerva, chil- 
dren of Jupiter, the principal 
deities of Greece, and the great 
founders of superstition, fell in 
with the age of the patriarchs: 
as also Ogvges, the first kin^ of 
Attica, under whose reign hap- 
pened that remarkable inunda- 
tion of Attica, called the deluge 
>©f 0?vges. Eusebius places 
S partus, the son of Phoroneus 
who built Sparta, almost cotem- 
porary with Joseph. Argus, the 
grandson of Phoroneus, who ; on 



gigno, Jacobus e Lea, Ra- 
chel, aliusque uxor, patri- 
archagiguo 12 tribus auc- 
tor. Israel a Dens appel- 
lo ; hinc Israelita nomen 
Jio. Josephus,unus e pa- 
triarcha, a f rater in AS- 
gyptus,per invidia aman- 
datus ac venditus sum. 
Josephus postea f rater in- 
juria, ulciscor oblatns oc- 
casio condono. Pater per- 
suadeo, uti cum stir ps uni- 
versus demi groin JEgypt- 
us , ubi bred Israelites 
mirus in modus augeo. 
Hie demigratiof actus sum 
annus mundus 2298, et 
ante Chrisms 1706. 

Isaacus fere cequalis Ar- 
gil us rex primus Inachus 
existo ; quijilius Phorone- 
us vagus homo ac dispersus 
in units cogo locus, ac 
mcenia lex que sepio mem- 
oro. At in patriarcha 
oztas, Apollo, Mars, Vul- 
canite, Venus, Minerva^ 
Jupiter liberi pracipuus 
Gr&cia numen, et super- 
stitio patriarcha, incido : 
itemque Ogyges, primus 
rex Attica, qui regnans 
memorabilis We Attica, 
qui regnans memorabilis 
Hie Attica inundatio, 0- 
gyges diluvium dictus, 
accido. Josephus fene 
aqualis. statuo Eusebius 
SpHrta, Phoroneus filius, 
qui Sparta condo. Argus, 
Ph>r -., e , qui, ob 

prudentia incredibilis cent* 



6hap. III. 



EPITOMIZED. 



22» 



•account of his wonderful saga- 
city, was said to have an hun- 
dred eyes, built Argos. Hiero- 
oymus too makes Job, so much 
famed for patience, coeval with 
Joseph ; but others place him 
much later. 

3. About the same time, lived 
Prometheus and Atlas, two 
eminent astronomers, celebrated 
in the fabulous poems of the 
Greeks. Prometheus the son 
of Japelus, one of the Titans, 
is" represented by the poets, as 
having made a man of clay, 
because he formed men that 
were ignorant and savage, to a 
civilized way of living ; as 
chained to Caucasus, because 
he diligently observed the cour- 
ses of the stars upon Caucasus, 
a mountain in Scythia ; as hav- 
ing stolen fire from the gods, 
because he invented the me- 
thod of striking fire from flint. 
And his brother Atlas, on ac- 
count of his great skill in astro- 
nomy, is reported to have sus- 
tained heaven upon his shoul- 
ders ; and gave name to Atlas, 
a mountain of Mauritania. 

4. Moses, the great grandson 
of Jacob, born about 60 years 
after the death of Joseph, and 
13 71 before Christ, was brought 
up by Pharaoh's daughter, and 
well instructed in the Egyptian 
learning. At eighty years of 
age, admonished of God, and 
assisted by his brother Aaron, 
he attempts to deliver the na- 
tion of the Israelites from the 

U 



oculus dlcfus sum, Argos 
condo. Johns, quo que pa- 
th ntia nobilUdhbi, Jose- 
phus suppar,facio Hiero- 
nymus ; alius (amen mul- 
turn junior. 

Per idem tempus ,Promc- 
theus et Atlas, egregius 
astronomus, existo,fabu- 
losus Grcecus carmen in- 
clytus. Prometheus, Ja- 
petus (is unus e Titan 
sum) natus, quod ignarus 
rudisque homo ad huma- 
nitas irifopmo, homo e lu- 
tum Jingo ; quod in Cau- 
casus, Scythia mons, si- 
dus cursus observo assi- 
due, Caucasus affixvs ; 
quod ignis elicio e silex 
ratio invenio, ignis deus 
surripio, dictus sum a 
poeta. Atlas autem,isf ra- 
ter, propter summits as- 
Ironomia scientia, ccelum 
humerus sustineo perhi- 
beo ; et Alias Mauritania 
mons facto riomen. 



Mosesjacobus abnepos 9 
60 circiter annus post Jo- 
sephus mors natus, et ante, 
Christus 1571, a Pharao 
Jilia educatus sum literoe.* 
que excultus JEgyptius* 
OctogenariusjauctorDeus-, 
adjutor Aaron f rater, Is- 
raeliia gens ah sEgyptius 
serv itus v indico aggredior, 
Denique, Pkaiaofiurimu^ 



230 



ANCIEN^ HISTORY Chap. IIL 



slavery of the Egyptians. In 
fine, having struck a mighty 
(error into Pharaoh, by many 
very great miracles, he brings 
forth the Israelites, loaded with 
the spoils of the Egyptians, in 
the year after the flood 857, and 
before Christ 1491. 

5. The Red sea being divided, 
the Israelites pass over into the 
deserts of Arabia : provisions 
were furnished to them in a mi- 
raculous manner ; water gushed 
out of the rocks, and manna 
descended from heaven At 
mount Sinai, the law was given 
to them by Moses, their sacri- 
fices and ceremonies instituted, 
and Aaron consecrated high 
priest. After this, in the 40th 
year of their journeying, their 
dumber being taken at Jordan, 
the sum of those that were able 
to bear arms, was above 600 
thousand ; among whom there 
w T as not one of those who had 
come out of Egypt, except Jo- 
shua and Caleb : for Moses, af- 
ter having taken a prospect of 
the promised settlements from 
mount Pisgah died ; Joshua be- 
ing appointed his successor. 

6. Much about the same time 
that Moses delivered to the hfe- 
brevrs their religious ceremo- 
nies, Cecrops too, founder of A- 
thens, introduced images and sa- 
crifices into Greece In the reign 
of Cecrops flourished Mercury, 
the grandson of Atlas, the son 
of Jupiter and Maia, and the 
author of eloquence, and many 



maximusque prodigium 
perculsus annus post di- 
luvium circiter 857, et 
ante Christ us 1491, Is- 
raelita JEgpptius spolium 
omtstus, educo. 



Ruber mare divisus, in 
solitudo Arabia Israelita 
trans eo ; commeatus is di- 
vinitus suppeto; manna de 
caelum, aqua e saxum, de- 
jluo. Ad Sin a mons lex is 
per Moses datus, sacra et 
ceremonia instiiutus, Aa- 
ron summits sacerdos con- 
secratus. Jnde 40 pere- 
grinatio annus, ad Jor* 
danis census habitus, sum- 
ma is qui arma J'ero pos- 
sum, amplius 600 mille 
sum; in qui nemo omnino 
ex is qui ex JEgyptus ve- 
nio, pr otter J osues Cale- 
busque ; nam Aloses, ex 
Pisga mons promissus $e- 
des cum prospicio, inte- 
reo ; J osues successor 
designatus. 



Idem fere iempus sacra 
et ceremonia Moses trado 
Hcbrceus, et Cecrops, A- 
theiKE conditor, simula- 
crum et sacrificium induco 
in Graicia. Cecrops reg- 
na uSyMercurius, A tlas ne- 
pos, Jupiter et Maiaji- 
lius, idemque eloquentia- 
et muUm res inventor 



Chap. IV. EPITOMIZE©. 23.1 

other discoveries. Deucalion, existo. Deucalion obru- 

upon Thessaly's being over- tuseluvio Thessalia,mor- 

fiowed by an inundation, saved f a li s complures in Par- 

several person? on the tops of nassusjugum,ubi imper- 

Parnassus, whore he reigned ; ^ conse-vo ; isque 

and, by means of his wife Pyr- p yrrha con ; UJC oper( ^ 

rha, brought them over from ^ f vit 

a savaxe and rustic lite, to an hu- -. 7 G V . - 

mane and civilized behaviour, ad humanus cidtus civi- 

Hence rise was given to a num- % we traduco. Hmc 

ber of fables. locus multiplex fabula 

dams. 

7. At the same time, as if Idem temp est as, per in- 

the fire had conspired with the de ac si ad homo perni- 

water for the destruction of cies ignis cum aqua con- 

num, a mighty conflagration, in juro, Phaeton rex, max- 

the time of Pfcaefcm's reign, \ mus ( n Italia 'ad Erida- 

broke put in Italy, near the ri- nus ^ :men emrdeo in- 

o ; which proved no small C3ad i um . qu i poeta fa 

matter of fiction to the luxuri- csntiaMudparms J ng0 

anr tuncy ot ine poets. Oeno- , . /. A 

, 7 ., ci matenes existo. Veno- 

in\< foo, tne son of Lyca n, d T 

having brought over a cooiw irusporro,Lycaonprog r 

or .Arcadians into Italy, settled natu *> Jlrcas coloma in 

near the Tuscan sea, and, dis- ^cdia deductus,ad mare 

possessing the native Umbri- inferus consido, Umbri- 

ans, peopled Italy. T-iese, call- que indigence repulsus, 

ed it first Aborigines, from frequento Italia. Hie 

their uncertain extraction, after- Aborigines primum ab 

wards Italians, from their king incertus origo, inde, ab 

ltalus, gave name to the coun- f ta ] us rex ^ X- a lus appel- 

try ot Italy. latus, regio Italia nomen 

facio. 



CHAP. IV. 

From the departure of the Israelites out of Egypt, to the 
destruction of Troy, containing 307 years. 

JOSHUA having miracu- "TOSHES J ordanis flu* 
lously dried up the river *$ men divinities nccattjis) 



2S2 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. IV. 



Jordan, brought ov-er the Israel- 
ites. After this he overturn* 
Hie walls of the city Jericho, 
by the ark of the covenant car- 
ried seven times round it, by 
the sound of trumpets, and the 
shouts -of his army. He utterly 
destroys the Amorites, the sun 
and moon standing still at his 
command for the space of one 
day, as spectators of the victo- 
ry. At last, after conquering 
thirty kings, and all the nations 
of Palestine, he settled the 
Israelites in the country pro- 
mised to their ancestors, in the 
year of the creation 2560, and 
before Christ 1444. 

2. About the same time Da- 
naus, causing his fifty sons-in- 
law to be murdered by his 
daughters of whom there was 
the like number, makes him- 
self master of the kingdom of 
Egypt. But being deposed by 
Linus his son-in-law, he seizes 
upon Argos. Orcus king of 
the Molossi, carries off Proser- 
pina, the daughter of Ceres, out 
of Sicily. Europa, ravished by 
Jupiter, brought forth Minos and 
Rhadamanthus, and gave name 
to the third part of the earth ; a 
large field for fable to the poets. 
Much about this time flourished 
the court of the Aieopagites 
at Athens. Upon the Nile too, 
Busiris, the son of Neptune and 
Libya, violating the most sacred 
laws of hospitality, is said to 
have exercised violence upon 
his guests. About the same 



traduco Israelite. Flieri* 
chusinde oppidum maniSf 
atcaf&dus septies circuni- 
lotus, tuba clangor, at que- 
exercitus clamor disturbo. 
Amorh&us, sol ac lima, is 
jmsu per units dies spa* 
Hum, tanquam spectator- 
victoria subsistens, occi- 
dio occido, Detnum tri- 
grata rex omnisque Pa- 
lestina gens debellatus, 
1 sra e I if a in p ro m is si i s. 
majores sedes colloco, an- 
nus post mundus conditus 
2560, et ante Christus 
1444. 

Sub idem tempus Dana* 
us quinquaginta gener per 
totidem filia contrucida- 
tus, JEgyptus regnum po- 
tior, Sed a Linus gener 
pulsus, Argos occupo. 
Orcus, Molossus rex. Pro- 
serpinti, Ceres fdia, e Si- 
cilia abripio. Europa, a 
Jupiter raptvs, Minos gq 
Rhadamanthus pario, ter- 
iiusque orbis terra pars 
nomen do ; in gens poetct 
viateriesfabula. Per idem 
fere tempus Aihenai consi- 
lium Areopagita existo. 
Busiris quoque Neptunus 
et Libya Jilius, ad Nilus 
in hospes saivio dico, 
sanctus hospitium jus 
violatus. Hand multum 
humanius, sub is tempus 
a rex Mesopotamia ac- 
ceptus sum Israelite ; sed 
ad is deinceps liber an* 



EPITOMIZED. 



233 



Othniel, primus Hebraz- 
judex, annus ante. 



Chap. IV. 

time the Israelites were treated dus judex divinus munu 

in a way not much kinder by concessus. 

the king of Mesopotamia ; but 

judges, by the divine favour, 

were raised up from time to 

time for their relief. 

3. Othniel, the first of the 
Hebrew judges, delivers his 

people, by slaying the king of Christies 1403, popidus, 
Mesopotamia, in the year be- Mesopotamia rex casus, 
fore Christ 1405. OthniePs in liber tasvindico. Oth- 
successor was Ehud, who killed niel Eliudus, qui Eglon 
Eglon, king of the Moabites. Moabita rex interjicio, 
Ehud was succeeded by Debo- succedo. Ehudus, Debora 
rah, a woman of more than excipio ,mulier virtus phis< 
mabculine courage. She attend- 
ed Barak, general of the army, 
to the war, and obtained a sig- 
nal victory over the enemy. 
Jael, a woman too, had a hand 
in this victory: she completed 
the enemy's overthrow by the 
slaughter of their general Sisera 
in the year before Christ 1285. 
4. Whilst in Palestine even 
women make a figure in the muh'erbelhcuslausjloreo, 
achievements of war, in other apud cceter natio vir pax 
nations men became illustrious fere ars vigeo. Trisme* 
generally for the arts of peace, gistus, Mercurius nepos, 
In Egypt, Trismegistus, the 
grandson ot Mercury, excelled 
in reputation for learning. Ja- 
nus reigned in Labium. Cad- 
mus, the Brother of Europa, 
brought over letters from Phoe- 
nicia into Greece, and built 
Thebes in Boeotia. Rhada- 
i inanthus reigned in Lycia, and 
Minos in Crece, with the high- 
est characters of strict impar- 
lliality. Acrisius, king of the 
Arrives, instituted er new mo- 

U 2 



quam virilis. Hie Bara- 
chus dux exercitus ad bel- 
lum comitatus, insignh de, 
ho st is victoria pario. Jael, 
mulier quoquejiic victoria 
particeps sum, qui hostis 
clades Sisera dux coedes 
cumulo, annus ante Chris* 
tus 1285. 
Dum in Palestina etiam 



in jffigyptus, doctrina glo- 
ria prcBsto. Janus in La- 
tium imperito. Cadmus, 
Europa /rater, litera e 
Phoenicia deporto in Graz- 
cia, et Thebce in Boeotia 
condo. Rhadamanthus in 
Lycia, . Minos in Creta in- 
sula, summits cum severi- 
tas laus, regno, Acrisi- 
us, Argivus rex, Amphic- 
ty ones, gravis Groecia con- 
silium, instituo vd eytqfr 



234 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. IV. 



Celled the Amphictyones, the 
most august council of Greece ; 
he erected the temple and ora- 
cle of Apollo at Delphos. 

5. In the mean fftne Amphi- 
on, cotemporary with Linus, 
expelling Cadmus, and ( build- 
ing the citadel of Thebes, occa- 
sioned abundant matter of fic- 
tion to the poets. Liber, or 
T3acchus, built the city Nysa, 
near the river Indus. He con- 
quered India with an army of 
Bacchse. Perseus, the son of 
Jupiter and Danae, took off 
the head of Gorgon, a courte- 
san of exquisite beauty. Pe- 
lops too, the son of Tantalus, 
by his planting a colony gave 
name to Peloponnesus. His sis- 
ter Niobe, stupified with grief 
for the loss of her children, gave 
rise to the fable of the poets. 
Dardanus., the son of Jupiter, 
and son-in-law to Teucer, gave 
name to the country of Darda- 
nia, which was afterwards call- 
ed Troas, from Tros his son 
and successor. 

6. In Latium, Janus was suc- 
ceeded by Saturn : under whose 
reign, they tell you, all things 
were common, and all men 
free. Hence it was called the 
golden age. The same Saturn 
taught men to till the ground, 
to build houses, to plant vines, 
and gather in the fruits. Mean- 
while the Pelasgi, seizing upon 
the sea coast of Italy, which is 
»cxt to Sicily, introduced learn- 
ing into Italy. From them the 



do; Apollo Delphicus cBcles 
et oraculum excito. 



Interim Amphion, Li- 
nus cequalis, Cadmus ejec- 
tus, Thebauusque arx ex- 
tructus , magnus poeta 
meniior licentia facio. 
Liber, sea Bacchus, Nysa 
arbs ,propte r Indus fumen 
condo. India BaccJui ex- 
ercitus subigo. Perseus, 
Dance, et Jupiter natus 7 
Gorgon meretrix eximius 
species caput deme. 
Pelops quoque, Tantalus 
JiliuSy de ductus colonia, 
Peloponnesus facio no- 
men. Hie soror Niobe, ob 
omissus liberi ex mcaror 
stupefactus, poeta menda- 
clum locus do. Dardanus, 
Jupiter genitus, Teucer ge- 
ner, Dardania regio no- 
men facio ; qui posted, ex 
isfilius ac successor Tros, 
r Troas appello. 

Janus Saturnus succedo 
in Latium : qui rex om- 
nis communis, omnis li- 
ber sum, perhibeo. Inde 
aureus seculum appella- 
tus. Idem Saturnus ager 
colo, domusaidificio,vinea 
pono, etfrux colligo, do- 
ceo. Pelasgus inierea, 
maritimus Italia or a, qui 
Sicilia sum proximus, oc- 
cupaius, liter (E in Italia 
offer o. Ab hie regio Mag- 
mis Grwcia nominates* 



Chap. IV. 



EPITOMIZED. 



235 



country was named groat 
Greece. Siculus, the son oiTta- 
lus, being driven out of Italy by 
the Pelasgi, passed over into the 
next island, which the Cyclopes 
had anciently possessed, and the 
Sicani then inhabited ; and the 
king Siculus. After Saturn Pi- 
cus, after Picus Faunus, the 
fourth from Janus, held the 
kingdom. The wife of Fau- 
Jius, who was also the mother 
of king Latinus, is said to have 
invented the Latin characters. 

7. Gideon, the fourth judge 
of the Hebrews, about the year 
of the world 2 759, and before 
Christ 1243, performed an ex- 
ploit that deserves to be cele- 
brated in the annals of all na- 
tions. By the direction of God, 
he selected ^0v> men out of all 
bis army. These he arms with 
trumpets and lamps. Then he 
orders the pitchers, in which 
the lamps were concealed, to be 
dashed together, and all the 
trumpets to be blown at the 
same instant. This unusual way 
of lighting caused such confu- 
sion in the camp of the Midian- 
ites, that they slaughtered one 
another with mutual havock. 
Abimelech, Gideon's son, was 
unlike his father; he usurped 
the sovereignty, after he had 
put to death his brothers, in 
number 70. But within three' 
years, he was slain by a woman 
with a piece of a millstone, as 
he was setting fire to the tower 
of Thebes. 



Siculus, Italusfilius, Ita- 
lia pulsus a Peslagus in 
proximus frajicio insula, 
qui olim Cyclopes teneo, 
ac turn Sicani incolo ; 
et a Siculus rex insula 
Sicilia dictus sum. Ah 
Saturnus Picus, a Picus 
Faunus, quartus a Jen- 
us, regnum accipio. Fa- 
unus uxor, idemque La- 
tiaus rex mater, Latinus 
Literareperio memoro. 

G ideon, judex He b rceus 
quartus, annus mundus cir- 
citer 2759, et ante Chris- 
tus 1245, f acinus cdo om- 
nisgens literte celebrandus- 
Deus moniius, vi rex om- 
7ii$ exercitus trecenii deli- 
go. Hie tuba ac lampas 
armo. Turn lagena, qui 
inclusus lampas sum,coni- 
p!odo,mfloqu& tuba omnis 
impero unus tempos. Inso- 
liius pugna species usque 
eo Midianita castra turbo, 
ui mul mis mi ccedes condi- 
tio. Gideon films, dissimi- 
lis pateriAbimclechus sum: 
is f rater cvesus, numerus 
ad 70, tyrannis occupo. 
At intra triennium, dum 
turns Thebes ignis subdo, 
molar is lapis/ragmen pr- 
ostratus sum a fcemina. 



236 



ANCIENT HISTORY Chap. IV. 



8. Toward the latter end of 
Gideon's age appeared the Gre- 
cian heroes, furnishing ample 
subject for fabulous " stories. 
Hercules, Orpheus, Castor, Pol- 
lux, and the other Argonauts, 
having built the ship Argo, sail- 
ed from Thessaly to Troas, and 
thence to Colchis, under the 
conduct of Jason. Whilst they 
were at Troy, Hercules deliver- 
ed Hesione, the daughter of 
Laomedon, the son of Liu*, and 
king of Troy, from a sea-mon- 
ster, to which she had been ex- 
posed. Her father promised 
him the young lady, with some 
fleet horses, as the reward of his 
hazardous enterprise. Being 
arrived at Colchis, they soothed 
the fierce and savage guards by 
means of Medea, the king's 
daughter ; brought off the trea- 
sures which had been carried 
thither by Phryxus out of Thes- 
saly, called the golden fleece. 
In their return they killed Lao- 
medon, for refusing the stipula- 
ted reward, and gave the king- 
dom to his son Priam. This 
expedition happened about 
1280 years before Christ. 

9. About the same time 
JEgeus, king of the Athenians, 
and the father of Theseus, had 
invidiously slain Androgeos, the 
son of Minos, king of Crete. 
For which reason the Atheni- 
ans were ordered to send an- 
nually into Crete seven young 
men, and as many girls to be 
devoured by the Minotaur. In 



Extremus Gideon- tetas 
Grc&cw heros attingo,haud 
exiguus materia fabula. 
Hercules, Orpheus, Castor 
Pollux, center que Argonau- 
ta, Argo navis azdificatus, 
Jason dux, e Thessalia ad 
Troas, exinde Colchis, na- 
vigo. Dum apud Troja 
sum, Hercules, Hesione, 
Laomedon, llusfilius,rex 
Trojanus,Jilia, monstrum 
marinus, qui expo situs 
sum, libera. Pater virgo 
ille cum pemix equus, 
labor, suns pra?mium,pol- 
licitus sum. Cum ad 
Colchis venio, Medea rex 
Jilia opera, custos ferns ac 
bar bar us delineo ; thesau- 
rus eo a Phryxus e Thes- 
salia deportatus aureus 
vellus dictus, aufero. In 
reditus Laomedon ob 
pactus merces negatus, 
obtrunco ; regnum Pria- 
mus, isjilius, trado. Hie 
expeditio incido in annus 
circiter 1280 ante Christm 
natus. 



Sub idem tempus JEge- 
us, Atheniensis rex, et 
pater Theseus, And rogeus, 
Minos rex Creta Jiiius, 
per invidia occido Ob 
qui causa Atheniensis jn* 
beo quotaninis sepieni ju- 
venis ei puelJa iotidem in 
Creta mitto, a Minotau- 
rus devorandus. Hie m 



Ghap. IV. 



EPITOMIZED. 



237 



the number of these went The- 
seus, who by the assistance of 
Daedalus and Ariadne, Minus's 
daughter, slew the Minotaur, 
and delivered his country. Mi- 
nos with a fleet pursuing D;e- 
dalus in his flight, was killed 
in the bath by king Cocalus in 
Sicily. After this Theseus en- 
countered the Centaurs, or 
Thessalian horsemen, with 
good success, and associated 
himself with Hercules. 

10. The Amazons too, who 
were women, natives of Scy- 
thia, having lost their husbands 
in war, took up arms, assuming 
at the same time a masculine 
intrepidity, possessed them- 
selves of the lesser Asia, and 
built Ephesus. Hercules and 
Theseus made war upon them, 
and conquered them, more to 
the glory of the vanquished 
than their own .; for though wo- 
men, they had valiantly coped 
with such heroes, and when 
taken prisoners, made their es- 
cape, by killing the guards. Her- 
cules is further reported to have 
instituted the Olympic, and 
Theseus the Isthmian games. 

11. Much about this time, 
Greece exhibited scenes of an 
horrible and tragical nature. 
Atreus and Thyestes the sons 
of Pelops, vented their mutual 
resentment in a more hostile 
way than became brothers. 
For Thyestes committed a rape 
on his brother's wife : Atreus, 
©a hi? part, caused Thyestes's 



numcnis Theseus prof ic- 
tus sum, qui opts I >uida- 
lus, ct Ariadne, Minos Ji- 
Ua, Minutaurus occido, ct 
pafria libera. Minos D#- 
dalus, fugiens classis in- 
sccutus, in Sicilia a Co- 
ca 7 us rex neco in balneum. 
Theseus inde cum Cent an* 
rns, Thessalus eques bene 
pugno suique Hcrcuh'S 
comes adjungo. 

Amazones mulier quo- 
que, e Scylhia oriundus, 
amissus in helium vir, 
cum arma animus vir His 
as sumo ; Asia minor oc- 
cupo, Ephesus condo. Hie 
Hercules ac Theseus infe- 
ro helium, isque vinco, 
major victus gloria qtiam 
suus ; quippe et mulier 
cum talis vir foriiier de- 
pugno, et captivus, ccesus 
exist os, aufugio. Hercu- 
les porro Olympicus, 
Indus, Theseus Isthmins 
fero instituo. 



Idem fere tempus, fen- 
dus ac dints spectaculum 
edo Grcecia. Atreus et 
Thyestes, Pelops tmtus, 
plusquam fratemus inter 
mi odium exerceo. Thy- 
estes enimf rater uxor stu- 
pnim infero : Atreus Thy- 
estes vicissim filius epu* 
hmdusoppono. Oedipus a 



238 ANICIET HISTORY Cbap. IV. 

sons to be served up to him at Lain? pater expositus, 

a banquet. Oedipus having is deindein rixaiijrna- 

been exposed by his father rus occido ; agerque 

Laius, slew him afterwards in Thebanus, Sphinx in- 

a squabble, without knowing s ; diosus muUer occim 

him to be his lather; and res- sus mcaiusreddo . /te . 

tored the country about I hebes / ; , 

to a perfect tranquillity, by paternusreg7iumudcp. 

killing the Sphinx, an' artful tiiS,Jocasta mater ip- 

mischievous woman, having se mscius duco uxor. 

thus procured himself his fa- Caterum res omnis ex 

ther's kingdom, he unwitting- Tyresius rates cogni- 

\y married his mother Jocasta. tus, sui ipse eruo ocii- 
However, being informed of fas, el reonum Eteo- 

the whole matter by Tyresius, des ac Polynivesfdius 

the seer, he plucked out his own re U nquo , Polynices 

eyes, and left the kingdom to au(e . n cifo rt?num a 

his sons Polynices and Eteocles. f }nf lsu, ad A- 

r>ut rolymces bem" quickly • , , M 4 

expelled" the kingdom by his dr « 8 J US . A W ve ? r f 

brother, fled to Adrastus* king conjligio. IsOflSSUb- 

of the Argives. Supported by nuns, frater bellum 

him, he made war upon his infero, comes Am- hia- 

brother, attended bv the pro- raus Vdte^, qui ab 

phetic Amphiarus, who hav- Eripht/la COfljuz pro- 

ing been betrayed by his wife ditus/j ! neon jilius, 

Eriphyla, gave orders to his son ma ter vt u° 9, impero; 

Alcmeon to assassinate his hic Fc ,^ rn ( li3 uxor, 

mother: in tins more wicked quod ji ihts f ac io par- 

than his wife, that he made a - .• - win., t „ 

., , . , , . , ncida. Is bellum Am- 

so'\ the murderer of Ins parent. , . , . . . 

During thai war. Amphiaraos fhumm hiatus terra 

was swallowed up by an earth- ahsorptus svm. 1 o- 

quake. Polynices and his bro- Unices et frater mu- 

ther fell by mutual wounds, U'U* mhlUSpereO. 

1-2. Jeptha, the seventh Jepthes, Septimus He- 

judge of the Hebrews, was brmis Judex, Hercules 

somewhat later than Hercules, paulo minor natusitm. Is 

As he was about to join battle nignum cum kostis colla- 

with the enemy, he vowed, that turns voveo, si vinco* sui 

i{ he overcame, he would con- Deus consecro 9 quiiquis 

gecrate to God whatever be mertens primus occur ro \ 



Clap. V. 



EPITOMIZED. 



239 



should meet first at his return. 
He engaged the enemy, and 
gained the victory ; his daugh- 
ter, the only child he had, met 
him first of all in his return 
home, and converted the glory 
of the victory into mourning, 
about the year before Christ 
1188. 

13. About the same fime a 
much greater disaster befel 
Priam king of Troy, who refus- 
ing to restore Helen, the wife 
of lYIenelaus, king of Sparta, 
that had been carried off by his 
son Paris, called also Alexan- 
der, was stripped of bis king- 
dom, children, and life, by the 
Greeks, after a siege of ten 
years. Troy was destroyed 
2820 years after the creation 
of the world, 43b' before the 
building of Rome, and before 
the birth of Christ 1184. 



Confligo cum hostis,viclo+ 
ria reftro : domns rediens 9 
Jilia, qui unicus habeo,pri- 
in/us omnis obviam venio, 
et gloria victoria in m<e- 
ror Verio, annus ante 
Christus natus fere 1188. 



Multum gravis sub idem 
tempus Priamus Trojanus 
rex casus evenio, qui cum 
Helena. Menelaus rex 
Sparta nus uxor, a Paris 
jilius suits , Alexander e- 
tiam dictus,raptus y reddo 
nolo ; post decennium cb- 
sidio Jiberi,regnum et vita, 
orbo aGrcpxus. Trojae- 
versus sum annus a inun- 
dus conditus 2820. ante 
Roma conditus 436, et 
ante Christus natus 1 j 84. 



CHAP. V. 

From the destruction of Troy, to the finishing and dedica- 
tion of the Temple at Jerusalem by Solomon y including 
163 years. 

7*7* NEAS.Trojapro- 
JilllfuguS) in Italia ve- 
in- 1, It,i cum Lahfius, 
Latin us 7 ex fadus ajj ni- 
littqvj jiihgi. ; oppidum a* 
sui couditii&i db rxor no- 
men, liiUjinium appello* 



I NEAS, flying from Troy, 
icame into Italy There 
fee contracted an alliance and 
aff^ity with Latinus, king ot 
the Latins; from his wife's 
name, he called the town built 
by him Laviuium. He routed 



24» 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Ghap. r. 



in battle and put to flight Tur- Turnus Rululi rex pr&- 
nus, king of the Rutuli, After Hum f undo fu go que. He- 
that, lie greatly weakened the truscus inde opesfrango / 
power of the fietrusci \ and Latinusque in act as mor- 
Latinus dying in battle, he him- tuus,ipse omnis fero vie- 
self reaped all the benefit of the toriafructns. Adfirnmn- 
victory. In order to strengthen dus opes, Trojanus Lati- 
his interest, the name and laws nus lex obis acnomenim- 
of the Latins were, by him, im- positus : Latinus ipse rex 
posed on the Trojans : he him- dictus. jEneaspostea,ad- 
«elf was called king of the La- versus Mezcntius, Hetrus- 
tins. After this, JEneas fell in cus vexpugnans.prczlium 
battle fighting against Mezen- 
tius, king of the Iletrusci, four 
years after the death of his fa- 
ther- in-law Latinus. 

2. Samson was cotemporary 
with iEneas. He killed a lion 
without any weapon ; checked 
the pride of the Philistines, and 
made a dreadful havoc of his 
enemies with the jaw-bone of 
an ass. Having lost his strength 
together with his hair, he fell 
into the hands of his enemies, 
by the treachery of a woman, 
-whom he passionately loved. 
To them, after they had put 
out his eyes, he served long 

for an object of derision. At cum capillus vires, tur- 
length hiving recovered his pis servilus lunestus 
strength with his h.;ir, he en- 
deavoured to put an honourable 
period to his ignominious servi- 
tude. The pillars of the house 
wherein the Philistines baheld 
him making sport, he overset ; 
the Philistines who were pre- 
sent, and Samson himself, were son ipse, oppnmo, an- 
crushed to death by the fall of nus ante Christus n#~ 
the building, in the year before tu$ HIT- 
Christ HIT* 



cado, annus quartus post 
mors socer Latinus. 



Samson JEncastem- 
pus sup par sum. Leo 
inermis neco : Philisl- 
mis superbia coerceo ; 
a inns maxilla hostis 
trucido. Mulier, qui 
depereo, prodens, am- 
is sits cum coma vires, 
in hosth potestas per 
venio. Qui orhatus 
lumen, din ludibrium 
sum. Demum receptus 



qiuzro exilus. Domus 
is, unde Philistaiuslu- 
dens ipse specto, co- 
lumna conditio ; izdes 
ruina Philesieus, qui 
pnesto siim 9 atqiie Sam- 



Chap. V. EPITOMIZED. 241 

3. Ascanius, iEneas's son, Ascanius, JEneas films, 
resigning Lavinium to his mo- Lavinium noverca relic- 
ther-in-law, founded Alba Lon- tus, Alba Longa condo* 
ga. After this the sovereignty Sylvius inde JEneasfilius 
was conferred by the people on post humus, regnum a pop- 
Sylvius, a son of iEneas, born ulus delatussum. Julus, 
after his death. The priesthood Ascanius filius, sacerdoti- 
was given to Julus, the son of um datus, qui gens Julius, 
Ascanius, which the Julian fa- ab Julus ortus, posted koz- 
mily, originally sprung from, 
Julus, enjoyed hereditary ever 
after. After Sylvius, thirteen 
kings reigned in Aiba Longa, 
for near 400 years ; of whom 
./Eneas Sylvius swayed the 
sceptre 31 years, Latinus 61, 
Alba 39, Sylvius Atys or Ca- 
petus I. 26, Capys 28, Capetus 
II. 13, Tiberhius 8, Agrippa 
24, Romulus Sylvius or Alla- 
dius 19, Aventinus 3-, Procas 

23, Am ulus 42 ; whose brother Amuiius 42 $ qui f rater 
Numitor was the last king of Numitor idtimvs Albarex 
Alba. existo. 

4 Samuel, the last Judge of Samuel, judex Hebrams 
the Hebrews,, by God's direc- 
tion, anoints Saul king, as he 
was in quest of his fathers as- 
ses, seven years before jEneas tennium antequam JEneas 
Sylvius began h.s reign in La- Sylvius regno occipio in 
tium. The Hebrew state was Latium. Admimistratus 
managed by judges about 400 res Hebr mis sum a judex 
years. annus circifer 400. 

5. The Heraclidae, viz. the Her aclidce, viz. Hercu- 
posterity of Hercules, who long 
harassed by Euristheus, king o( 
M vcenve, had lived in exile with 
Ceyx in Thrace, and afterwards 
with Theseus king of Athens; 
at length, about 80 years after 
the destruction of Troy, return- 

x 



reditarius habeo. Post 
Sylvius a tredecim rex in 
Alba Longa, 400 fere an- 
nus, regnatur; qui JEneas 
Sylvius imperium leneo 
annus 31, Latinus 51, 
Alba 39, Sylvius Atys seu 
Capetus /. 26, Capys 28, 
Capetus IL 13, Tiber inus 
8, Agrippa 24, Romulus 
Sylvius sen Aladius 19, 
Aventinus 37, Procas 23, 



postr emus, Saul, pat emus 
asina quceritans, Deus ad' 
monitus, consecro rex, sep- 



les poster i, qui, ab Eu- 
ristheus Mycenae rex dm 
exagiiatus, in exilium a- 
pud Ceyx,inThracia,de- 
inde apud Theseus Athenm 
rex, cetas ago : tandem 80 
fere annus a clades 33#- 



242 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Cnap. Y; 

chUo Peloponnesus, and settled janus, ad Peloponnesus 

111 '*« redeo, ibique sedes situs 

6. Saul, the first king of the pmo. 

Israelites, came to the throne Saul, Israelite; rex pri- 

about the year of the world mus , regnum accipio an- 

2m9, and before Christ 1095. nus post mundus conditus 

At first he behaved well, but prope 2909, et a?i.fe Chris- 

afterwards offended heinously, tus 1095. Inkihm bene 

Hereupon he was rejected by sui gero, deinde graviter 

God, and David chosen in his offe.ulo. Quocirca rejicio 

room. He having slain Go- a Dens, et in is locus Da- 

Hall, a gigantic Philistine, was vidsufftcio. Hie, Golias, 

advanced to be the king's son- Philistmts gigas,interfec- 
in-law. Saul fell in battle fight- 
ing against the Philistines, in 
the twentieth year of his reign. 
David, after lamenting the 
death of his father-in-law, 
mounted the throne, in the 
reign of Latinus Sylvius, the 
son of /Eneas Sylvius, king of 
the Latins. 

7. King David, a man of userga Deus pietas,hostis 
singular piety towards God, perpeiuo victor existo. 
was ever victorious over his Regnum ab A bsalon filius 
foes. lie was dethroned by p&hns sur,V; at Absalon a- 
his son Absalom; but having cies superatus, regnum re- 
defeated Absalom in battle, he cipio David 40 annus 
recovered his kingdom. David impcrito. 

reigned 40 years. Idem ferme tempus Ab- 

8. Almost at the same time salon impietas in pater 
4hat Absalom suffered the pun- pazna luo, et Codrus Me- 
ishment of his unnatural be- lanthu,? films, Atheaiensis 
haviour to his father, Codrus, rex postremusjaus egre- 
the son of Melanthus, and the gius in patria pieiasfero. 
last king of Athens, gained the Helium Peloponnesiacus 
character of a most 'extraordi- sen Doriensis, cum ex 
nary affection for his country, omentum cognosco 'sit- 
In the Dorian or Peloponne- perior forem hostis ; ni- 
sian war, being informed by the si Atheniensis rex ca- 
oracle, that the enemy would do, caput suns pro pa- 
prove victorious, unless the tria solus devoveo.*-* 



tus, regius evado gener. 
Saul, vigesimns regnum 
annus, adversus Philis- 
to^us pugnans, pr&lium 
cado. David, socer mors 
deplor a! us, regnum potior, 
rex Latinus, Latinus Sy I- 
viuSylEneas Sylviusji tilts. 
David rex, homo eximi- 



Chap. V. 



EPITOMIZED. 



2#3- ; 



king of the Athenians was kill- Rusiicusvestiiusinduius 

ed, he devoted his life for the gre^drius miles Dorien- 

safety of his county Having si$ ex j urgium - , 

disguised hnnse.f id the habit { ut * intcrc 

of a peasant, he wounded a ; d - \ \. T***i 

common soldier of the Dorians testis obsidiopatrta exi- 

m a quarrel, and being slain ™ ; pater p atria, res ma- 

by him as he wished, saved gis quam nomen. Is mors 

his country from the blockade JLihtnm ^ admimstratio, 

of the enemy ; in fact, rather ad magistratus devenio i 

than in name, the father of his qui ArcJwn sum appella- 

country. Upon his death the i us . Is primus Medon 

government of Athens devolv- S um,fdins Codrus. 
ed on magistrates, who were 
called Archons. The first of 
them was Medon, the son of 
Codrus. 

9. Solomon, the third king 
of the Hebrews, reigned also 



Solomon, rex Heir te- 
ns tertius, 40 quoque an- 
nus regno. Temphm f 



:>rews, reigned aiso -^ .s J 7 ~;w ? 

40 years. He built and dedi- ci David pater dest in atus 9 

cated the temple designed by fnagnijicenter excedfxo 

his father David, in the most dicoque, annus mundus 

magnificent manner, about the prope 2983, et ante 

year of the world 2933, and Christus naius 1021 M- 

before the birth of Christ 1021, ha Sylvius rex Latinus. 

in the reign of Alba Sylvius, Solomon, omnis* mortalis 

king of the Latins. Solomon, sapiens, ab uxor senex 

the wisest of all men, in his old pe-ductus sum ad cidius 

age was seduced by his wives Dms EthnicU8m g fa 

into the worship of Heathen mQn . allquantum 

deities. Homer was something TT % "'"""» 

older than Solomon, if he lived" ^merus sum,, siqmdem 

as Herodotus says, 168 years f™* ' vt "erodotw per- 

after the Trojan war. hibeo,amws 168 post hel- 
ium Trojams. 



244 



ANCIENT HISTORY ©fiap. Vf. 

CHAP. Yh 



From the dedication of the temple to the building 
of Home , comprehending 273 years. 



EHOBOAM, Solomon's 
son, by his folly complet- 
ed the ruin of the empire, al- 
ready toUering by his father's 
misconduct. Thus out of one 
were two kingdoms formed ; 
the one was called the kingdom 
of Judah or Jerusalem; the 
other that of Israel or Samaria. 
The tribe of Judah and Benja- 
min were subject to Rehoboam, 
and the other successive de- 
scendants of David ; the other 
ten tribe?, being seduced and 
corrupted by Jeroboam, their 
first king, had princes of very 
different families. The kings of 
Samaria were ail impious to a 
man, and worshippers of idols : 
the kings of Jerusalem other- 
wise. And these two kingdoms 
contended with one another in 
almost continual wars In the 
fifth year of Rehoboam's reign, 
Jerusalem was besieged by 
Shishak, king of Egypt. He 
carried away ail the sacred fur- 
niture of the temple. Rehoboam 
dying in the 17th year of his 
reign, leaves his kingdom to 
his son Abijah, Sylvius Atys 
being then king of the Latins. 
2. In the third year of Abi- 
iah's reign, Asa his son succeed- 
ed him, a king of eminent pie- 



ROBO AS, Solomon ft 
I ius, nutans pater nus 
culpa imperium, suns stul- 
titia eveHo. Sic duo ex- 
un.is regnum fact us: alter 
Juda* sea Hierosolyma ; 
alter Israel, sive Samaria, 
dictus sum. Judmis trihus 
ac Benjaminus Roboas, ac 
stirps deinceps pareo Do- 
vidicus ; center decern trh* 
bus a Jeroboas primus rex, 
traductus depravatusque 9 
diversus stirps rex habeo. 
Samaria rex omnis ad u- 
nus impius sum. cut torque 
idolvni : Hierosolyma rex 
non item Et hie duo reg- 
num perpetuus inter sui 
bellumfere coutendo. An- 
nus impsrium Rob o as qu- 
intus, a Sesacus /Egyptm 
rex, Hierosolyma nbsideo. 
Hie omnis sacer templum 
suppelJex dejorto. Roboas 
17 regnum a.mus excedens 
e vita, Abiasflius regnum 
lego, Sylvius A'ys rex La- 
Units . 



Abias iertius regnum* 

annus, Asajilius, summits 
rex pietas, sv.ccedo ; qui 



CJhap.VI. 



EPITOMIZED. 



245 



iy ; who swayed the sceptre 
41 years. In his reign, Capys 
ruled in Latium ; and Omar 
king of Israel built the royal 
city of Samaria. 

3. Jehoshaphat, the son of 
Asa, proved a second David 
for piety. He held the gov- 
ernment 25 years. In his 
reign lived Ahab king of Sama- 
ria, and !he holy prophet Eli- 
jah the Tishbite. Much about 
the same time Tiberinus too, 
the son of Capetus, the ninth 
king of the Albans after Asca- 
nius, being drowned in bis pas- 
sage over the Aibula, gave 
name to the river. 

4. Jehoram, the son of Je- 
hoshaphat, and son-in-law of 
king Ahab, followed the im- 
pious example of his father-in- 
law. He possessed the throne 
eight years. His son Ahaziah 
reigned only one year ; Agrip- 
pa being then king of the La- 
tins. 

b. Joash, the son of Ahaziah, 
the tenth king of the Jews after 
David, reigned 40 years. In 
his reign Romulus Sylvius, king 
of the Aibans, was burnt up by 
lightning After him Avcnti- 
nus got the kingdom, who gave 
name to the hill on which he 
was buried. 

6. Amaziab, the son of Joash, 
governed 29 years. In his 
reign, as Eusebius relates, fl >ur- 
ished Lycurgus, the famous 
lawgiver of Sparta, who spon- 
taneously resigned the srown of 

X 2 



imperium annus 4 1 teneo. 
H ic regnans,Capys in La- 
Hum impero ; et Omrius 
Israelita rex Samaria 
urbs regius ccndo. 

Josaphatus^ Asajilius, 
pietas alter David sum. 
Annus 2 b imperium teneo. 
Is regnans, existo Acha* 
bus rex Samaria, et saner 
vates Helias Thesbites. 
Idem fere quo que tempus 
Tiberinus, Capetus Jilius, 
rex Albanus ab Ascanius 
nonus, in trajectus Aibula 
ctmnis, submersus,Jlumen 
nomen do. 

J ora$,JosapkatusJiliiis 9 
Achabus rex gener , impit- 
tas socer secutus sum Octo 
annus imperium teneo. 
Filius is, Achozias, annas 
regno omnino unus : Ag- 
rippa rex Latinus. 



Joas, Achozias Jilius, 
decimus a David rex Ju- 
daius annus 40 impero. 
Is regnans, Romulus Syl- 
vius, Albanus rex,fuhnen 
ictus defiagro. Aventinus 
deinde obtineo regnum,qui 
collis. ubi sepultus sum t 
nomen do. 

Amazias, Joas jilius, 
annus 29 imperito. Is reg- 
nans, ut Eusebius perhi- 
beo, existo Lycurgus, cele- 
ber Sparta legislator, qui 
Lacedmmonius regnum, a 



246 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. %k 



Lacedemoa, left him by his f rater relictus, f rater fili 
brother to Charilius his bro 



r 10 ^nanlius 
ther's son, born after his fa- 
ther's death. He divided the 
land of Laconia to each man 
equally ; abolished the use of 
gold and silver; and enjoined 
ail people to eat in public. 
Then Ke bound his countrymen 
by an oath, that they should 
not make any alteration of his 
laws, tiilhe should return from 
consulting the oracle at Del- 
phos. He died in Crete, a vo- 
luntary exile, about the time 
of the death of Amaziah king 
of the Jews. Uzziah, who is 
also called Azaria, was the 
son and successor of Amaziah. 
He reigned 52 years. 

7. Elisa, who is also called 
Dido, abhorring her brother 
Pygmalion, the murderer of her 
Tiusband Sichaeus, privately put 
On board all her husband's 
wealth, and sailed from Tyre 
Landing on the coast of Libya, 
she built a city, which was hist 
called Byrsa, and afterwards 
Cartrnge. Canhage was found- 
e bout J 42 ye^rs before the 
buikiing of Rome, and before 
the bir n of Christ 8^0. About 
the sain i"<e Bv»ccho;us, or 
L-.cct.oi -, king of Egypt, 
settled tn^ laws and institutions 
$f the Egyptians. 

8. About the same time, that 
is, 409 y> :-:«rs after the destruc- 
tion of Troy, and 2/ before thre 
bu iingoi Rjame, the Olympic 
games were revived by Xpaitus ; 



us post humus Char Hates 7 
situs sponte trado. Ager 
Laconicus viritim cequa* 
liter divido : aurum ar- 
gentumque usus tollo ; et 
omnis epm 'or publicejubeo. 
Civ is inde sacr amentum 
adigo, ut nihil de lex im- 
muto, quoad ipse a consul- 
endus Delphicus reverto 
oraculum. Exul volun- 
tarius, in Creta obeo sub 
nex Judceus rex Amazias. 
Ozias, qui etiam Azarias 
dictus sum A mazias Jilius 
ac successor sum. Annus 
52 regno. 

Elisa, qui etiam Did& 
appellojPygmalion j'rater 
Sichceus vir suus interfec- 
tor, exosus, omnis virga- 
za clam impono in navis, 
et Tyrus solvo. Ad Libya 
appuhus, urbs condo, qui 
Byrsa primum, inde Car- 
thago dictus sum. Condi- 
tus Carthago sum annus 
ante Roma conditus circi- 
ter 142, et ante Christus 
natus 890. Sub idem tem~ 
pus Bocchorvs sen Boccha* 
rides, rex Mgypius etjus- 
constiiuo. 



Sub idem tempus, annus 
scilicet 409 port Traja de- 
hfus, et ante Roma cam? 
dims 2 r, Indus Qlympicus 
ab Iphitus renovauts sum; 



ghap. VI. 



EPITOMIZED. 



24$ 



for they had been instituced be- 
fore by Hercules, as was related 
above. The Olympic games 
were so called from Olympia, 
a city of Elis in Peloponnesus, 
near which they were celebrat- 
ed every 4th year, by a great 
concourse of people from all 
Greece and other nations. — 
From this period the Greeks 
began to use the Olympiads for 
the distinction of times. Be- 
fore that epoch fiction prevail- 
ed. From it ihe true history of 
the Greeks takes its rise In 
the beginning of the first O- 
lympiad, if we believe Herodo- 
tus, died Hesiod, about 140 
years later than Homer. 

9. Jotham, Uzziah's son, and 
father of Ahaz, a pious man, 
and beloved of God, governed 
16 years. In his reign Theo- 
pompus, king of the Lacede- 
monians, in order to render 
the sovereign authority more 
staple, by sharing the power 
with the people, created five 
Ephori, 13 years after Ly* 
curgus. These magistrates 

yeiy much resembled the tri- 
bunes of the people among the 
Romans. 

10. In Latium, Amulius hav- 
ing deposed his elder brother 
Numitor, usurped the crown. 
Romulus and Remus, the sons 
of Rhea Sylvia, or Ilia, Numi- 
tor's daughter, having been ex- 
posed by Amulius, were edu- 
cated by Faustulus, the king's 
shepherd. When they came 



nam anted, ut supra dico 9 
ab Hercules institutus sum. 
Ludus Olympicus sic dic- 
tus sum ab Olympia, urbs 
Elis in Peloponnesus pro- 
pe qui celebratus sum 
quart us quisque annus y 
magnus homo concursus ex 
omnis Grcecia gens que pe- 
rcgrinus. Ex is tempus^ 
Grmcus,ad tempus disting-- 
iiOiOlympias adhibeo coepi. 
Ante is tempus fabula vi- 
geo. Ex is Grcecus initi- 
tim duco hictoria. In aus- 
picium primus Olympias- 
si Herodotus credo ,Hes4o- 
dus obeo, Homerus junior 
annus cindter 140. 

Joathas* Ozias films ,et 
Achas paler, vir pins et 
Deus earns, annus 1 6 im 
pero. Is regnans Theo- 
pompus, Lacedcemonius. 
rex qui regnum, commu- 
nicaius cum populus potes- 
tas 9 efficio diuturnus, Ep- 
horus quinque, annus post 
Ly curgus \ 30, creo Hit 
tribimus plebs apud Ro- 
manus persimilis sum. 



In Latium, Amulius % 
JVumitor majo 'ater pul- 
sus, regnum occiipo, Ro- 
mulus et Remus Rhea 
Sylvia, seu Ilia, Nnmi- 
torfilia natus, ab Amu- 
lius exposikis, a Famiu- 
lus, pastor regias educalus 
sum. Cum adoles€o 7 jYn* 



248 



ANCIENT HISTORY Chap. Vfl. 



to age, they knew their grand- 
father Numitor, and having 
slain Amulius, replaced him on 
his throne. They themselves 
having got together a body of 
shepherds, founded on mount 
Palatine the city of Rome, for 
which was destined the empire 
of the world liome was built 
in the third year of the seventh 
Olympiad, 436 years after the 
destruction of Troy, in the 
year of the world 325$, of the 
flood 16 JO, and before the birth 
•f Christ 7 43. 



mitor avas agnosco, isque* 
Amulius obtruncatus, re- 
st it uo in regnum. Ipse, 
coactiis pastor manus, in 
Palatinus mons condd 
urbs Roma, qtli destino 
imperium orbs terra. Ro- 
ma conditus sum annus 
tertius septimus Olympias 9 
post Troja eversus 43 G, 
annus mundus 3256, dilu- 
vium i 600. et ante Chris- 
tu-s natus 748. 



CHAP. VII. 



From the building of Rome to the liberation of 
the Jews from the Babylonish captivity of Cyrus, 
in the first year of the Persian empire, contain- 
ing 214 years. 



OMULUS is commonly 
roported to have killed 
his brother Remus, for having 
contemptuously leaped over his 
new walls. Thus he became 
sole monarch. He took numbers 
•f his neighbours into his city. 
He chose an hundred senators, 
who, from their age, were call 
ed Fathers, and their children 
Patrii. Then, as he and his 
people had no wives, he invited 
the neighbouring nations to the 
sight of game-, and seized iheir 
young women. Whereupon 



ROMULUS vulgofe- 
ro Remus f rater tm- 
cido, quod per continnelia 
mums novus transilio, Ita 
solus imperiwn potitus 
sum . Multitudo fin itimus 
in civitas recipio . Centum 
senator eligo, qui oh cetas 
Pater, Patriciique is pro- 
genies, appellatus. Tunc, 
cum uxor ipse et populus 
non habeo, invito ad spec- 
taculum Indus vicinus na~ 
tio, at que is virgo rapio. 
I toque Jinitimus populus 



fthap. VII. 



EPITOMIZED. 



m 



the adjacent nations made war 
upon the Romans. Romulus, 
having routed the Caenienses, 
and slain their king Acron with 
his own hand, presented the 
spolia opima to Jupiter Feretri- 
us, to whom he then dedicated 
a temple. He triumphed over 
the Antemnates, the Crustumi- 
nians, the Fidenates, and Vei- 
entes. Upon seeing his army 
like to be worsted by Tatius, 
king of the Sabines, he vowed 
a temple in the Forum to Ju- 
piter Stator. The action being 
renewed, the Sabine women, 
throwing themselves into the 
battle, put an end to the war by 
their entreaties. An alliance is 
struck up between the generals, 
and the Sabines remove to 
Rome. At last Romulus, a 
sudden tempest arising as he 
reviewed his army at the lake 
of Caprea, entirely disappeared. 
He was supposed to have gone 
to the gods. He reigned 37 
years. 

2. Nineveh, as formely ob- 
served, was founded by Ashur, 
some time after Babylon had 
been built by Nimrod ; but con- 
tinued for many ages a private 
royalty. For Pul, one of th? 
kings of Nineveh, and probably 
also king of Babylon seems to 
have founded the Assyrian em- 
pire. He makes his first appear- 
ance in scripture, in the begin- 
ning of the reign of Menahem, 
king of Israel, and 771 years 
kefsre the birth of Christ, 



Romanus helium infcro. 
Romulus , Conn iensesjuga* 
tus, is que rex Acron suus 
maims interemplus, Jupi- 
ter Feretrius, qui turn 
aides dieo, opimus spolium 
fero. De Antemnates, 
Crustuminii, Fidenates, ei 
Veientes, triumpho. A 
Tatius Sabinus rex, acies 
suus fugo videns, Jupiter 
Stator templum voveo in 
Forum, Demum redinte- 
gratus prcelium, Sabinus 
acies irrumpens, helium 
precis dirimo. Percutio in- 
ter duxfcedus, et Sabinus 
Roma commigro. Romu- 
lus, cum exercitus ad 
Caprea palus recen* 
seo, subitus coortus tem- 
pestas nusquam appareo. 
Ad deus transeo creditus 
sum. Regno annus 37* 



Nineve, ut supra dictus 
sum, ab Ashur conditus 
sum, sero aiiquairfum 
qiuim -Babylon a Nirnbro- 
tJius extr actus sum ; sed 
privatus ianiummodo reg- 
num per mulfus seculum 
existo. Namgue Pul, u- 
nus e rex Nineve, et ut 
versvmilis sum, rex etiam 
Babylon, Assyrius consti- 
tuo imperium videor. Hie 
mentio jio prima in scrip- 
ture* suh milium regmem 



250 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. VII. 



This empire lasted about 170 
years. The chief of its monarchs 
were, 1. Pul, supposed lo be 
the same with Beius. He reisni- 
ed upwards of 24 years. 2. 
Tiglathpileser, who is sup [rosed 
to be the same with Ntnus, 
and who subdued Damascus, 
and put an end to the ancient 
kingdom of Syria, reigned 
about 19 years. 3. Shalmane- 
ser, who besieged and sacked 
Samaria, reigned twelve years, 
4. Sennacherib, whose army, 
whilst he attempted to besiege ' 
Jerusalem, was smitten by an 
angel, reigned 6 years. 5. Es- 
arhaddon, who carried Manasseh 
king of Judah, captive to Baby- 
lon, and conquered Egypt and 
Ethiopia, reigned 42 years. 
b\ Saosduchinus, in scripture 
called Nebuchadonosor, who 
conquered Phraories king of the 
Medes, levelled Ecbatan with 
the ground, and, returning to 
Nineveh, feasted 120 clays, 
reigned 29 years. 7. Chyna- 
lydan, supposed to be the same 
with Sardanapalu?, reigned 22 
years. This prince, the Medes 
having made war upon him, and 
the Babylonians having revolted 
from him, set lire to his palace, 
and. was consumed with ail his 
wealth in the flames. The As- 
syrian empire subsisted several 
years after his death ; but was 
in the end overturned by the 
Medes and Babylonians, in the 
year before Christ 601. Thus 
two empires arose out of that of 



Manahem rex Israeliiicus, 
et 1J\ annus ante natus 
Christus. Hie imperhim 
annus circiter 170 duro. 
Proecipuus ex is princcps 
sum, 1. Pul, qui ei ' Belus 
sum credo. Is annus 24 
et amplius imperito. 2. 
Tiglathpileser, qui et Ni- 
nas sum credo, et qui, Da- 
mascus subactus antiquus 
Syria regnum finis impuno 
annus circiter 19 regno. 
3. Shalmaneser, qui So*, 
raaria obsideo capitis deleo 
annus 12 regno. 4. Sen- 
naclierib, qui cxercitus 
cum Hierosolyma obsideo 
conor, ab angelus ccedo, 
annus 6 regno. 5. Esar- 
hadd'jn, qui Manasses Ju- 
da rex Babylon captiius 
abduco et /Egyptus ai- 
que JEtliiopia in suits di- 
tto redigo, annus 42 reg- 
no. G. Saosduckinus, in 
script ura Nebuchadon osor 
ap fella ins, q u i Ph raortes 
AJedus rex devictus, Ec- 
batana solum wquo, ei 
Nineve reversus dies 120 
epulor, annus 20 regno. 
7. Chynahidan, quiet Sar- 
danapalus fortassc dico> 
annus 2~ regno. Hie Me- 
dus helium infero, Baby- 
loniusque defero, regia su- 
ns ince.ido, ei cum divitice 
concremo, Imperium As- 
syrian aliquot annus post 
is interims duro, demum 
vero a Dledm et Babylo- 



Chap. VIL EPITOMIZED. Ki 

the Assyrians, namely, the Ba- nius everfo, annus ante 
by Ionian and Median. ChristusGOl. It a ex im- 

per ium Assy mis duo orior. 
Ba by lonius.sciz el M edus. 
3. From the name of Nimrod A tetripus jVtmbrotkus 
to that oi Pul, a great many ad Put, multus princeps 
petty princes reigned in Baby- eoci gnus Baby ionimperito. 
Jon. Nineveh too and Babylon Nineve quoque et Baby* 
seem to have been often gov- Ion idem rex sazpe pared 
erned by the same king. But, 
in the 24th. year of the reign 



videor. Sec! 24 annus reg- 
num Pid, et 747 annus 
ante Christus natus, ex 
wins duo diversus reg- 
num /actus sum. Nabc- 
nasscu\ qui inclytus vera 
nomenfacio, et qui filius 
Pul nafnminorsum video, 
regnvm Babylonians adi* 
i-- pi scor, cum interim Tig- 
.lathpileser obtains the sceptre at lathpi/esei\fraterna(uma* 
Nineveh. During the flourish- jor apud Nineve res po- 
ing state of the Ass} rian mo- tior. linperium Asyricus 
narchy, the kings of Babylon vigens, rex Babyionicus, 
seein to have been oniy vice- quasi prorox sen profec- 
Toys ot lord lieutenants to those tus rex Assyria subjaius 
of Nineveh ; but afterwards Ba- 
bylon rose upon its ruins, and 
became a great empire, which, 
computing from Nabonasser 



* y-- 

of Pul, and 747 years beiore 
Christ, these became two dis- 
tinct kingdoms. Nobonasscr, 
who gives name to the famous 
sera, and who seems to have 
been a younger son of Pul, 
gets the kingdom of Babylon, 
whilst his elder brother Tig 
1 



lasted 209 years 
bonasser, called 



sum zicleo ; postea autem 
Babylon Nineve excidtunt 
ductus sum et magnus im- 
pzrium evado : qui, si sup- 



and Nanybrus, 



also Belesis 
reigned 14 
years. Nadius 2. Chinzirus 
and Porus jointly 5. Juga^us 5. 
Mardoc Em pad us, in scrip- 
ture called fvlerodachbaladan, 
who sent an embassy to Heze- 
ki:di, king of Judah, to enquire 
about the sun's retrogression, 
reigned 12 years. Arkianus 5. 
An inter-reign of two years 
.followed. Bali bus 3. Apro- 



5fa^ putatio a Nabonassar, in- 
stituo, per annus 209 du- 
ro ; sciz. Nabona^sar, qui 
Belesis et Nanybrus eiiam* 
d ictus sum, amius 14 reg- 
no Nadius 2. Chinzirus 
et Porus simul 5. Jv^ 
gmis 5. Mardoc Empa- 
dus sacer literm Mero-, 
dachbaladan dictus, qui 
legatus ad Ezechias, rex* 
Juda ut do sol retro* 
gressuu certior Jio, mitto s 



2£2 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. VII. 



nadius 6. Mesessimordacus 4. 
Then an inter-reign of eight 
years. Assaradinus, or Esar- 
haddon, who, with his two suc- 
cessors, were also kings of As- 
syria, reigned 13 years Saos- 
duchinus 20. Cbynalydan, call- 
ed also Sarac, 22. Nabopal- 
lasar, who revolted from Chy- 
nalydan, and transferred the 
seat of the empire from Nine- 
veh to Babylon, reigned 21 
years. He, joining his force 
with those of Cyaxares^ king 
of the Medes, reduced Nine- 
veh to a iow condition, but did 
not live to see its final destruc- 
tion, having been diverted from 
this was by an irruption of ihe 
Scythians, who at tiiat time over- 
ran a great part of Asia Na- 
bocolassar, or Nebuchadnez- 
zar who in a most magnificent 
manner adorned the city Baby- 
Jon, and raised the empire to 
its highest pitch of glory, and 
was himself afterwards, by ihe 
decree of heaven, driven from 
the society of men to dwtil 
with the beasts of the field, 
reigned 43 years. Evilmero- 
dach reigned 2 years. Neji- 
glNsar 4. Nabonadius, Laby- 
nitus, or Belshazzar, 17; in 
w ose time the city of Baby- 
lon was taken by Cyrus, and 
the empire overturned, hi the 
year before Christ £3b\ 



annus 12 impero. Arkia- 
nus 5. Duo annus inter- 
regnum secutus sum. Be- 
libus 3. Apronadius 6. 
Mesessimordacus 4. De- 
inde interregnum octo an- 
nus. Assaradinus, seu E- 
sarhaddon, qui cum duo 
successor, rex etiam Assy- 
ria sum, annus 13 regno. 
Saosduchinus 20. Chyna- 
ledan, *arac etiam appel- 
lants, 22. N abopallasar , 
qui a Chynalydan decisco, 
et sedes imperium a Nineve 
ad Babylon transfero, an- 
nus 21 regno. Is, suus cum 
copice Cyaxares M edits 
rex junctusy JVineve ad 
conditio ajjlictus redigo: ut 
mo rs pr aire plus interne cio 
non video, ab hie et enim 
bellum abstractus sum in- 
cur susScythia, qui tunc tern- 
pus magnus pars Asia vasto 
Nabocolassar, seu JSebu- 
cfutdnessar, qui urbs Baby- 
lon magnificenter extruo,et 
imperium ad summusfas- 
tigium eveho, et quipostea 
cceleslis decretum e homo 
coitus ad habiiandum cum 
bestia ager expulsus sum, 
annus A3 impero. Evi/me- 
rodach annus 2 regno. Ne- 
riglissar 4. ISahonadiuSy 
Labynitus, seu Belshazzar 
17 ] qui reg nans urbs Bob- 
yiorut a Cynts captus si- -i , 
et imperium eversus,annus 
mje Chrisius 53§. 



Chap. VII. EPITOMIZED. ->53 

4. The Medes, having thrown Medus,jugum Assy rius 
off the Assyrian yoke in the excussus, rex Sennacherib y 
reign of Sennacherib, lived aliquandiu sine rex ago ; 
some time without a king; sed discordia chilis subor- 
but intestine disorders arising, tus, Dejoces, ex gens Me- 
Dejoces, one of their own dus oriundus, qui in liber 
number called Arphaxad in JudilhaArpkaxadappello 
the book of Judith, was cho- rex creo annus ante Chris- 
sen king in the year before lus 710. Postremus tem- 
Christ 710. In his latter days pus bellum Saosduchimis, 
he made war upon Saosduchi- Assyrius rex, infero ; sed 
nus ; king of the Assyrians; but exercitusis fugatus sum 
his army was defeated in a pnedum in magnus plani- 
battle fought in the great plain ties Ragaucommissus ipse 
of Ragau, himself slain, and interfectus, et caput reg- 
his capital Ecbatan destroyed, num Ecbatma excidiitm 
after a reign of 63 years. His datus, post quam annus 53. 
son Phaortes suddued a great impero. Phaortes Jilius 
part of the Upper Asia, invad- magnus pars Superior Asia 
ed Assyria, and laid siege to domn, Assyria invado. Ni- 
Nineveh; where he perished, neve que obsideo ; ubi ipse 
with the greater part of his cum magnus pars copim 
army, after having reigned pereo, post regnum2tan- 
2 C > years. His son, Cyaxa- nus Films is, Cyaxares 
res I. by a stratagem re- Lewis dolus Scytha liber o. 
lieved his country from the Bellum contra Lydius in- 
Scythians. He engaged in war eo ; sed cum sol, inter pucr. 
with the Lydians; but a totai nandum, defect us totalis 
eclipse of the sun, said to have laboro, qui deliquium 
been foretold by Thales the Thales Milesius prcedico 
Milesian, happening in the time fama sum, ambo exercitus 
of b:ttle, both armies retreat- prcelium recedo, et pax 
ed. and peace was concluded, faccus sum. Hie postea 
He afterwards, in conjunc- Nebuchadnezzar rex Pac- 
tion with Nebuchadnezzar, ylun adjuvans, Nineve 
king of Babylon, invested Ni- obsideo, et solum a>quo 9 
ne\eh, and razed it to the annus ante Christus 60f. 
ground, in the year before Adunatus hie exercitus 
Christ 601. This confederate mox JEgyptus, Judea, 
army soon after over-ran and Syria, Armenia, Pontml 
conquered Egypt, Judea, Sy- Cappadoeia, et Persia, 
na, Armenia, Pontus, Cappa- peragro domoque. An- 

nus 40 regno Cyaxares. 



254 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. Vlt 



Darius Med us appellatus, 
annus 22 regno. Belium 
cruentus cum rex Babylon, 
isque socius Croesus Lydia 
rex, per spatium 21 annus 



docia, and Persia. Cyaxares Asty ages Jilius, Daniel li- 
reigned 40 years. His son As- ber Ahasuerus dictus, Ba~ 
tyages, called Ahasueru* in the bylonius, qui, Evilmero- 
book of Daniel, repulsed the dack dux, in Media ir- 
Babylonians, who, under the rumpo, repello Annus 
conduct of Evilmerodach, had 35 impero. Filiusis.Cy- 

made an irruption into Media, axares 11. sacer liter® 
He reigned 34 years. His son, 
Cyaxares II. called in scripture 
Darius the Mede, reigned 22 
years. He had a bloody war 
with the king of Babylon, and 

their ally Croesus, king of Lydia, gero In hie belium Cy 

for the space of 21 years. In rus nepos is auxilium ve- 

this war he was assisted by Cy- nio ; qui tandem Babylon 

rus his nephew, who at last took pot itus, avunculus summus 

Babylon and placed his uncle potestas permitto ; qui ibi 

on the throne ; where he reign- duo annus regno. Cyrus, 

ed two years. Upon h»s death avunculus mortuus, sedes 

Cyrus transferred the seat o[ imperium a Babylonius et 

empire from the Babylonians Medus ad Persa traiisfe- 

and Medes to the Persians, in ro, annus ante Christies 

the year before Christ 536. 536. 

5. Twenty-five years affer In JEgyptus.So sen Sa- 
the building of Rome, So or bacus JElhiops regno ccepi, 
Sabacus, the Ethiopian, began annus post Roma conditus 
to reign in Egypt; whose sue- 25 ; qui successor, per du- 
cessors, for about 20 ) years, centi fere annus, sum A- 
weie Anysis, Sethon, 12 kings m/sis, Sethon, 12 rex si- 
jointly, Psammitichus, Necho, mid, Psammitichus, Nech- 
Psammis, Apres, Amassis, and us, Psammis, Apr es,Ama 
Psamminitus 

6. Twenty-seven years after 
the building of Rome, and 
821 before Christ, Samaria was 
taken and destroyed by Salma- 
neser, king of the Assyrians. 
The ten tribes, with their king 
Hoshea, were carried away into 
Assyria. Tobias was one of the 

captives, whose piety preserved libertas in ipse servitus pi- 

bira his liberty in the midst of etas conscrvo. Rex turn 



sis, ct Psamminitus. 

Annus post Roma condi- 
tio 27, et ante Chris tus 
821, Samaria a Salmane- 
ser, Assyrius rexxaptus et 
e vers us s u m Trib us decern 
cum Oseas rex, in Assy- 
ria ab ductus. Unus & 
caplivus Tobias sum, qui 



Gbap. VII. 



EPITOMIZED. 



25.5 



servitude. Hezekiah, the son 
of king Ahaz, a man of emi- 
nent piety, was then king of 
Jerusalem. At this time too 
lived the prophet Isaiah. 

7. Nurua Pounpilius, the se- 
cond kins; of the Romans, was 
called to the throne from Cures, 
a town of the Sabines, on ac- 
count of his renowned wisdom. 
He softened the martial fierce- 
lies* of Rome by religion He 
instituted priests and sacred 
rites, pretending intercourse 
with the goddess Egeria in the 
night. Then he built the tem- 
ple of Janus, and shut its gates, 
which were the signs of peace 
and war. He completed the 
year by the addition of two 
months ; and, instead of March, 
appointed January to be the 
beginning of the year. He 
reigned 43 years. 

8. Manasseh, the son of He- 
zekiah, reigned then in Judea. 
At the same time lived Judith, 
by whom Holofernes, general 
of Saosduchinus ? king of the 
Assyrians, was slain ; Gyges.too, 
who is said to have been the 
intimate favourite of Candaules, 
king of the Lydians, and was for- 
ced by him to view the beauty of 
his queen when naked. After 
which Gyges, at the queen's 
desire, murdered Candaules, 
and seized upon the kingdom. 

9. After Nuroa, Tullus Hos- 
tilius being created king of 
Rome, made war upon the Al- 
bans. The dispute being re- 



Hierosolyma Ezechias, A- 
chas rex natus, homo sin- 
gulars pietas. Hie tern- 
pus etiam existo vates I- 
saiah. 

Numa Pompilius, Ro* 
mantis rex II propter set* 
pientiafama, ad regnum 
e Cures, abintis oppidum, 
vocatus sum. Roma ar- 
maferox religio mansue- 
-facto. Sacra sacerdosque, 
instittio ,simulatus cum dea 
JEgerianocturnus congre- 
sstts. Janus dein templum 
extruo, isque valvce, pax 
bellumque index, claudo. 
Annus duo mensis additus 
exp leo. A nnus iniiium Ja- 
nuarius pro Martins stmt 
voho. Regno annus qua- 
droginta tres. 



Manasses, Ezechias ji~ 
litis, in Judaea turn regno. 
Idem tempus existo Judi- 
thcty a qui Holofernes, dux 
Suosduchinus rex Assy- 
rius, sum obtrvneatus $ 
Gyges quoque,qui inifimus 
Candaulus Lydus rex sum 
assecla dicoMb isque coac- 
tusy ut nudus regina spe- 
cies contomplor. Postea 
Gyges, reginajussti, Can- 
daules o btrunco .et regnum 
invado. 

Tullus Hostilius post 
Numa-y Roma rex crea- 
tus helium Albanus infe- 
ro. Certamen tres Hora- 



&>Q 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap VII. 



ferred to three Horatii on the 
side of the Romans, and as ma- 
ny Curiatii on that of the Al- 
bans, victory declared for the 
Romans. r I he Albnns after- 
wards rebelling, Tullus, after 
demolishing Alba, ordered them 
to remove to Rome. Rome 
bei:>- increased by the ruins of 
Alba, mount Caelius was added 
to the city. Tullus was thun- 
derstruck, and burnt up with all 
his house, after he had reigned 
31 years. !n the mean time 

Amnion, Manasseh's son, and jiUus,et Ilierosolymarex, 
king of Jerusalem, was assas- a famulus suus interfcctus 
binated by his servants. sum. 

JO. After Tullus Hostilius, Post Tullus Hostilius, 
Ancus Martius , the grandson Jl ncus Martius,Numaex 
of Numa by a daughter, took „. {q { 

upon him the govern ent. He J . x t • i if 



tins Romanus, et totidem 
Curiatus Al.anus, com- 
missus .victoria penes Ro- 
manics sum. Albany* 
postea rebellans, Alba t- 
vcrsuS) Roma demigro 
Tullus jubeo. Roma Al- 
ba ruina auctus, Ccelius 
mons ubs additus sum. 
Cum Tullus 31 annus 
regno, fulm en ictus, cum 
domus suus ardeo. Am* 
mon, intcrea, Manasses 



proclaimed war by his heralds 
against the Latins, and van- 
quished them. He took a great 
many of them afterwards into 
the city. He united the A 
ventine mount to the city, and 
likewise the Janiculum, by 
throwing a wooden bridge 
over the river. He extended 
the Roman dominion quite to 
the sea, and built the city Ostia, 
at the mouth of the Tiber. 
He died of a distemper in the 
24th year of bis reign. A few 
years after, Jos i ah, Hezekiah's 
grandson, fell in battle, fight- 
ing against Necho, king of E- 
g\pt. The prophet Jeremiah 
and all the people lamented 
him. 

ft. The fifth king of Rome 



num. La inus bellum 
per feciales indico,ac vin- 
co. Is plurimus postea in 
ci vitas adscisco. Adventi- 
nus mons, nee non subli- 
cius pons injlumen f actus 
Janiculum, urbs adjicio. 
Romanus imperium us- 
que ad mare propago, et 
Ostia urbs in os Tiberis 
condo. Annus imperium 
24 morbus per eo. Pauci 
exinde annus, Josias f 
Ezechias nepos, contra 
JYecvs JEgyptus rex pug- 
nans, pr odium cado. Is 
Jeremias vates et cunctus 
populus lamentatio pro* 
sequor. 
Quintus Roma rex sum 



Gfcap. VII. 



EPITOMIZED. 



25? 



Tarqiiinius Priscus, Ji- 
lius Demaratus Corinthi- 
us. Hie numerus senator 
duplico, Circus ozdlfico y 
el Indus Circenses insti- 
tuo. Thuscia popuhis 
duodecim subigo, ab isque 
summus potest as insigne 
accipio, Fasces, Trabeaz, 
Curules, Pretexta et is 



litis Qccisns sum. 

Draco, qui Archon A- 
thence sum, annus ante 
Ckrisius 623, atrox Athe- 
nienses lex impono, qui 
a? que parvus peccatutn ac 



was Tarquinius Priscus, the 
son of Demaratus of Corinth. 
He doubled the number of the 
senators, built the Circus, and 
ins ituted the Circensian games. 
He subdued the twelve nations 
of Tuscany, and borrowed 
from them the ensigns of su- 
preme power, the Fasces, the 
Trabeae, the Curule chairs, the 
Pretexta, and other things of genus alius. Annus im- 
that kind. He was slain by tha perium 37, per Ancusfi* 
sons of Ancus, in the 37th year 
oi his reign 

12. Draco, who was Archon 
at Athens, in the year before 
Christ 623, laid the Athenians 
under the most cruel laws, by 
which the smallest offences and 

the greatest crimes were magnus scelus capi/alis 
equally punished with death, snm.. Qui ipse hie causa 
For which he himself, assigned trado ; Parvus peccatum 
this reason: Small faults seem ego mors dignus video, et 
tome worthy of death, and for main fesius ac magnus sce- 
flagrant and great offences I lus, magnus supplicium 
can find no higher punishment, excogito non possum At 
But these laws did not long 
please the Athenians. Dema- 
des was wont to say, that Dra- 
co's laws were not written with 
ink, but biood. 

13. In Judea, after the death 
of Josiah, his son enjoyed the 

crown three months, and his fraterpauciaunus y rpgnum 
brother a few years. Josiah's potitus sum Prater Jo- 
brother was succeeded by Ze- sias succedoZedechias,resa 
dekiah, the last king of the Jew-, Judveus post r emus , qui a 
who was reduced to slavery by Nebuchadnezzar Babylon 
Nebuchadnezzar, king of Ba* rex in servitus red actus 
bylon ; Jerusalem also and the mmf temp turn quo que, ae 
temple, were burnt, and the Hierosolyma,incen<us.ci~ 
citizens carried away into Ba- vis Babylon tradtictus. an~ 

Y 2 



hie lex Arhenie-nsis non 
diuplaceo. Demades dico 
soleo, Draco lex non atra* 
mentum, sed sanguis^ 
scriptus sum 

In Judcea,post mors Jo- 
§ias,Jilius tres mensis, et 



258 



ANCIENT HISTORT 



Chap. VH, 



by Ion, in the year before the 
birth of Christ 588. 

14. Whilst Palestine and Sy- 
ria were laid waste by the arms 
of barbarians, Greece was im- 
proved by the institutions of its 
wise men. The seven wise men 
of Greece flourished at the same 
time. Solon, one of their num- 
ber, having abolished Draco's 
laws, enacted new ones more 
proper for the Athenians. 

15. Servius Tullius, the sixth 
king of the Romans, having 
conquered the Hetrusci and 
Veientes, instituted the Census. 
He divided the people into clas- 
ses and centuries ; added to the 
city the Quirinal, Viminal, and 
Esquiline hills. He was mur- 
dered in the 44th year of his 
reign, by the villainy of his 
son-in-law Tarquin the Proud. 

16. About this period lived 
a set of the most savage tyrants 
in different parts of the world ; 
Periander at Corinth, Pisistra- 
tus at Athens, Tbrasybulus at 
Miletus. Polycrates in the island 
Samos, and Phalaris in Sicily. 
The same age was very produc- 
tive of wise men ; then flou- 
rished iEsop the famous writer 
of fables, and Pythagoras in 
Italy, who first called himself a 
philosopher. In Greece the 
poets Alcaeus, Stesichorus, Sap- 
pho, Simonides, Anacreon, Pin- 
dar, \*ere greatly renowned. 

17. Towards the latter end 
of Servius Tullius's time flou- 
rished Cyrus the Persian. He 



nv.s ante Christus natus 
588. 

Dum Palestina et Sy- 
ria barbarus arma evastc, 
Grczcia sapiens institution 
excolo. Septem illc Grcecia 
sapiens unus tempus exis- 
to. Ex qui numerus So- 
lon, abrogatus Draco lex y 
commodus Athenienses 
lex few. 

Senilis Tullius, sextus 
Romanns rex, Hetruscus 
ac Veientes debellatu Cen- 
sus instituo. Populus in 
chassis ac centuria descri- 
bo; urbs, Quirinal is, Vi- 
minalis, Exquilinus mans 
adjungo. Oceisus sum 44 
imperium annus, scelus 
gener suusTarquinius Su- 
perbus. 

Hie tempus immanis ty-. 
rannv.s passim existo: Pe- 
riander Corinthus, Pisi- 
stratus Athena, Thrasy- 
bulus Miletus, Polycrates 
in Samos insula, et Phala- 
ris in Sicilia. Idem cetas 
sapiens ferax sum ; JEso- 
pusfabula architectus turn 
vigeo,n ecnom Pythagoras- 
in Italia, qui sui primus 
philosophies appello. In 
Graicia,poeta Sappho, Al- 
coins, Stesichcrus.Siitioni- 
des,An acre c n , Pinda ms , 
illustris sum. 

Cyrus Persa extrcmus 
Servius Tullius tempus 
existo. Sum natus Cam- 



Chap. VIL 



EPITOMIZED. 



25 9 



was the son of Camby.'ies, ei- byses, aut rex Persia, aui 
ther king of Persia, or a man vir primus ordo in is civi- 
of the first rank in that coun- tas,et Mandanr, fiUa A- 
try, and of Mandane, the styages, rex Means. lie- 
daughter of Astyages, king of rodotus quidempaier Cyrus 
the Medes. Herodotus indeed mediocrisvirsumperhibeo, 
says that his father was a mean 
man ; and that Cyrus, on ac- 



count of a dream, had been 



et Cyrus infans jussu avus 
propter somrnum expositus 
sum. At fides Xenophon 
potius ad hibendus sum. Cy- 
rus quadragesimus catas an- 
nus agcns, e Persia arces- 
situs sum, ut Cyaxares a- 
vunculus suits in bellum 
contra Babylonius, is que 
socius Croesus, rex Jjydia y 
auxilium sum. Hie bellum 



exposed in his in Taney by or- 
der of his grandfather. But 
greater credit is due to Xeno- 
phon. Cyrus in the fortieth 
year of his age, was called from 
Persia to assist his uncle Cy- 
axares, king of the Medes, in 
his war against the Babyloni- 
ans, and their ally Croesus, king, per annus 21 gesius sum. 
of Lydia. This war lasted 21 Adunaius copied Medus et 
years. Cyrus commanded the Persa Cyrus pr&sum ; et 
united army of Medes and Per- ctb hie tempus imperium 
sians ; and from this period his- apud historicus initium du- 
torians compute the beginning co. Ut Cyrus virtus in hie 
of his reign. Cyrus's conduct bellum sum insignis, ita 
in this war was glorious, and mirus felicitas usus sum. 
his success wonderful He van- Croesus supero, et regius 
qulshed Croesus, and took the urbs Sardis expugno ; post 
royal city of Sard is ; after this hie totus regio inter mare 
he subdued all the continent JEgeus et Euphrates, per- 
from the iEgean sea to the Eu- domo. Babylon urbs muni- 
phrates. He reduced the strong tissimus subigo,regnumque 
city of Babylon, and, delivering is administrate avunculus 
the government of that king- suus Cyaxares, Darius Me- 
(dom to his uncle Cyaxares, call- 
ed also Darius the Mede, he 
returned into Persia. About 
two years after, Cyaxares dy- 
ing, and also (ambyses king of 
Persia, Cyrus took upon him 
the government of the whole 
empire; which he held for the 



dus etiam dictus, traditus, 
ipse in Persia regressus 
sum. Post fere biennium 
Cyaxares, necnon Camby- 
ses rex Persia, mortuus y 
Cyrus totus imperium ad- 
ministratio suscipio : qui 
per septem annus teneo. 



space oi seven years. In the first Annus hie septem primus 



iijj 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. VII. 



of these seven years, and be- 
fore. Christ 534. issued out his 
decree for restoring the Jews 
to their country. In the reign of 
Cyrus lived the prophet Daniel, 
whom that *;ion:irch esteemed 
with an affectionate regard. 

18. A few years alter, as 
Herodotus relates, Cyrus made 
war upon the Scythians, and 
cut off the son of their queen 
Tomyris with his army. But 
the advantages of the victory 
proved delusive and of short 
duration. Cyrus, flushed with 
his late victory, marches out 
into a place of disadvantage, 
where he was trepanned by the 
enemy, and cut to pieces with 
all bir< fv>rces. But Xenophon 
says, Cyrus died at home a 
natural death, in the 70th year 
of his age, and was buried at 
Pasargatla in Persia, leaving his 
son Cairibyses heir to his em- 
pire j who, having conquered 
Psamminitus, annexed Kgypt 
to his father's realm. The Per- 
sian empire lasted 22o years, 
Gyrus reigned 3) years, Cam- 
by ses 7« Darius Hystaspis 36, 
Xerxes 21, Artaxc.rxes Longf- 
manus, called Ahasuerus \n the 
scriptures, and who had Esther 
for his queen. 4i, Darius No- 
thus 19, Artaxerxes Sfneuion 
'chus 2i, Arses 2, Darius 
Codomaunus 6. 



et ante Christus 534, tdictum 
suus promutgo. qui J 
p atria restitao. Regnans Gu- 
rus vivo Davit I pr 
qui imperalor itle complexu* 
sum. 



Pauci exinde annus, ut 
Herodotus narro, Cyrus Scy- 
tha helium infer o, et Tomyris 
r egma filius cum cxercitus 
cazdo. At brevis et fallen 
sum fructus victoria. Cyrus 
recens ri-'oria ehttus in ini- 
quus Incus progredior, ubi 
insilice hosfis ipse cum omnia 
copiie cone i do. Xenophon 
autem aio y Cyrus domus fa- 
turn functus sum, annus act as 
septuagtssbnus et Pcuargada 
% n Persia sepultus sum. Cam* 
buses filius lucres imperium 
relict us; qui, Psamminitus 
victus. palernus regnum JE- 
gyptus adjicio. Imperium 
Persic us annus 22S duro. 
Cyrus regno annus 30. Cam- 
byses 7, Darius Hystaspu 3o, 
Xerxes 21, Artarerxet Longi- 
manus, Ahsuzras sacer literal 
dictns. et qui Esther regina 
habee,4\, Darius Jfotk us i 9, 
Artaxtrxes Mnemon 46, Ochus 
21, Arses 2, Darius CodQ?7ia- 
nnus 6. 



«faap. VIsI. 



EPITOMIZED. 



201 



CHAR VIII. 



From the liberation of the Jews by Cyrus, to the 
overthrow of the Persian empire by Alexander 
the Great, including 294 years. 



TARQUIN IUS Superbus, 
the sir enth and last of the 
Roman kings, derived his sur- 
name from his behaviour. He 
slighted the authority of the se- 
nate in the management of the 
government. He finished the 
temple of Jupiter which had 
been begun by his father; He 
subdued the Volsci ; and took 
Gabii by the artful conduct of 
his son Sextus. He is said to 
have purchased the Sibylline 
books from the Cumean Sibyl 
At last he was turned out of 
the city, and his kingdom too, 
for a rape committed by his 
son upon Lucretia, a woman 
of quality, in the 23d year of 
his reign, in the 68 Olympiad, 
and before Christ 606. The re- 
gal power obtained at Rome, 
under seven kings, almost 242 
years. 

2. After the expulsion of the 
kings, two consuls were creat- 
ed annually at Rome. Brutus 
and Coliatinus were the first 
consuls. Brutus upon the dis- 
covery of a conspiracy against 
the public liberty, punished the 
conspirators, among whom 
were two of his own sons, with 
death. 



TJRQUINIUS Su- 
perbus, Septimus ai~ 
que ultimus Rom anas 
rex, ex factum cogno- 
men fraho.Senatus auc- 
toritas in administran- 
dus respubtica negligo. 
Jupiter iemplum a pa- 
ter inckoatus extruo : 
Vol sens arm a domo ; 
Gabii Sextus filiixs dolus 
capio. A Sibylla Cum arm $ 
liber Sibyllinus emo dico. 
Tandem, ob siuprum Lu~ 
c retia , nobilissimus foemi~ 
na, ajilius illatus,et urbs f 
et regnum ejectus sum, 
annus regnum 23 , Oltpn* 
pias 68, ante Christus na- 
tus 606 Regnatur Ro- 
ma a septem rex annus 
prope 242. 

Post rex expulsus, bini 
quotannis consul Roma 
creo. Brutus et Coliati- 
nus primus consul sum K 
Brutus, conjuratio contra 
libertas paief actus, c rju- 
ratus, in qui sum Jilt us is 
duo mors multo. 



262 



ANCIENT HISTORY Chap. Vllf. 



3. About the same time a like 
incident delivered the Athe- 
nians from tyranny. Hippar- 
ches the son of Pisistratus, had 
debauched Harmodius's sister. 
Whereupon Harmodius slays 
the tyrant. Being forced with 
torture, by Hippias the tyrant's 
brother, to name those that 
were accessary to the murder, 
he named the tyrant's friends ; 
who were all immediately put 
to death by the tyrant. The 
citizens, roused by his magna- 
nimity, banished Hippias, resto- 
red themselves to liberty. They 
erected a statue to Harmodius. 

4. C-ambyses, king o( the 
Persians caused his brother 
Smerdis to be assassinated be- 
cause he had dreamed that he 
saw him on the throne. Cam- 
byses died soon after of a 
wound by his own sw rd drop- 
ping accidentally out of the 
sheath. Pntizithes, one of the 
Magi, concealing the death of 
Smerdis, put up his own brother 
Oropastes in his room, who, 
personating Smerdis, obtained 
the sovereignty. But the im- 
posture being soon discovered, 
tht* pretended king, with his 
br >?•.' r, was taken off by the 
grandees of Persia. 

5 The grandees who had 
dispatched Oropastes, agreed 
a ong themselves to come lo 
the Palace before sun -rise, and 
that he whose horse neighed 
first, should be king. The 
horse of_ Darius > the son of Hy- 



Atheniensis per idem 
tempus par causa tyrannis 
libera. Hipp ar chits . Pisis- 
trutus natus, Harmodius 
soror viola. Itaque Har- 
modius tyr annus obirunco. 
Ab Hippias , tyrannus /ra- 
ter {aomin-o c-xdes consciuSy 
tormentum coachis, tyran- 
nus amicus nomino ; qui 
omnis st'xtim a tyrannus 
inierficio. Hie virtus ex- 
citants civis, Hippias pul- 
sus, suiin libertas ttssero. 
Harmodius statua pono* 



Cambyses, rex Persa, 
/rater suns Smerdis inter- 
Jiciendus euro, quod per 
quies is regno video. Pau- 
lo post Cambyses, gl a dim 
e vagina delapsus \vulnera- 
tus inter to. Patizithes, u- 
nus e Magus, celatus mors 
Smerdis. f rater suns Oro- 
pastes pro is suppono, qui 
sui Smerdis sum simidans, 
regnum potior. Sedf rents 
cito pa tef actus ipseudo rex, 
cum /rarer , a Persa pr bl- 
eeps cojifodio. 



Princeps, qui Oropastes 
neco, inter sui paciscor, ut 
ad regia ante sol ortus 
venio, et ut is qui eqnus 
hinnitus primus edo, rex 
sinn. Equus Darius,Hy- 
Btaspis-JHivs ¥.nni£us 



Chap. VIII. EPITOMIZED. 203 

staspis, neighed first, and pro- mus edo, et dominus reg- 

cured his owner the kingdom. num pario. 

6. Darius Hystaspis being Darius Hystapis rex 
thus created king of the Per- Persa sic creams, Judoeus 
sians, granted leave to the Jews potestas templum Hieroso- 
to tinish the temple of Jerusa- lyma absolvendus facia ; 
lem ; the prophet Haggai at the adhortans simul Hoggai 
same time encouraging them propheta. Babylon, qui a 
thereto. Babylon, which had Persa descisco, Zopyrus 
revolted from the Persians, he amicus dolus reczpio. 
recovered by the artifice of his Qiiippe is, nasus sui et 
friend Zopyrus. For he hav- auris desectus > fidus 
ing cut off his nose and ears, facio Babylonins, sui a 
made the Babylonians believe Darius crudeliter tracta- 
he had fled over to them, on tusadisconfugio. Itaque 
having been barbarously used urbs, suns fide sab ille ere- 
by Darius. Accordi ng ! y he ditus, Darius p ro do. 
betrayed the city with which 

they intrusted him to Darius. 

7. Tarquinius Superbus be- 
ing banished from Rome, im- . 

plored the assistance of Porsen- Hetruscus rex auxilium 

Da, king of the Hetrusci ; who imploro ; qui, helium Ro- 

wagirig war with the Romans manus Hiatus, Janiculum 

possessed himself of the Janicu- occupo. Hostis impetus 

lum. Horatius Cocies alone Horatius Codes tamdiu 

sustained the assaults of the sustineo in niblicius pons 

enemy on the Sublician bridge solus quod pons a tergum 

for a considerable time, till the rescindo. Inde in Tibtris 

bridge was cut down behind desilio, atque inter hostis 

him. Then he plunged into telum incolumis ad Zoma- 

the Tiber, and swam over safe nus trano. Clodia quo- 

to the Romans amidst the darts que, virgo Romanus, u~ 

nusex obses, elususenstos, 
Tiberis inter Hetruscus 
telvm trano. Mutius p or- 
ro Sccevola^ut pair ta oh- 
sidio hostis eximo, in {$ 
castra sui insinuo\ per er- 
ro- scriba pro rex obtrun r 



Tarquinius Superbus 
Roma exactus, Porssena 



of the enemy. Ciaelia too, a 
Roman lady, one of tlie hos- 
tages, having eluded her keep- 
ers, swam over the Tiber, a- 
midst the darts oj the Hetru.-ci. 
Moreover, Mutius Scaevoia, in 
order to deliver his country 



from the enemy's blockade, con- c©. d tribunal rex re- 
veys himseif into tneir camp ; tructus f dextra foculus 



264 



ANCIENT HI3T0RY Ohap. Vttl. 



and instead of the king, by 
mistake kills his secretary. Be- 
ing carried befo-e the kmg to 
be examined, he thrusts his 
right hand into the fire, and 
burns it ; and at the same time 
declares to the king, that 300 
Romans had In like manner 
taenan OrUh to murder him. 
W tereupon Porsenna, making 
peace with the Romans, re- 
turned home. 

8. Alter this the Latins 
made war upon the Romans, 
under the conduct of Tarquin's 
son-in-law; against whom Post- 
humius being made dictator, 
he vanquished them in a me- 
morable battle at the lake lle- 
gillus. It is said the gods, par- 
ticularly Castor and Pollux, 
were present in this battle, and 
were seen to fight on white 
horses, ii* the year of the city 
25 3 Geio at that time reign- 
ed in Syracuse. 

9 Darius, also king of the 
Persians, endeavouring to rein 
state Hippias in his kingdom, 
m ide war upon Athens. Mii- 
tiades, general of the Athe- 
nians, quickly meets him at 
Marathon, with a small body 
oT men. Ten thousand Athe- 
nians encountered two hundred 
thousand Persians. Darius's 
army was routed and put to 
flight, in the year before the 
birth of Christ 490. 

10. Rome, delivered from 
foreign enemies, was well nigh 
ruined by intestine divisions. 



injicio, atque exuro ; si- 
mu! que rex, t recent i Ro~ 
manus idem ratio in ca- 
put is p&n'uro, denuncio. 
It a que Porsenna, pax 
cum Romanusj f actus, do- 
mus redeo. 



Latinus delude, dux 
Tarquinius gener,bellum 
Romanus infero ; coat ra 
qui, Posthumius dictator 
foetus, ad Incus Regillus 
i fs : gnis prcelium vinco. 
Fero deus, nem e Cas-or 
et Pollux, hie prmlium 
intersum, et ex alius e- 
quus pugno visus sum, 
annu urbs 255. Gelo 
turn Syracusx regno. 

Darius quoque, Persa 
rev, Hippias in pristiuus 
regnum rcsiituo conatus, 
Athenae, helium infero. 
Miltiades, Alhemensis 
dux, ad Marothon cum 
parvus manus celeriter 
occurro. Cum dvPenti 
Persa mille decern Aike- 
niensis mille dimico. Da- 
rius exercitus fususfuga- 
tusque,annus ante Chris- 
tus 490. 

Liberatus Roma exter- 
nishostis, intesiinus dis- 
cordiapene concido. Plebs 



Chap. VIH. 



EPITOMIZED. 



265 



The commons, harassed by the 
senators and usurer?, withdrew 
to the Sacred Mount on the 
other side of the Anio ; but 
were appeased by the persua- 
sions of Menenius Agrippa, and 
upon obtaining the protection 
of (he tribunes of the people 
againat the patricians, return- 
ed into the city. 

J ! . Martins Coriolanus, ha- 
ving been forced from the city 
by the spite of the tribunes, 
went over to the Volsci, and 
made war upon his country. 
He so broke the power of the 
Romans, that they were obli- 
ged to sue for peace, by send-, 
ing bis mother Veturia to him. 
Coriolanus yielded to his mo- 
ther's entreaties, and the Volsci 
were afterwards quite reduced 
by Spurius Cassius. But Cassius, 
after this, elated with his migh- 
ty success, and aiming at sove- 
reignty, was thrown headlong 
from the Tarpeian rock, in the 
year of the city 268, 

12. About the same time, 
Aristides, surnamed the Just, 
was Vanished Athens. But being 
soon restored, he assisted The- 
mistocles in the Persian war, by 
whose interest he had been 
expelled, sacrificing private 
wrong* to the good of his 
country. 

13 At Rome, the Fabian fa- 
mily, to ease their country of 
trouble, petitioned for the en- 
tire management of the Veien- 
lian war to themselves. They 

Z 



a pater acfenerator-vexa- 
tU$\ in Sacer Mans trans 
Anio secedo: sed Menenius 
Agrippa or alio delinio, et 
tribunus plebs presidium 
adversus Pater acceptas, 
in urbs remigro. 



Ma rtius Coriolanus, iri - 
bunus invidia ah urbs pul- 
sus ,ad Vo I sens sui recipib t 
et patria bellum infer o. 
Rom anus opts adeofrango 
ut Veturia mater ad is a- 
blegatus, pax peto cogo* 
Coriolanus materniis pre- 
cis cedo, et Volscus postea 
a Spurius Cassitis penitus 
debellatus sum. At Cas- 
sius exinde ma gnus suc- 
cessus elatus, et regnum 
affecians, de rupes Tarpe* 
tus proecipitatus sum ; an- 
nus urbs 268. 



Sub idem tempus Aristi- 
des, cognomentum Justus, 
Athena? exulo. Brevi au- 
tem rest i tutus, Themisto* 
cles,qui opera ejectus sum, 
Persicus bellum adjuvo^ 
privatus injuria patria 
condonatus. 

Roma Fabius gens, ut 
patria molestia liber o, hel- 
ium sui Veientinus ipse 
posco Veinfes s&pe vin~ 
co. Jam victrix ah ko$Hs 



US 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Ghap. VIH. 



defeated the Veientes several 
times. Being now victorious, 
they were almost utterly de- 
stroyed by a stratagem of the 
enemy, about 300 of the Fabii 
were cut off in one day. 

14. Xerxes* the son of Da- 
rius Hystaspis, heir to his fa- 
ther's crown and inveterate 
enmity to the Greeks, having 
built a bridge of boats over the 
Hellespont, and digged through 
Mount Athos, invaded Greece 
with an army of two millions 
of men. At the straits of 
Thermopylae, Leonidas king of 
the Spartans, with a handful of 
men made a dreadful slaughteF 
of his troops, till, spent with 
killing, he fell victorious above 
heaps of slain enemies. The 
Athenians, in the mean time, 
quitting their city, equipped a 
fleet of 200 ships. According- 
ly, Xerxes having found A- 
thens deserted, burnt it. But 
his fleet consisting of 2000 sail 
and upwards, being defeated 
near Salamis, and put to flight 
by the contrivance and valour 
of Themistocles the Athenian 
admiral, he marched off in great 
dismay towards Thrace, in or- 
der to cross the Hellespont : 
but finding his bridge broken 
down by the violence of the 
storms, he passed over in a fish- 
ing-boat, and continued in his 
flight to Sardis, in the year of 
Kome::63,and beforeChrist 4o0. 

lb. The year following, Mar- 
donius, who had been left by 



per insidice pene deletus 
sum, amplius 390 Fabii 
unus dies cado. 



Xerxes, Darius Hys- 
taspis Jilius, patemus reg- 
num atque odium in Grcc- 
cus hceres, jwictus na~ 
vis Hellespontus Athosque 
nwns perfossus, Grceeia 
cum 2000 armatus mille 
invado. Is Leonidas rex 
Spartiat.es j parvus manus, 
ad Thermopylae august ice., 
maximus infer o clades, 
donee ,c cede nd ran defatiga- 
tio, super strages hostis 
corruo victor. Athenien- 
sis interim, relictus urbs, 
classis 200 navis adorno. 
Xerxes igitur Athence va- 
cuus nacius inreudo. Sed 
classis duo mille navis et 
amplius, Themistocles dux 
Atheniensis virtus et con- 
silium prope Salami s fu- 
sus ac fugatus, trepidus 
Thracia versus discedo, 
ut Hellespontus trajicio : 
cum vcro pons tempestas 
vis solutus video, scapha 
piscatorius transmiito, fu- 
gioque continuo Sardis, 
annus Roma 263, et ante 
Christus 480. 



Sequens annus, Mar- 
donius qui cum 200 ar- 



Chap. VIII. 



EPITOMIZED. 



267 



Xerxes with 300 thousand men 
to prosecute the war, met with 
a mighty overthrow at Platea 
from the Greeks, under the 
conduct of Aristides and Pausa- 
nias. In the reign of Xerxes, 
flourished Herodotus the father 
of historians, about 600 years 
later than Homer. 

16. Quinctius Cincinnatus, 
called from the plough by the 
Romans to the dictatorship, de- 
livered the consul Minutias, 
who had been blocked up by 
the JEqm at Algidum, and 
caused the enemy to pass under 
the yoke. Cimon also, the son 
of Miltiades, having with the 
like good conduct vanquished 
the forces of Xerxes near Cy- 
prus, restored the Greek cities 
of Asia to liberty. Nor was 
Greece then illustrious for its 
generals only, but philosophers 
also ; for the same age produ- 
ced Heraclitus, Democritus, 
Anaxagoras and several others. 

17. At Rome about 300 
years after the building of the 
city, instead of two consuls, de- 
cemviri were created. They 
compiled a body of laws brought 
over from Greece, and parti- 
cularly from Athens. These, 
being inscribed on 12 tabjes?, 
were called the laws of the XII. 
tables. Within a (e\v years, 
by the lust of Appius Claudius, 
and the outrages of his col- 
leagues, the government revert- 
ed to the consuls. 

18. Artaxerxes Londmanus 



mains mille a Xerxes ad 
persequendus helium relic- 
tus sum,magnus ad Fiaiea 
calamitas accipio a Gra>- 
cus, Aristides et Pausani- 
as dux. Xerxes rexjloreo 
historia pater Herodotus, 
annus prope 600 junior 
Homerus. 

Quinctius Cincinnatus. 
ab aratrum ad dictatura 
a Romanus, vocatus, Mi- 
nutius Consul adA Igidum, 
obsessus ab AEquus,libero, 
kostisque subjugum mitto. 
Cimon quoque, Miltiades 
jilius, Xerxes copies, ad Cy- 
prus par virtus devictus, 
Graicus Asia urbs in liber- 
tas assero. JVec vero im- 
perator turn, sed etiam phi- 
losophies, Grcecia jloreo -, 
idem enim cetas Heraclitus 
Democritus, Anaxagoras , 
alius que complures, eff un- 
do. 

Roma, annus post urbs 
conditus circiter 300, pro 
duo consul, decemviri crea- 
tus. Hie lex e Grcecia, ac 
potissimum Athena?, peti- 
tus, conscribo. Hie quo- 
niam tabula duodecim 
mandatus sum, lex XII, 
tabula appellatus. Fauci 
annus, propter Appius 
Claudius libido, coll egaque 
impotentia, res ad consul 
redeo. 

Artaxerxes L<mgim,a- 



.268 



ANC1E3TT HISTORY 



Chap. Vlit 



granted leave to Nehenaiah, his 
cup-bearer, to rebuild the walls 
of Jerusalem, in the year before 
the birth of Christ 455. In the 
rei'^n of Artaxerxes, lived the 
famous naturalrsts Empedoclts 
and ParmeniJes, Hippocrates 
the physician, Po!ic!etus and 
Phidias, statuaries, jXeuxis, 
Panhasius, and Ti mantes, 
painters. 

19. About six years after the 
decemviral power was abolish- 
ed, military tribunes with con- 
sular authority began to be crea- 
ted at Rome. The censors too 
were then first made for hold- 
ing the census. Cornelius Cos- 
sus, a military tribune, having 
slain Toluminius king of the 
Veientes with his own hand, 
next after Romulus, presented 
the spolia opinio, to Jupiter Fe- 
retrius. 

20. The same years the 
military tribunes were created 
at Rome, the Peloponnesian 
war broke out in Greece, which 
spreading itself over all Greece, 
continued 27 years. Tuucy- 
dides, having been forced into 
banishment by Pericles, the in- 
cendiary of the war, wrote the 
history of it. 

21 A few years after the 
seat of the war was transfer- 
red into Sicily. The Atheni- 
ans, importuned for aid by the 
Catanenses, engaged in a war 
against the Syracusans, in the 
reign of Darius Notbus, king 
of the Persians. The first at- 



nus, JVehemias, pincerna- 
suns, potestas murus Hie- 
rosolyma reddendum far 
cio, annus ante Chrisim 
nctttcs 455. Artaxerxes 
regnans, Empedoc/e; et 
Pannemdes physicus, Hip- 
pocrates mediate, Pnhjcle- 
tus et Phidias statuarius, 
Xeuxis, Parr hashes, et Ti- 
mantes f pictor , claries sum. 
Sex fere annus postsub- 
latus decemviri potestas y 
tribunus miles consularis 
potest is Roma creo coepi. 
Censor quo que turn pri- 
mum ad census agendus 
creatus. Cornelius. Cos.- 
sus, tribunus miles, To- 
lumnius Veientes rex suus 
man us meatus, spolia opi- 
mus Jupiter Feretrius, al~ 
ter ab Romulus fero. 

Idem annus qui tribunus 
miles Roma creatus nim y 
bellumPolepoiinesiac us ex* 
ardeo in Grozcia, qui totus 
per vagatus Graicia,annus 
duro21. Is bellum Thu^ 
cydides, a Pericles, bellum 
excitator, in exilium ejec- 
tus, historia mando. 

Pauci inter jectus annus, 
bellum in Sicilia transeo. 
Atheniensis, Catanensis o- 
pis implorans, bellum ad- 
versus Syracusanus susci- 
pio, Darius Nothus rex 
Persa. Hie bellum prce- 
clam.is imtium, exit us A- 



Chap. VIII. 



EPITOMIZED. 



2b << 



theniensis calamitosu>. 
sum. Dux Atheniensis 
sum Alcibiades, JVicias, 
et Lamachus. 

Athence outem bonv? 
ars studium vigeo. Aris- 
tophanes, Cratinus, ei 
Eupolis, comicus poeta ; 
Sophocles et Euripides, 
tragicus ; Praxiteles sta- 
tuarius insignis ; Gorgi* 
us aliusque sophista 
quam plurimus ; et So- 



tempts of the Athenians in this 
war were rery successful, but 
the issue proved fatal to them. 
The generals of The Athenians 
were Alcibiades, Nicias, and 
Lamachus. 

22. But at Athens the stu- 
dy of the liberal arts was in 
high repute. Then flourished 
Aristophanes, Cratinus, and Eu- 
polis, comic poets ; Sophocles 
and Euripides, tragic poets ; 
Praxiteles the famous statuary ; 
Gorgias and other sophists in 

great numbers : and Socrates, crates, philosophus pa- 
the father of philosophers. But rensJumfloreo. Diago- 
Diagoras denying the existence ras autem, deus sum ne- 
of the gods, was banished from gans, At hence exulo, prce- 
Athens, a reward being offered m i um publice propositus, 
by the government if any one si uis is OCCi d . 

would kill him. Galhs g €no ^ Tar _ 

23. The Galli Senones, dur- quinius p r iscus fegnans, 
ing the reign of Tarquin.us hd%a . GaU{a 
Priscus, having driven out the 
Tuscans, had seized upon that 
part of Italy which was after- 
wards called Cisalpine Gaul. 
This people, incensed by Q,. 
Fabius the ambassador of the 
Roman people, at the siege of 
Clusium, a town of the Hetrus- 

ci, turned their arms against ma verto, is copice ad Al- 
the Romans, and having cut U a flumen ccesus urbs, 
off their forces at the river Brennus dux invado,cop- 
Allia, fell upon the city, uuder tus f errum fiammaque 
their leader Brennus, took and p pulor. Romaincensus 
destroyed it with fire and annus postquam cond itus 
sword. Rome was burnt in g^ 

the year 3b5 alter it was built. :..,.; 

24. About those times aca- Constmilts per is tern- 
lamhy of much the like nature pus Athence casus excipio. 
befef Athens. Lysander, gene- Lysander^Lacedamonius 

% 2 



Cisalpinus postea, dictus 
sum, Thuscus expulsus 
occupo. Hie, in oppug- 
natio Clusium, Hetrus- 
cus oppiduma Q. Fabius 
Ugatus populus Romanus 
irritatus, in Romanus ar- 



270 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. VIII. 



theniensis frango, ipse 
Athence capio murus di- 
ruo, et triginta vir res- 
publico, prapono ; qui in 
civis crudeliter grassans, 
a Thrasybulus, quartus 



ral of tbe Lacedemonian?, as- dux,opls Per sicus adjust - 
sifted by the power of Persia, ^ cum Conon victus,A- 
kaving vanquished Conon, and 
brought the Athenians very 
low, took Athens itself, demo- 
lished its walls, and appointed 
thirty commissioners to govern 
the state ; who tyrannizing 
cruelly over the citizens, were 

turned out by Thrasybulus, post urbs capius annus, 
four years after the taking of ejectus sum et libertas A- 
the city, and Athens restored thence restitutus. 
to its liberty. Sub idem tempusfloreo 

25. About this same time Qtesias C nidus, qui b el- 
bWisbed Ctesias of Cnidus, l um Curu- contra Artax- 
who having been taken pri- er£es Miemon Persa rex 
soner in the wars of Cyrus 
against Artaxer.xes Mneiuon, 
kmg of the Persians, was very 
honourably treated by the 
king on account of his skill in 
physic, and wrote the histo- 
ry of the Persians. At :he 

same time lived Arcnytas of tistheves.Ari-tippus, Xe- 
Tarentum, and likewise Antis- nophon, Plato, Isocrates, 
fhenes, Aristippus, Xenophoo, Socrates discipulus, exis- 
Plato, IsocrateSj disciples of So- to. 
crates. 

26. In those times flourished 
several famous generals: at A- 
then?, Iphicrates, Chabrias, 
Thrasybolos, and Timofbeus; 
amongst the Thebans, Peiopi- 

Uas, and Epajmnondas, a man nus PelopidaZtt Epan 
ot an illustrious character, not nundas, vir, non solum r es 
omy tor military glory, but militaris gloria, sed etiam 
likewise for his skill in phiioso- philosophy laus, et vita 
phy and integrity of life. imegriias. Mustris. 

At Home Camilius, crea- CamilIus,Romalictator 
or in his absence, ha- dbsens foetus, colhctus co- 
rd an army, advanced pirn, urbs advenio, Gallus- 
*Q the city, expelled the Gauls, que inde ahjicw, et unixer- 



capt us, propter medendum 
scientia, magnus in honor 
ab rex sum habitus, et 
Persa scribohistoria. I- 
dem tempest as Archytas 
Tarentinus, itemque An* 



Claras quo que per idem* 
tempos imperator existo ; 
Athena q\ hicrates, 

Chabricu. bulus, et 

Timotheus; apud Tneba- 



qfaap. VIII. EPITOMIZED. 27 

and utterly destroyed their sns is cxercitas penitus de- 

whole army. P»ome within a leo. Roma intra annus 

year, by the generous activity Camillas benejiciumnov us 

of Camillus, was reared up a urbs sto. Lucius Sextus, 

new. Lucius Sexlus, who, af- post Ion gus certa men, pri- 

ter a long dispute, was the first mus e plebs consul J actus, 

consul made from among the finis tribunus miles creattr 

plebians, put an end to the dus affero. P rator urba- 

creation of military tribunes, nut*, et JEdilis Curulis 



A city Praetor, and two Cu- 



duo creo. 



Epaminondasy Lacedce- 
monius rex Cleombrotus 
cum Exercitus ad Leuctra 
ccesus, ad Mantinea cum 



rule iEdiies, were created. 

28. Epaminondas, having cut 
off Cleombrotus king of the 
Lacedemonians, together.; with 
his army, at Leuctra, fell in bat- 
tle fighting with great bravery Agesilaus fort iter pugnans 
against Agesilaus, at Manti- each- Cum is Thebanus 
nea. With him fell the glory virtus occido. Lacedcemo- 
of the T hebans. The martial nius quoque laus bedims 
character of the Lacedemonian* concido, invectus a Lysan- 
likewise died, upon the intro- der dux, cum aurum ava-% 
ducing of gold, and along with ritia. 

it avarice, by their general Ly- 
sandtr. 

29. From the Greeks the 
martial spirit passed to the 
Carthaginians, who subdued 
Sardinia with their arms : and, 

having vanquished Dionysius, cuscc tyrannus superatus, 
tyrant of Syracuse, took seve- rnultus Siculus oppidum 
rai towns from the SjTacusans. adlmo. Haud ita multo 
Not long after, Dionysius being post, Dionysius interfectus 
kliied by his subjects, left the a suus, tyrannus Dionysius 
sovereignty to his son Diony- JUius relinquo ; is, ob sin- 
sius ; who being at last driven gularis nequitia demum a, 
from Syracuse for his unparal- Dion Plato auditor eje us 
leJed extravagance^ by Dion the Syracusce, ludus aperio 
disciple ot Plato, et up a school Corinthus ; docens etiam 
at Corinth ; whilst Isocrates, turn Athene?, rhetorica Iso~ 
Demosihenes's master, as yet crates, magister Demos- 
taught rhetoric at Athens. thenes. 

30, The arts of war in the Roma inierea ars beh 



A Gr&cus ad Carthagz- 
niensis bellicus virtus tran- 
seo, qui Sardinia arm a do- 
mo ; et, Dionysius Syr a- 



272 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. Vilf. 



mean time were in great lus- 
tre at Rome. T. Af a alius 
upon a challenge in the Gallic 
war, slew a Gaul of prodigious 
stature in the face of both 
armies, and was called Tor- 
quatus, from the chain which 
lie took, from the Gaul's neck. 
Valerius too killed a Gaul of 
like size, by the assistance of 
a raven, which perching on 
his helmet, had annoyed his 
antagonist with his wings and 
beak, and got the surname of 
Corvinus. 

31. Alexander the Great was 
born at Pella, a town of Mace- 
donia, in the year after the 
building of Rome 392, in the 
106th Olympiad, and before 
the birth of Christ 3o6; his fa- 
ther Philip, king of the Mace- 
donians, subdued the Illyrians, 
took several cities from the A- 
thenians and other Greeks, and 
would have made himself mas- 
ter of all Greece, had he not 
been opposed by Demosthenes 
the orator. Finally, beintr cre- 
ated general of Greece for ma- 
naging the Persian war, he was 
slain by Pau^anias, who-e ill 
usage he had neglected to re- 
venge., in the reign of Ochus, 
king of the Persians. 

3 l J. In the mean time, the 
war with the Sammies proved 
very grievous and lasting VVar 
was declared against the Sam- 
nites in favour of the Campani, 
who had put themselves under 
the protection of the Roman 



licuseaiteo. T. Alanlius. 
helium Gallicus Gall us ex- 
imius proceritas in oculu* 
uterque exercitus, ex pro- 
vocate, occido, et, ex tor- 
quis qui G alius cervix de- 
triho, Torquatus dicfu.- 
sum. Valerius item Gal- 
tus par magnitudo obtrun- 
co, corvus presidium qui 
in is galea insidens^hostis 
ala rostrvmque terreo, et 
cognomen Corvinus adi- 
piscor. 

Annus post Roma con- 
ditio 392, Oly?npias, 1 06, 
et ante Chris tus natus 356, 
in oppidumMacedoniaPel- 
/a, Alexander Magnus na- 
tus sum : qui Pater Philip* 
pus, rex Alacedo, Iilyrius 
subigo, multus de Atheni- 
ensis aliusque Groecus urbs 
capio, totusque Grcecia pg- 
titus sum, nisi Demosthe- 
nes orator adversarius ha- 
beo. Denique, ad helium 
Persicus administrandus 
Gratia dux creatus, a 
Paiisanias.qui injuria vin- 
dico negligo,interficiO) O- 
chus rex Persa. 



Samniiicus ,intenm,bel- 
lum existo sane grams ac 
diuturnus. Pro Campa- 
nus, qui sui in fides popu- 
lusRo, nanus trado, bellum 
Samnis indivfus, ac varie 
gestus swn.Laiinus bellum 



J 

j' 

y 

i 



Gbap. V1H. 



EPITOMIZED. 



273 



people and was carried on with 
various success. To it was cul- 
ded the war with the Latins; 
in which war T. jYlanlius Tor- 
qu ttus the consul beheaded his 
own son, for engaging the ene- 
my contrary to orders. In the 
same war Decius Mus, upon the 
Roman troops giving ground, 
devoted himself for the army. 
The ships of the Antiates taken 
during the war, were brought 
to Koine, and with their beaks 
the gallery in the Forum was 
adorned : whilst Diogenes the 
Cynic, and scholar of Antisthe- 
nes, also Aristotle, Xenocrates, 
Speusippus, disciples of Plato, 
taught in Greece. 

33. Alexander the Great in 
his youth studied under Aristo- 
tle, whilst yet very young he 
conquered the Thracians and 
Illyrians, destroyed Thebes, 
and received Athens upon sur- 
render. After this supported by 
the confederate arms of the 
Greeks and Thessalians, he 
passes over into Asia to the Per- 
sian war. He defeats Darius 
Godomannus king of the Per- 
fians, first at Granicus, and a 
second time at Issus. 

34. Moreover, Alexander ha- 
ving taking Tyre, invaded Ju- 
dea. But being received in a 
friendly mannerat Jerusalem by 
Jaddus the high priest, he of- 
fered sacrifices in the temple. 
Having made himself master of 
Egypt, he builds the city of A- 
lexandria, calling it by his ewa 



accedo ; qui helium T. 
Manila-* Tor\udtu& con- 
sul Jilius, quod contra e- 
dicium cum hostis pugno, 
se curls percutio. Idem 
helium Decius Mas, incli- 
fialus acies Romanus* sid 
pro exercilus devoveo. 
jYavis Antiates helium ca- 
pias, Roma suhductus sum 
atque is rostrum suggest- 
um in Forum extr actus 
adorno ; Diogenes Cy ul- 
cus, Antishenes. Aristo- 
teles, Xenocrates, Speusi- 
ppus, Plato auditor, do- 
csns in Grcecia. 



Alexander Ma gnus puer 
Arlstoieles opera do ; ado- 
It s centulusl UyriusThrax- 
queperdomo, Thebaz ever- 
to Atiienozin deiitio acci- 
pio, Indejunctus Thessa- 
his Grazcusque arma adju- 
tus, ad Persicus helium In 
Asia trajicio, Darius Co- 
domannus Persa rex, pri- 
ma adGranicus, iterum ad 
Issus supero. 



Alexander, porro, cap- 
tus Tyrus, Judoea invado* 
Sed Hierosolyma ah Jad- 
dus summus sacerdos ami- 
ce acceptus, in templutn 
victima immolo. JEgyptm 
potitus, Alexandria urbs 
a sui condituSj ex sum 
nomen appello. Denique^ 






274 



ANCIENT HISTORY Chap. VMI 



name. In fine, he passes the 
Euphrates, conquers Darius a 
third time at Arbela, and ha- 
ving taking Babylon, transfers 
the empire from the Persians to 
the Macedonians, in the fourth 
year of his reign, in the 112th 
Olympiad, in the year of Rome 
41 8, and before Christ 330. 



Euphrates transee, Dari- 
us iertio ad Arbela vinco, 
et, Babylon capt us, impe- 
riutn a Persa ad Macedo 
iraduco, annus regnum 
qu artus , Olymp ias 112, 
annus Roma 418, ei ante 
Christ-us 330. 



CHAP. IX. 



From the overthrow of the Persian empire to the 
defeat of Perseus, the lust successor of Alexan- 
der the Great in Greece, by JEmilius Paidus, 
when Rome became the mistress of the world : 
comprehending 1 63 years. 



THE Macedonian empire 
being thus erected, A- 
lexander marches into India, 
and, after conquering many 
nations returns to Babylon, 
where he died, in the 12th year 
of his reign, being 33 years 
old, in the year before the 
birth of Christ 323. In his reign 
flourished the historians The- 
opompus, Magesthenes, and 
Hecataeus. 

Upon the demise of Alex- 
ander many princes started up 
in the room of one. Ptolemy, 
the son of Lagus, called also 
Ptolemy Soter, reigned in E- 
gypt, Eumenes in Cappadocia, 
x\ntigonus in Asia, Lysimachus 
in Thrace, Seleucirs at Babv- 



MACEDONICUS 
imperium ita con- 
st itutus, Alexander in In- 
dia per go, et nmltus natio 
devictus y Babylon rever- 
ter: ubi, annus 33 natus, 
excedo e vita, annus reg- 
num 12, et ante Christies 
natus 323. Is regnans, 
Theopompus, Magesth en- 
es, et Hecaimus.kistoricusy 
Jloreo. 

Alexander mortuus 9 muU 
tus pro unus rex existo. 
Ptolemceusj Lagus jilius, 
PtolemmisSoier etiam die- 
tus, in AZgyptus, Eume- 
nes in Cappadocia, Anti- 
gonus in A sia. Lysimachus 
in Thracia, Sehucm Bn 



Chap. IX. 



EPITOMIZED. 



275 



Ion. Cassander having put to bylon, regno. Cassander, 

death Alexander's son, and his Alexander films ac mater 

mother Olympias, seized upon Olympias inter/edits, reg- 

the kingdom of Macedonia, num Macedonia occupOk 

At the same time Meander, Idemtempestas : M eander, 

the comic poet, Crantor, the dis- comicns poeta, Crantor 

ciple of Xenocrates, and Crates X.enocrates,et Crates Di- 

of Diogenes, Epicurus, and ogenes, discipidus, Epicu- 

Zeno, the father of the Stoics, rus, et Zeno, Stoicus pa- 

as also Theophrastus, were in reus, idemque Theophras- 

great reputation. tus, nomen habeo. 

3. About the time of Alex- Roma> sub Alexander 
ander's death, Appius Claudius mors Appius Claudius 
the censor, paved the Appian censor Appius via sterno. 
way at Rome. About the same Sub idem tempus bellum 
time the Tarentine war was Tarentinus, ob legatus 
kindled up, occasioned by their populus Romanics viola- 
insulting the Roman ambassa- tus, excitatus sum. Qui 
dors. In which war the inte- bellum, adversus Pyrrhus 
grity and courage of Curius Epirus rex qui Tarenci- 
and Fabricius, with respect to nus auxiliumvenio, Curi- 
Pyrrbus king of Epire, who had us et Fabricius integritas 
come to the assistance of the ac virtus eniteo. Curius 
Tarentines, were remarkably De?itatusdenique, Pyrrhus- 
eminent. Curius Dentatus devictus, Italia expello,et 
having defeated him in battle, Tarentinus ad deditio 
drove him at last out of Italy, compello annus ab urb$ 
and f reed the Tarentines to conditus circiter 483. 
surrender, about 483 years af- 
ter the building of the city. 

4. After the death of Alex- Post mors Alexander 
ander the Great, the regal go- M agnus, per spaiium fere 
vernment continued in Egypt 275 annus in Mgyptus 
for the space of near 275 years. 
Ptolemy Soter, the beginning 
of whose reign is to be compu- 
ted from the year before Christ 
304, for the successor of Alex- 
ander long disclaimed the titie 
of king, ruled 20 years, Ptole- 
my Philadelphus 38, Ptolemy 



regnatur Ptolemmis So- 
ter, qui regnuminitiwn ab 
annus ante Christus 304 
supputandus sum,Alexan- 
der enim successor a no- 
men rex diu absfineo, an- 
nus 20 impcro,Ptole<nmts 
Philadelphus38,Ptolem<B- 



Euergetes 25, Ptolemy Philo- usEuregetes25,holemau$ 



276 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



pater 17, Ptolemy Epiphanes 
24, Ptolemy Philometor 35, 
Ptolemy Physcon 29, Ptolemy 
Lalhurnus or Soter 36, Alex- 
ander 15, Ptolemy Auletes 14, 
Queen Cleopatra 22. 



Cljap. IS. 

Pkilopater 17? Ptolemceus 

Epiphanes 24, Ptolemceus 
PhilometorS 5. Ptolemaus 
us Physcon 39, Ptolemous 
Lathurnus sive Soter 36, 
At wander 15, Ptolemaus 
Auletes 14, Cleopatra re- 
gina 22. 

Aga th odes ,Sy racusce fy- 
rannus, a Pctnus obsessus, 
occulU cum c/assis trajicio 
in Africa : it a host is ad 
defeadendus patria axoco 
Pax cum Carthaginiensis 



5. Agathocles, the tyrant of 
Syracuse, being besieged by the 
Carthaginians, passes over pri- 
vately with his fleet into Africa ; 
by which means he drew off the 
enemy to the defence of their 
own country. Having made /actus, Sicilia imperium 
peace with the Carthaginian-, potior. Hie Hiero succe- 
he makes himself absolute mas- 
ter of Sicily. He was succeed- 
ed by Hiero, who, for his ^reat 
moderation, was honoured with 
the title of king, by the Syra- 
cusans. He gave occasion to 
the first Punic war with the 
Romans. 

6. About 495 years after the 
building of the city, the Roman 
people having subdued almost 
all Italy, passed over into Sici- 
ly, to succour the Mamertini 
their allies, against Hiero and 
the Carthaginians. According- 
ly the Romans under their ge- 
neral Appius Claudius, van- 
quished Hiero ; and, having 
worsted the Carthaginians, re- 
ceived several towns of Sicily 
upon surrender. After this C. 
Duilius first gained a naval vie- primus reporto. AIox, 
tory over the Carthaginians. Atiilius Rcgulus impera< 
The seat of the war was imme- tor, bell 
diately carried into Africa, un- transeo. 
der the command of Attilius Re- aliusque 



do, qui, propter summits 
mode ratio, rex a Syracu- 
sanus, appellants sum. 
Hie primus helium Puni- 
cus occasio Romanus do* 



Papains Romanus, an- 
nus post urbs conditus cir- 
citer 495, do m Hits totus 
pene Italia, ut Mar.ierti- 
nus socius contra Hiero 
et Carthaginiensis auxi- 
lium fero, trans mitio in 
Sicilia. Romanus igitur, 
Appius Claudius dux, 
Hiero vinco; et, Pee nits 
profHgatus, oppidiun Sici- 
lia complures in deditio 
accipio. C. Duilius inde 
victoria naval is de Pcenus 



n in Africa 
Is Tuiutum 
P&nus op- 



EPITOMIZED. 



277 



pidum captus, Carthago ob- 
sideo. Verum a Xaniippus 
Lacedaimoniiis dux : qui 
Parnus subsidium venio, 
victus, in potestas hostis 
venio. Roma postea Rcgu- 
lus ?nissus de paxpetendus, 
Romanus suadeo, ne pax 
cum Pcenus Jio. Ipse, ne 
datus hostis fides fallo y 
Carthago reversus, omnis 
cruciatus neco. Luctatius 
navalis 



Chap. IX. 

gulus. He having taken Tu- 
nis, and other towns of the Car- 
thaginians, laid siege to Car- 
thage. But being worsted by^ 
Xantippus, general of the La- 
cedemonians, who came to the 
assistance of the Carthaginians, 
he fell Jinto the hands of his 
enemies. Regulus being after- 
wards sent to Home, to nego- 
ciate a piece, advised the Ro- 
mans to make no peace with 
the Carthaginians. He himself denique consul 
returning to Carthage in conse- prcelhim Carihagimensis 
quence of the engagements he opis frango, paxque do, 
had came under to the enemy, Bellum primus Pumcus 
was put to death in the most cru- vigesimus quartus annus 
el manner imaginable. Finally, confectus, Janus templum 
the consul Luctatius humbled iterum clausus sum. Per 
the power of the Carthaginians idem tempos Marce/lus 
in a sea-fight, and granted them consul Viridomarus Insu- 
a peace. The first Funic war bres rex suus manus inter- 
being ended in the 24th year, fcctus, tertius spoliumopi- 
the temple of Janus was shut a mus Jupiter few. C. Fla- 
second time. About the same 
time the consul Marcellus, hav- 
ing killed Veridomarus king of 
the Insubres, witn his own hand r 
was the third that presented 
the opima spolia to Jupiter- C. 
Flaminius the censor paved the 
Flaminian way. 

7. In Greece, Arattis, Clean- 
thes, and Chrysippus, disciples 

of Zeno, Arcesilas too, and De- no auditor. Arcesilas quo* 
metrius Phabireus, the scholar que, et Demetrius Pha- 
of Theophrastus, left illustrious lereus,Theophrastus disci- 
monuments of their parts and pulus,prceclarus ingenium 
learning, during the reign of ac doctrina monumentum 
Ptolemy Philadelphus in Egypt, relinquo, regnans in JE- 
w furnished the famous libra- gyptus Ptolemwus Phila* 
ry av .wexandria; and in or- delphus, qui celeberrimus 

A a 



minius censor via Flamin- 
ius munio. 



In Grcecia, Aratus, Cle* 
anthes, et Chrysippus, Ze- 



en 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. IX. 



der to render it the more com- 
plete, procured the sacred books 
from Eleazer the high priest of 
Jerusalem, and caused them to 
be translated into Greek, in the 
year before Christ 277. In the 
mean time the Parthians revolt- 
ed from the dominion of the 
Macedonians. Arsaces was the 
first king of Parthia ; from him 
the other kings of the Parthians 
were called Arsacidae. 

8. The tranquillity of Rome, 
after the first Punic war, lasted 
scarce 24 years. Saguntum, a 
city in Spain, in alliance with 
the Roman people, having been 
destroyed by Annibal the Car- 
thaginian general, gave rise to 
the second Punic war. Anni- 
bal, leaving his brother Asdru- 
bal in Spain, marches over the 
Alps into Italy. Cornelius Sci- 
pio meets him at Ticinum; but 
narrowly escaped himself with 
the loss of his army. Flamini- 
us, with a more terrible stroke, 
is cut off with his army by An- 
nibal at the lake Thrasymene. 
Q,. Fabius Maximus checked the 
enemy's career a little, by wav- 
ing battle ; hence he was called 
Cunctator. But a signal over- 
throw was received at Cannae, 
a village of Apulia, by the rash- 
ness of Terentius Varro. So 
great was the number of the 
slain, that a bushel of gold 
rings, which had been taken 
from the hands of the Roman 
knights, was sent to Carthage. 



But the 



following 



year 



M. 



Alexandria bibliotheca in- 
struct ; et, ut sum cumula- 
tus, ab Eleazarus summits 
pontifexHierosohjmasacer 
liber impetro,et Grace ver- 
tendus euro, annus ante 
Christus211. Interea Par- 
thus a Macedo imperium 
deficio. Primus in Parthia 
regno Arsaces ; undecaite- 
rus Parthus rex Artacidai 
dictus. 

Roma, post primus bel- 
lum Purlieus, vix 24 annus 
realties . Saguntum. urbs 
in Hispania, amicus popu- 
lus Romanics, ab Annibal 
Pamus due deletus, secun- 
dus bellum Punicus princi- 
pium sum. Annibal, As- 
drubal /rate r in His pa n ia 
relicius, per Alpes in J- 
talia descendo. Is Cor- 
nelius Scipio ad Ticinum 
occur ro : sed omissus exer- 
citus ipse a>gre evado.Fla- 
minius deterior excitus ab 
Annibal ad lacus Tlirasy- 
menus cum exercitus ccedo. 
Q. Fabius Maximus hostis 
cunctandum non nihil re- 
primo ; unde ipse Cuncta- 
tor d ictus sum, Sed Te- 
rentius Varro temeritas in- 
signis ad Carina, Apulia 
vicus, clades acceptus. Cen- 
sus multitudo tantus sum, 
ut aureus annulus, qui 
Romanus eques manus de- 
tractus sum modius Car- 
thago mitto. At annus 
sequens 7 M.ClaudiusMar' 



Chap. IX. 



EPITOMIZED. 



279 



Claudius Marcellus, fighting a 
successful battle at Nola, made 
it appear that Annibal could be 
conquered. 

9. Hieronymus, the son of 
Hiero, king of Syracuse, had 
revolted to Annibal. Where- 
upon the consul Marcellus made 
war upon the Syracusans, and 
takes the city of Syracuse by 
surprise in the night, which had 
been long defended, no less by 
the inventions of Archimedes, 
than the arms of the citizens. 
The moderation of the conquer- 
or heightened the glory of the 
conquest. He spared the city. 
and the inhabitants. In fine, 
Laevinus made Sicily the first 
province of the Roman people. 

21. Cornelius Scipio, yet ve- 
ry young, is sent into Spain by 
the Romans. He takes New 
Carthage, and drives Asdrubal 
&ut of Spain. There too he 
struck up a league with Masi- 
nissa. But Claudius Nero cut 
off Asdrubal at the river Me- 
taurus, as he was going into 
Italy to join forces with his bro- 
ther Annibal, And Scipio pas- 
sed over into Africa, on design 
to draw off the enemy, who still 
.kept fast by Italy. He cuts off 
Hanno the general of the Car- 
thaginians with his army, and 
having conquered Syphax their 
ally in battle, took him pri- 
soner. 

IK In the 16th year of the 
war, Annibal was recalled into 
Africa by the Carthaginians. 



cellus, ad Nola, secundus 
pr allium f actus, do ceo An- 
nibal possum super o. 

Hieronymus, Hiero fili- 
us, Syracusce rex, ad An- 
nibal descisco. QnareMar- 
cellus consul Syracusanus 
bellum infero, urbs Syra- 
cuse, non minus Archime- 
des ingenium, quam civis 
arma, diu defensus, noctu 
de impro vis o capio. Victo- 
ria gloria augeo modera- 
tio victor. Urbs et civispa- 
rco. Lczvinus deniqueSici- 
lia primus populus Roma* 
nus provincia facio. 



Cornelius Scipio, adhuc 
adolescentulus , aRomanus 
in Hispaniamitto. Is Car- 
thago Novus capio , et As- 
drubal ex Hispaniafugo. 
Fcedus quo que ibi cumMa- 
sinissaferio. At Claudius 
Nero Asdrubal, in Italia 
ad conjungendus cum /ra- 
ter Annibal copies venienSy 
ad Metaurus flumen, op- 
primo. Scipio autem, ut 
h&r ens Italia hostis abstra- 
ho, transmitto in Africa. 
Hanno Pcenus dux cum 
exercitus cozdo, Sijphax is 
socius acies victus, capio. 



Annibal a Carthagini- 
ensis, annus bellum 16, in 
Africa revoco. Signum 



2SQ 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



He encounters Scipio ; being 
defeated, makes his escape from 
the battle, and giving up all for 
lost, flies into Asia. Carthage 
was entirely subdued in the year 
of Rome 560, ju^t 188 years 
before '.he birth of Christ. 

12. From Africa, Scipio got 
the Surname of Africanus, being 
the first that was dignified with 
the name of a vanquished na- 
tion He greatly honoured En- 
nius the Epic poet, with whom 
'he comedians Nasvius, Caeci- 
lius, Plautus, are reckoned 
nearly cotemporary. 

13. The peace with Carthage 
was succeeded by the Macedo- 
nian war, which was underta- 
ken for the Athenians their al- 
lies, and carried on with various 
success for ten years. At last 
this war was ended by Quinc- 
lius Flaminius, by the entire 
conquest of Philip king of Ma- 
cedonia, and liberty restored to 
all Greece, in the year of the 
city 552. 

14. After this Antiochus, 
jking of Syria and Asia, made 
war upon the Romans, at the 
instigation of Annibal. But An- 
tiochus being defeated both by 
sea and land, by L. Scipio, sued 
for peace : which was granted 
him on these terms : That he 
should quit Asia, and surren- 
der up Annibal : who, to pre- 
vent his falling into the h?nds 



Chap. IX, 

cumScipio confer o; victus 
e prozliumfugio,res desp- 
eratns, in Asiaprofugio. 
Carthago penitus subactus 
annus post Roma conditus 
560, ante Christus n'atus 
annus 188. 

Scipio ex Africa Africa- 
nus cognomen deporto .pri- 
mus no men devictus a sui 
gens nobilitatisldem. En- 
nuts poetaEpicus in honor 
habeo, qui Nxvius, Cceci- 
lius, Plautus, comicus, fe- 
re, cequalis numero. 

Pax Punicus helium Ma- 
cedonicus excipio, qui pro 
Athemensis amicus sus- 
ceptus, per decern annus 
varie gero Denique a 
QuinctiusFlami nius. Phi- 
lippus Macedonia rex de- 
bellatus, hie be! htm con- 
fectus sum, et Grcecia uni- 
versus liber tas restitutio , 
annus ab urbs conditus 
552. 

Antiochus deinde, rex 
Asia ac Syria, Annibal 
impuhus, b eUumRomanus 
infe ro . Ve ru m a Luciu s 
Scipio terra manque An- 
tiochus superatus,pax pe- 
to : qui hie conditio datus; 
Ut Asia excedo, et Anni- 
bal dedo ; qui, ne in hostis 
potestas venio, haustus ve- 
uenum inter 'eo, annus iwbs 
581. L. Scipio ex Asia 



of his enemies, swallowed poi- 
son, and died in the year of cognomen Asiaticus re- 
the city 581. From Asia, L. fero. Hie te?npus Livi- 



Chap. X. 



EPITOMIZED. 



281 



Scipio received the surname of 
Asiaticus. In those times Livy 
the writer of Tragedies was ac- 
counted famous. 

15. About the same time, 
M. Fulvius, having taken Am- 
bracia, the residence of Pyrrhus 
king of the Epirotes, conquered 
the iEtolians ; L. Posthumious 
Al bin us subdued the Lusitani, 
Appius Pulcher the Istri ; iEmi- 
lius Paulus reduced Perseus 
king of Macedon, the last succes- 
sor of Alexander the Great in 
Greece, and led him in triumph 
to Rome, in the year of the city 
581, and before Christ 167. 
Rome now began to be ac- 
counted the mistress of the 
world. 

16. Much about the same 
time, bloody wars were carried 
on in Judea by the Maccabees, 
against Antiochus and Deme- 
trius, with various success. 



us trag&dia scripfnr cla* 
rus habeo. 



Sub id&m iempus, M. 
Fulvius, captus Ambracia 
Pyrrhus fexEpirota secies, 
JEtolus domo ; L. Poslhu* 
mius Albinus Lusitanus, 
Appius Pulcher Ister subi- 
go; JEmilius Paulus,Per- 
seus Macedonia rex, ulti- 
mus in Grcvcia Alexander 
Magnus successor, debello, 
atque in triumphus Roma 
duco, annus urbs 581, et 
ante Christus 167. R oma 
jam terra orbis domina 
habeo ctvpi. 

1 demfere tempus ,atrox 
bellum in Judaea, a Mac- 
cab ceus contra Antiochus 
et Demetrius, varie gestus 
sum. 



CHAP. X. 

From the defeat of Perseus to the birth of Christ, or 
the beginning of the Christian cera ; including 
] 67 years. 

CARTHAGIN1EN- 
S1S, neglectus fee* 
dus, bellumque Masinissa 
Hiatus, tertius bellum Pw- 
nicus occasio do. Itaque, 



THE Carthaginians, disre- 
garding treaties, and ma- 
king war upon Masinissa, gave 
occasion to the third Punic war. 
Wherefore, by the persuasion 



Aa2 



282 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. X 



of M. Cato, a war is commen- 
ced against them. At last, 
feeing quite vanquished in the 
fourth year of it, by P. Scipio, 
ib«y surrendered themselves at 
discretion. Carthage was le- 
velled with (be ground, after it 
had stood above 70O years, in 
the year from the building of 
Rome 602. The same Scipio 
made Fansetius the philosopher, 
Poivbius the historian, Terence 
the comic poet, his intimate 
friends. These gentlemen in 
their old age were succeeded by 
Pacuvius and Accius, tragic po- 
ets, and Aristarchus the gram- 
marian. 

2. About these times the Co- 
rinthians had beaten the am- 
bassadors of the Roman people, 
and engaged the Achean to 
ioin them as confederates in the 
war. Whereupon L. Mummi- 
us the consul, having received 
Achaia upon surrender, destroy- 
ed Corinth, after it had stood 
952 years, in the year of Rome 
s02. About the same time Q. 
Fabiu* in a ^reat measure reco- 
vered Lasitania, which had been 
seized upon by Virialus '.tie rob- 
ber. P. Scipio too, 14 years af- 
ter the destruction of Carthage, 
razed Numanatia in Spain, with 
the same army which had before 
been often routed by the Nu- 
fiiantians. Of such importance 
was a general and di.-cip'ine. 

3. A bloody sedition, in 'he 
jne?.n time, hroke oui al iiorne. 
Tib. Sempronius Gracchus em- 



is, suasor M. Cato,bellum 
infero. Quartus demur, 
annus a P, Scipio debella- 
tus, deditio facto. Ca rtha* 
go solum cequo, cum jam 
sro annus amplius $eptin« 
gent'u annus a Roma con- 
ditus 602. Idem Scipw 
Pancetius philosophies, 
Polybius historicus, Teren- 
tius com icas poeta, famili- 
aris habeo. Hie senex 
succedo Pacuvius et Acci- 
us tragicus poeta,et Aris- 
tarchus grammaticus. 



Corinthus sub is tern- 
pus I eg at us populus Ro- 
manus pulso, tt Achaus 
sui helium socius adjungo. 
Itaque L. Mummius con- 
sul, Achaia in deditio ac- 
ceptus, Corinthus, cum 
jam annus 952 sto, deleo, 
annus Roma 602. Per 
idem tempus Q. Fabius 
Lusitania. a Viriatus la- 
tro oceupatus, magnus ex 
pars recipio. P. Scipio 
quoque. decimns quartus 
annus post Carthago ever- 
sits, Numantia in Hispa- 
nia ererto* idem exercitus 
qui a Xuniantinus s&pius 
fugaitts an tea sum. Tan- 
tum valeo dux et discipli- 
na. 

Roma, inter ea, atrox 
seditio ortus sum. Tib. 
Sem p r m ius Gracchus. A- 



C&ap.'X. 



EPITOMIZED. 



2S3 



broiled the state, by preferring 
the Agrarian law, forbidding 
any person to possess above 500 
acres of land. Whereupon he 
was killed in the capitol by Sci- 
pio Nasica. And not long af- 
ter, his brother C. Gracchus 
attempting the same, was slain 
by L. Opimius the consul, and 
together with him Fluvius Flac- 
cus, a gentleman of consular 
dignity. About the same time, 
Attalus king of Phrygia dying, 
made the Roman people his 
heir, in the year of the city 615. 

4 One Eunus, a Syrian, ha- 
ving broken prison in Sicily, and 
drawn together a vast multitude 
of slaves from th« country, gave 
the Roman commanders several 
great overthrows. At last, he 
was routed by P. Rupilius the 
consul, in the year of the city 
$17. Then flourished Lucius 
the satirist. 

5. After this the Jugurthine 
war broke out. Jugurtha, king 
of Nunaidia, and grandson of 
Masinissa, had dispossessed his 
brothers, the sons of Micipsa, 
of their kingdom. The latter 
implored the protection of the 
Roman people. Accordingly 
war is waged with Jugurtha; 
who being at last driven from 
his dominions by €. Marius, 
fled to Bocchus, king of Mau- 
ritania ; by him he was deliver- 
ed up bound to L. Syila Ma- 
rius's questor, much about Ae 
same time that Cicero was born, 
in the year after the building of 



grarius lex latus, ne qitis 
amplius quingenti agerjv- 
gerrum possideo . respubli- 
ca turbo. Itaque a Scipio 
Nasicain capitol ium ccpjIc. 
Nee multo post, C. Grac- 
chusf rater, idem conatus, 
a L Opimius consul ob- 
trunco, et una cum is Ful- 
vius F Ulceus consularis. 
Per idem tempus Attalus 
rex Phrygia moriens, po- 
pulus Romanus instiiuo 
hares, annus urbs 6 I b. 

Eunus quidam, Syrus, 
effractus in Sicilia ergas- 
tulum, contractusque ag- 
rees servitium ingens ma- 
nus, clades irnperator Ro- 
manus magnus et multus 
infero. Ad ultimum, a P. 
Rupilius consul prqfliga- 
tus sum, annus urbs 617. 
Vigens satiricus poeta Lu- 
cillus. 

Jugurthinus bellum inde 
exortus sum, Jugurtha, 
Numidia rex, Masinissa 
nepos, f rater Micipsa fi- 
lms, regnum ejicio. Hie 
populus Romanus fides im- 
ploro. Itaque Jugurtha 
bellum infero; qui deni- 
que regnum pulsus a C. 
Marius, ad Bocchus Mau- 
ritania rex confagio ; ab 
is L. Syllcij qucestor Ma- 
-riusyvinctus traclo. Idem 
fere tempus qui natus sum 
Cicero, annus post urbs 
conditus 843, M'irim 
coniviuatm per complurte 



284 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. X. 



rius lex per vis latus, se- 
natus in sui concito. I- 
taque concur sus in is Op- 
tbnates foetus, neco. I- 
dem pauJo post Livius 



the city 643. Marias, continu- annus consulatus, Cim- 
ing several years in the consul- bri, Teutones, aliusque 
ship, cut off the Cimbri, Teu- barbarus natio, in Italia 
tones, and other barbarous na- irrumpens, deleo. 
tions, who were breaking in up- 
on Italy. Novus interim turba 

6. In the mean tone fresh R oma exortus sum . Sa . 

disturbances broke out at Rome. d ■ - u •? 77 

t . . ., r ,, t annus tribunus plebs, 

Saturmus, a tribune ot the peo- L 7 7 . £ 

pie, a turbulent fellow, exas- h ? mo ^'bulentm,Agra- 
perated the senate against him, 
by forcibly passing the Agrarian 
law. Whereupon he was mur- 
dered in a concourse of the Pa- 
tricians rushing upon him. Soon 

after Livius Drusus, attempt- Drusus magnus opis co- 
in,; the same thing with a great- natu*, domus suits occi- 
er power, was assassinated at sus sum, 
his own house. 

7. After this the social war Socialis delude beUura 
was lighted up in Italy. The ardeo cap i Italia. Mar- 
Marsi, Picentes, Peligni, Sam- si,Picentes,Pcligni,Sam- 
nites, Lucani, and other na 
tions of Italy, finding they could 
not obtain the freedom of the 
city by gentle methods, endea- 
voured to compass it by force 

of arms. At last being con- Oenique a Cn.Pompei 

quered by Cn. Pompey, and us aausque impcrator 

other commanders, they sued domitus, paxpeto. Civi- 

for peace. Together with the tas idtro cum pax da'us. 

peace, the freedom of the city hi Judcea per idem tem- 

was spontaneously conferred on pus Ari-tobulus pontifex 

them. About the same time, maximus regius insigne 

Aristobuius the high pries! re-- accipio, annus post Zede~ 

eeived the ensigns of royalty in chias uliimus Judcea rex 

Judea, almost 482 years after prope 482. 

Zedekiah the last king of Judea. 

8. Mithridates, king of Pon- Mithridates rex Pontus 
tus, had dispossessed Ariobar- AriobarzanesCappadocia, 
zanes king of Cappadocia, and et Nicomedes Bithynia, 
Nicomedes, king of Bithynia rex, amicus populus Ro- 



nites, Lucani) aliu-sque 
populus Italia cum civi- 
tas impetro non possum, 
arma extorqueo tento. 

ei- 



EPITOMIZED. 



Chap. X. 

allies of the Roman people, of 
their respective kingdoms. War 
was declared against him under 
the conduct of L. Sylla. Upon 
this a civil war was kindled up 
in Italy : C. Marius envying 
Sylla, his old lieutenant, so 
large a field of glory, brought 
it about by means of SuJpitius, 
a tribune of the people, that the 
management of the war was 
committed to himself. Upon 
this head, Marius being for- 
ced from the city by Sylla, 
withdrew into Africa, Sylla, 
marching into Asia, fought A'ith 
great success against Mithrida- 
I tes. He recovered Bithynia, 
! Cappadocia, and Asia, in the 
year of the city 6o3. 

9. Marius in the mean time, 
by the assistance of L. Cirma 
the consul, breaks into Rome 
with an army. Sylla brings 
over his victorious forces out 
of Asia, and having vanquish- 
ed Marius's party, fills the city 
and Italy with slaughter and 
bloodshed, the proscription of 
citizens being then first set on 
foot. Sylla, a bout four years after, 
consumed of the lousy disease, 
died in the year of the city 671. 
10 Sertorius, a general of 
the Marian faction, had seized 
upon Spain, and concluded an 
alliance with Mithridates. Q,. 
Metellus and Cn. Pompey wa- 
ged war against him with va- 
rious success. At last Sertorius 
being murdered by his own 



280. 



manus regnum suns ex- 
turbo. Is belluniind ictus, 
dux L. Sylla. Ex is ci- 
vilis helium in Italia ex- 
citatus sum : C. Marius, 
tantus gloria seges Sylla, 
legatus olim suus invidens 
ago per Sulpitius ,tribunus 
plebs, utis helium siii man- 
do. Is ob res Marius urbs 
pulsus a Sylla, secedo in 
Africa. Sylla in Asia 
prof edits, adversus Mith- 
ridates bene pugno. Bith- 
ynia, Cappadocia, Asia } 
recipio, annus urbs 663. 



Inter -ea Marius, L. Cm- 
na consul adjuvans, Ro- 
ma cum copive irrumpo. 
Sylla victor exercitus, ex 
Aeia transporto, et profii- 
gatus Marianus pars, urbs 
et Italia strages compleo, 
proscnptio civis turn pri- 
mum inductus. Sylla, qua- 
tuor exinde circiter annus 
pcdicularis morbus confe- 
ctusjintereo, annus 671. 

Sertorius, Marianus pars 
dux, Hispania occupo, so- 
cietasque aim Mithrida- 
tes coeo. Contra hie Q. 
Metellus et Cn. Pompeius 
varius eventus pugno Ser- 
torius demum a sum eo 



?G6 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap. X. 



men, Spain was* recovered, in 
the year of the city 675. 

11. At the same time slaves 
and pirates raised disturbances. 
One Spartacus, with above 70 
gladiators, having made his es- 
cape from a fencing school at 
Capua, and drawn together an 
numerous body of forces, rout- 
ed the Roman armies several 
times. At last he was cut off 
by M. Crassus. And Cn. Pom- 
pey. afterwards called Pompey 
the Great, subdued the pirates, 
who, at the instigation of >li- 
thridates, infested the seas, in 
the year of the city 682. 

12. Mithridates having been 
reinforced with fresh succours, 
renewed the war in Asia. Lu- 
cullu?, after he had brought 
him very low by several battles, 
hemmed him in within Pontus. 
At the same time Metellus, ha- 
ving reduced the island of Crete 
under the dominion of the Ro- 
man people, was named Creti- 
cus. After this Cn. Pompey 
stripped Mithridates of his king- 
dom ; and admitted Tigranes, 
his confederate in the war, to 
a surrender ; taking from him 
Syria and Phoenicia. He re- 
duced Pontus into the form of 
a province, in the year of the 
city 634. 

13. Aristobulus and Hyrca- 
BUSj the sons of Alexander king 
of the Jews, disputing about the 
succession to the crown, Pom- 
pey came into Jiidea in the char- 
acter of an umpire, to decide 



cisus, Hispcmia recipio, 
annus urbs 675. 

Servus ac pirata idem 
tempestas turba commoveo 
Spartacus cum ampliasTO 
gladiator, Capua ludus e- 
lapsus.magnus copice, con- 
tract us, Romanus ex ercit- 
us non seme! /undo. Ad ex- 
tremum a M. Ci^assus op- 
prinio. Pirata quoque,qui 
a Mithridates soliciiatus 
mareinfesto, Cn. Pompei- 
us postea Pompeius Mag- 
nus dictusperdomo annus 
urbs6$2. 

Mithridates novus copiae 
instruct us, bellum in Asia 
renovo. Is Lucullus mul- 
tus preelium fractus in Poru 
tus compello. Idxm tempus 
Metellus, Creta insula in 
ditio populus Romanus re- 
dact us ,C ret icus appellatus 
sum Cn.inde Pompeius 
Mithridates regnum spo- 
lio : Tigranes, bellum so- 
cius, in deditio accipia: 
is que Syria ac Phceniee 
adimo. Pontics in, Proci- 
ncia forma redigo, an- 
nus urbs 684. 



Po mpei us, Ar is to b ulus et 
Hyrcanus, Alexander rex 
Judows filius, de reg- 
nun dissidens, in Judaea 
ad is controuersia tolleiv- 
dus arbiter vmio ; scd ab" 



Chap. X. 



EPITOMIZES. 



their difference ; but bein«- 
provoked by Aristobulus, be 
takes Jerusalem by storm, de- 
molishes the walls, entered the 
holy recesses of the temple, but 
meddled with nothing sacred. 
He made Judea tributary to the 
Roman people, and carried A- 
ristobulus with him to Rome, 
in the year before Christ 63. 

14. Whilst the Roman empire 
was extending itself over all 
Asia, Rome itself was well 
nigh ruined by an intestine war. 
L. Catiline having raised an 
army in Etruria, had entered 
into a conspiracy with Len- 
tulus the preetor, Cethegus, and 
other senators, to massacre the 
consuls and the senate, and set 
tire to the city. This conspi- 
racy was discovered and crush- 
ed by M. Tullius Cicero the 
consul, and Catiline cut off with 
his army by C. Antonius, in 
the year of the city 686. Ci- 
cero three years after was forc- 
ed into banishment by P. Clo- 
diu>, for having put to death 
the conspirators. But within 
16 months he was recalled 
with great glory. The same 
man was highly illustrious for 
his eloquence ; whilst M. Varro 
the philologist, Sailust the his- 
torian, Lucretius and Catuilus 
poets, were much esteemed at 
Rome. Caesar Augustus was 
likewise born this year. 

15. About the same time G. 
Julius Caesar attached Cn. Pom- 



281 

Aristobulus irritatus, Hie^oso- 
lyma vis capio, mvrus diruo 
in templum adytum ingressus, 
saeer nihil attingo. Judaea 
slipendiarius popnlus Roman- 
us facio, Aristobulus sui cum 
Roma ducoj annus ante Chris* 
tus 63. 



Dum impertum Romanus 

totusAsiapropago-, Roma ipse 
intestinus bellum pene delefus 
sum. L. Catilina, excrcitus 
in Etruria comparalus, cum 
Lentuluspmlor, Cethegus, ali- 
usque senator, de cades consul 
ac senalus, deque inflamman- 
dus urbs, conjuro. Is conjura- 
tio a M. Tullius Cicero consul 
pcdef actus el oppressus sum 
Catilina a C. Antonius cum 
exercitus casus, annus U rbs 
6S6. Cicero triennium post 
a P. Clodius, ob supplicium 
conjuratus, ejicio in ex ilium. 
Sed mensis 16 summus cum 
gtoria reduco. Idem eloquen- 
tia gloria fioreo ; cum M. Far- 
ro philologus,Sa!!ustius h istori- 
cus, Lucretius et Catullus po- 
et a, Roma in honor sum. Hie 
quoque annus Ccesar Augus- 
tas nat us sum. 



Sub idem tempus C. 
Julius Coesavy Cn. Pom- 



288 



ANCIENT .HISTORY 



Chap. X. 



pey to his interest by marriage, -peius Juliafiliainmatri- 
having taken to wife his daugh- •monium acceptus,affinitas 
ter Julia. He won over M. sui divincw. M. Crassus 
Crassus to himself and to Pom- et fompeius, et sui conci- 
pey. A combination of three Ho. Tres princeps conspi- 
leading men being thus formed, ratio sic /actus, Caesar 
the province of G^au* is decreed Gallia, Pompeins Ri>pa- 
toCtesar, Spain to Pomney, and nia, decerno, et Crassus 
the management of the Parthian helium Parthicus mando. 
war committed to Crassus. 

16. Crassus marching into Crassus in Asia prof ec- 
Asia, plundered the temple of tus ttmplum tiitrosoiymi- 
Jerusalem of its sacred treasure, a " Us ^cer pecuma spotty, 
fought the Parthians to great 
disadvantage, and lost his ar- 
my together with his son. At 
last he himself being trepanned 
under pretence of an interview, 
is slain by the enemy. 

17. But Caesar constrained 
the Helvetii to return to their i^patria situs compeUo ; 
country; overthrew Ariovistus Arwzistus Germanics rex, 
king of the Germans, the dis- 
turber of Gaul ; subdued the 
Aquitani, Gauls, and Belgae ; 
and conquered Germany and 
Britain. Meanwhile his wife 
Julia dying, Caesar's power ap- 
peared to Pompey and the se- 
nate exorbitant, and danger- 
ous to the state ; wherefore lie 
is ordered to disband his army. 
From those beginnings broke 
out the civil war, about 699 
years alter the building of the P oSt uros conditus circuer 
city. 6^9. 

18. Caesar marches with an Ccesar infestus Rama 
hostile army to Rome, enters ^g m en coniendo, in u, bs 
the city that had been abandon- n °bMtas vucuus ingress, ts f 
cd by the nobility, causes him- mm dictate* dic&\dus cm- 
self to be declared dictator, and . r0 $ ovarium compile, Inde 



ad versus Parlh%u male 
pugno, exerciius cum Jams 
annuo. Demiun ipse ^er 
species colloquium ab fW8- 
tis circumventus occido. 

Ccesor autem Hetvetius 



vtxaior uailuiy prujiigo ; 
Aquna/tus, (Julius, et t>cU 
ga subigo ; iitrmam& 
qaoqueei Jjjttanfka dome. 
Uxor J alia interim mor- 
tuus, Lcesar pot entia tu- 
rn ais et pericutosus res- 
pubiica, lOmpeius et sen- 
aius visus sum 
exerciius 



; itaque 
demiito jubeo. 
Ex hie initium worms 
sum helium cvaUu, annus 



t£iap. X. EPITOMIZED. 289 

pillages the treasury. After this Pompeius Italia pulsus, 
having forced Pompey out of Afranius et Petreius is 
Italy, be drove his lieutenants legatus expello Hispania, 
Afranius and Petreius out of ac Roma denuo rc-vertor. 
Spain, and returns again to Mox Pompeius bellum 
Rome. He passed over imme- persequens, trans mitto in 
diately into Greece, still prose- Graicia. Bellum ad Phar- 
cuting the war against Pompey. salia delatus, Pompeius, 
The seat of the war being car- interclusus conimeaius 
ried to Pharsalia, Pompey re- Ccesar, fames poiius 
solves to reduce Ccesar rather quam ferrum, vinco stch 
by famine, intercepting his pro- tuo. Sed nobilitas voo: 
visions, than by fitting him. — coactus, cum hostis con- 
But constrained by the pressing jligo, amissusque cxerci- 
instances of the nobility, he en- tits victus aufugio. Pom- 
gaged the enemy, and being peius in Mgypim profec- 
defeated, makes his escape with tus.Ptohnmus rex y ad qui 
the loss of his army. Pompey confugio,jussu neco, an- 
going into Egypt is slain by the nus cetas quinquagesimut' 
order of king Ptolemy, to whom octavits. 
he fled for protection, in the 
08th year of his age. 

19. Caesar arrived at Alex- 
andria in pursuit of Pompey ; 
and as he was endeavouring to 
settle the differences betwixt 

Ptolemy and his sister Cleopa- versia compono conor, ab 
tra, had like to have been cut idem rex pens oppressus 
off by that king ; but he set tire sum; sed classis suus, ne 
to his fleet to prevent its falling venio in hostis pptestas, 
into the hands of his enemies, incendo. Quiincendhan, 
By which flames that famous 
library of Alexandria, collected 
by Ptolemy Philadelphia, was 
burnt down. But at length after 
the conquest and death of Pto- 
lemy, he delivers up the king- 
dom to Cieopatra. 

20. After this he vanquished 
Pharnaces the. son of Mithri- 



CiBsar Pompeius settling 
Alex an dr ia appello ; e i 
cum Ftolemmis atque 
Cleopatra is soror contro- 



nobilissimus ille Alexan- 
dria bibliotheca, a Ptole- 
mams Philadelphia in- 
structus, conjiagro. At 
victus tandem extinctas- 
que Ptolemmus, regnuni 
Cleopatra trado. 

Pharnaces vide Mithri- 
datesjilius, qui inpopulus 



dates, who had broke in upon Ptomanm Jinis irrumpo, 
l}ie territories of the Roman primus impetus debcUo ; 

B h 



290 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



Chap.X, 



people at one push ; so that he 
seemed to have conquered the 
enemy almost before he saw 
them. Then he subdued Juba, 
king of Mauritania, who, at the 
{persuasion of Scipio and Cato, 
was renewing the civil war in 
Africa. Cato, that lie might 
not fall into the hands of Ca?sar 
dispatches himself at Uiica, 
whence he has been called Uii- 
censis. 

21. In the mean time war 
was levied in Spain, by Cneius 
and Sextus, the sons of Pom- 
pry the Great. Csesar goes 
'hither with his army, comes 
to a general action, overthrows 
the Pcmpeys at Munda, a city 
of Spain. Cneius was slain in 
a tower to which he had fled. 

22. The republican govern- 
ment being thus subverted, Cae- 
sar was declared perpetual dic- 
tator by the .senate. He refor- 
med the year by intercalary days 
according to the judgment of 
astronomers and called the 
month Quintilis, from his own 
name, July. After this, being 
elated with pride, he began to 
slight the senate, and aspire to 
sovereign power. Wherefore, 
in the fifth year of his dictator- 
ship, he was slain in the senate- 
house by Brutus, Cassius, and 
the other conspirators, being 
dispatched by three and twenty 
wounds, in the year of the city 
706, and before Christ 42. 

23. M. Anthony the consul 



prope tit ante vinco hostis, 
guam video, videor, Juba 
deinde Mauritania rex, 
Scipio et Cato auctor, ci- 
-vilis helium in Africa 
instaurans,devinco. Cato , 
ne inpotestes Ccesar venio 
Utica mors sui ipse con- 
scisco, ex qui Uiicensis 
sum appellatus. 



Interea in Hispania, a 
Cnieus ctSextus.PompieW 
Magnus filius, helium ap- 
paro. Eo Caisar cum exer- 
ius contendo, acres decer- 
no ; Pompeius ad Munda, 
Hi spania urbs, vinco, 
Cnieus in turris. quo con- 
fug io, occido. 

Respublicasic oppressus, 
Ccesar dictator perpetuus a 
senatus decretus sum. An- 
nus de mathematicus sen- 
tentia, intercalatus dies, 
corrigoet Quintilis men- 
sis suits no men Julius ap- 
pello. Proinde insolentia 
elatus senatus contemno, 
ac regnum affecto, ccepi. 
Ergo quintus dictatura 
annus, a Brutus , Cassius, 
cater que conjuratus in cur- 
ia23 vulniis confectus,inr 
tereo, annus urbs 706, et 
antechristus 42. 



M. Antonius consul, in. 



stirring up the people at Caesar's fiuius Cczsar plebs in pa- 



EPITOMIZED. 



Chap. X. 

funeral against the deliverers of 
their country, threw all into 
confusion ; he over awed the 
senate by an armed force, and 
seized upon Cisalpine Gaul. 
Whereupon war is resolved on 
against him by the senate, at the 
persuasion of Cicero. The con- 
suls Hirtius and Pansa, as like- 
wise Octavius, Julius Caesar's 
heir, and his sister's grandson, 
advanced to Mutina, at the 
head of three armies, and com- 
ing to an engagement with An- 
thony, obtained the victory. 

24. That victory cost the Ro- 
man people dear. The consuls 
being slain, the three armies 
subjected themselves to the 
command of Octavius alone ; 
who marching his forces to 
Rome procured himself the 
consulate from the senate by 
main force, being a youth about 
20 years of age. Anthony mean 
time had fled into Transalpine 
Gaul, to M. Lepidus, master of 
the horse, and clapped up a 
treaty with him. Octavius, 
created commander in chief by 
the senate in the war against 
Anthony, and Lepidus betrays 
his trust, and enters into an as- 
sociation with both. 

25. Accordingly the trium- 
virate being formed 130 sena- 
tors were proscribed by the 
triumviri; in the number of 
whom was Cicero. By these 
three men too the globe of the 
earth was divided, as if it 
had been their patrimonial es- 



291 



tria liberator concitatus, 
turbo omnis : arma sena- 
tes opprimo, Gallia Cis- 
alpiaus invado. Itaque 
bell urn contra is a sena- 
tus, Cicero auctor, de- 
cerno. Hirtius et Pansa 
consul, itemque Octa- 
vius, Julius Ccvsar soror 
nepos, ac hwrcs, cum trcs 
exercitus ad Mutina pro- 
ficiscor et signum cum 
Antonius collatus, victo- 
ria refero. 

Magnum is victoria 
populus Ilomanus sio. 
Consul occisus, excrcnus 
tresunus Octavius pare a ; 
qui, copice Roma adduc- 
tus, consulaftts a sena- 
tus, adolescens annus 20 
natus, extorqueo. An- 
tonius interim, in Gallia 
Transalpinus, ad M. 
Lepidus magister equ- 
es, confugio, et cum is 
societas ineo. Octavius, 
bellum contra Antonius 
et Lepidus a senatus 
propositus Jides pro do, 
amicitiaque cum uierqiie 
jungo : 

Triumviraius igitvr 
institutus, 130 senator a 
triumviri proscripius ; ex 
quinumerus Cicero mm. 
Orbis terra quasi patri- 
monium a triumviri quc- 
que divisus. Oriens et 
Grcccia Antonius, Africa 



252 



ANCIENT HISTORY 



fete. The East and Greece fell 
to Anthony, Africa to Lepidus, 
Italy and the West to Octavius, 
Sicily was allotted to Sextus 
Pompey, who was master of 
a very powerful fleet ; then 
flourished Diodorus Siculus the 
historian. 

26. Octavius having been 
adopted into the family of Cae- 
sar, was called Caesar Octavia- 
nus. Octavianus and Anthony 
now publicly declaring them- 
selves the avengers of Caesar the 
dictator, began to levy war a- 
^-ainst M. Brutus and C. Cassius. 
A battle was fought at Pbiiippi, 
a city ofThes?a!y. Brutus and 
Cassius being defeated laid vio- 
lent hands on themselves. Sex- 
tus Pompey, warring against Oc- 
tavianus, was vanquished in a 
sea-fight by his admiral M. A- 
grippa, and fled into Asia, where 
he died soon after in the feign 
of Herod, king of Judea. 

27. Anthony having divor- 
ced Octavia, the sister of Cae- 
>nr Octavianus, had married 
Cleopatra, queen of Egypt ; 
and, in order to make her mis- 
press of the world, made war 
npon Octavianus: a naval en- 
gagement ensuing at Actium, 
Octavianus gained the victory, 
and pursuing the enemy, laid 
siege to Alexandria. Anthony 
thinking his affairs desperate, 
dispatches himself; Cleopatra 
imitating him, died by the poi- 
son of an asp in the year of the 
city 719, 



Lepidus ,Italia et Occiiens 
Octavius, obvenio. Sextus 
Pompeius, qui classis pho- 
rimum valeo, Sicilia as- 
signatus sum; Diodoms 
Siculus historicus turn vi+ 
gens. 

Octavius infamilia Cce- 
sar adoptatus, Ccesar Oc- 
tavianus dictus sum Oc- 
tavianus et Antonius sni 
Caesar dictator ultor nunc 
proftens, M. Brutus et C. 
Cassius bellum persequor 
ccepi. Ad Philippi, Thes- 
salia urbs pugnatur. Bru- 
tus et Cassius victus, ma- 
nus sui offer o. Sextus 
Pompeius cum Octavianus 
cuntendens, a M. Agi ippz 
is dux,navalis prcelium su- 
peratus, in Asia profugio, 
ubi paulo post mors obeo } 
Herodes rex Judwa. 

Antonius, Octavia Cce- 
sar Octavianus soror rep- 
udiatus, Cleopatra Mgxjp- 
tus regina in matrimoni- 
um duco ; qui ut orbis 
terra domina constituo, 
Octavianus : bellum in- 
fero : commissas apud 
Actium prcelium navalis, 
Octav i anus victoria par io , 
et, hostis insecutus, Alex- 
andria obsideo. Antonius ^ 
res desperaius,sui manus 
offer o ; is imitatus Cleo- 
patra, aspis venerium inte* 
reo } annus urbs 719- 



Chap. X. 



EPITOMIZED. 



293 



23. Ca?sar Octavianus, in the 
12th year after the triumvirate 
was set on foot, being now lord 
of the world, had the title of 
Augustus bestowed on him by 
the senate. He gave bis name 
to the month of August, which 
before was called Sextilis. Ha- 
ving procured peace by sea and 
land, he shut the temple of Ja- 
nus for the third time. He 
had an affectionate regard for 
the poets Virgil and Horace ; 
showed great esteem for the 
historians T. Livy and Strabo. 
He banished Ovid irto Pon- 
tus. Their cotemporaries were 
Quintus Curtius the historian, 
Tibullus and Propertius poets. 
Caesar Augustus reigned 12 
years in conjunction with the 
triumviri, and 44 alone. He 
died at Nola, in the 76th year 
of his age, and of the city 762 \ 
leaving Rome, as he himself 
boasted, reared of marble in- 
stead of Wicks* 

29. In the year of the world 
4004, in the year of Borne 748, 
in- the 194 Olympiad, and 14 
years before the death of Au- 
gustus, JESUS CHRIST, the 
eternal Son of God, was born of 
the Virgin Mary, sent from 
heaven to expiate the divine 
wrath ; who, at 33 years of 
age, being crucified by the Jews, 
made an atonement for the sins 
of men with his own blood in 
the i 9th year of the reign of 
Tiberius Caesar. 

B b 



Ca'sar Octavianus, an- 
nus post triumviratus in- 
stilus 12, res potitus, Au- 
gustus a senaius appella- 
tus sum. Augustus men- 
sis qui antea Sextilis di- 
cognomen do. Pax terra 
mareque partus^ Janus 
tertio clauda. Virgilius 
et Horatius poeta com- 
plexus sum ; T. Livius 
et Strabo historicus, in 
honor habeo. Ovidius in 
Pontus relego. Hie squa- 
lls Q. Curtius historicus 
Tibullus ac Propertius 
poeta, sum. Cccsar Au- 
gustus annus regno cum 
triumviri 12, solus, 44, 
Mors obeo Nola, annus 
(Btas 76, et urbs 162 ; Ro- 
ma, ut ipse glorior e la- 
teritius marmoreus reli?i* 
queiis. 



Annus mundas 4001, 
annus Roma, 748. Olym- 
pias 194, et annus ante 
excessus Augustus 14," 
IESUS CHRISTUS, cz- 
iurnus Deus Films 9 e 
M aria'Virgo editus sum, 
e caelum missus piaculum 
ccclestis ira: qui, 3 3 annus 
natus, a Judceus in crux 
actus, suus sanguis status 
humanus hto annus impe- 
rium Tiberius Ca'sar 1 9. 



HISTORICAL 

AND 

CHRONOLOGICAL 

QUESTIONS, 

ADAPTED TO TF*E ANCIENT HISTORY. 



I. HOW many years from the creation to the deluge ? 
In how many days did God create the world? Who was 
the first man and first woman ? Who were their sons ? 
What their occupations ? Which of them slew his 
In-other ? What was the character, and what the inven- 
tions of their posterity ? When was the world created ? 
1. Who was Pmoch ?-. When did he flourish ? What be- 
came of him ? Who was his son ? How long did his 
son live? What was the usual length of human life at that 
time ? Whence sprung the race of the giants ? 3. Why 
did God destroy the old world by a deluge ? When hap- 
pened the deluge ? How high did the waters rise? Who 
were saved from the deluge, and by what means ? By 
whom was the earth peopled after the flood ? 

II. How many years from the deluge to the calling of 
Abraham ? By whom was the tower of Babel founded ? 
On what design, and when ? Why was* the building laid 
aside ? Who was the first king of Babylon ? 2. What 
was the state of Egypt in the time of Nimrod ? What 
the names of the dynasties ? For what were the Egypt- 
ians at this time renowned ? Who, according to the 
Egyptians, first taught music, letters, religion, &c. ? 
Who invented physic and anatomy ? Who reigned first 
in Egypt ? Who was the most famous among their prin- 
ces ? What were his achievements ? Who were the kings 
that assumed the name of Pharaoh ? 3. Whose son was 
Ninus ? Why is he said to be the author of idolatry ? 
What w T ere his chief actions '! Where and how long is 
he said to have reigned ? Who founded Nineveh 



HISTORICAL, kc. 2^ 

4* Whose queen was Semiramis ? What were her ex- 
ploits, and the length of her reign ? 5. Whose son was 
Ninyas ? What was his character ? What the character 
of his successors ? Who was the last of them, and what 
was his end ? How long is the Assyrian monarchy said to 
have lasted ; and is this account of it thought to be genu- 
ine ? 6. Who was Abraham ? When was he called by God ? 
What the history of his life ? 7* When flourished the 
Titans ? Who was the eldest of them ? Why was Jupiter 
esteemed a god ? Why was Neptune called god of the 
sea, and Pluto the god of hell. 

III. How many years from the vocation of Abraham 
to the departure of the Israelites from Egypt ? Whose 
son was Isaac ? When was he born ? Who was his wife ? 
Who were his sons ? Who were Jacob's wives ? Who 
his sons ? What other name did Jacob obtain ? What is 
the story of Joseph ? When, and upon what invitation did 
Jacob and his family go down to Egypt? 2. Who was 
Inachus ? When did he flourish? Who was his son ? And 
what is recorded of him ? Who were the children of Ju- 
piter ? When did they flourish, and for what were they 
famous ? Who was Ogyges ? For what was his reign re- 
markable ? By whom was Sparta built, and when ? Who 
was Argus? What city did he found? Why said to 
have had 100 eyes ? When lived Job, and for what famed ? 
3. Who were Prometheus and Atlas ? Why is promethe^ 
us said to have made a man of clay ? Why represented as 
chained to Caucasus ? Why said to have stolen fire from 
heaven ? Why is Atlas said to sustain heaven on his shoul- 
ders ? 4. Who was Moses, and when was he born ? How 
educated ? By whose assistance, by what means, and when 
did he bring the Israelites out of Eg}pt ? 5. What mi- 
racles attended the Israelites in their travels from Egypt, 
and through the deserts ? Who was their high-pr est ? 
Where was the law given ? What was the number of their 
army in the 40th year of their Journeying? How many of 
those who had come out of Egypt were then alive ? What 
became of Moses I Who was his successor ? 6. By whom 
was Athens founded, and when ? Who was Mercury ? 
When did he flourish? What was he the author of? 
Where reigned Deucalion? Who was his wife ? For 
what were they renowned ? f • What is the story of phae- 



296 HISTORICAL 

ton ? Who was Oenotrus ? What were his achieve- 
ments ? who were the Aborigines ? Whence the name 
Italy. 

IV. How many years from the Exod to the excision of 
Troy ? What the history of Joshua and his wars ? When 
came he and the Israelites to the possession of Canaan ? 
2. What the story of Danaus ? What is recorded of Or- 
cus and Proserpina ? What the story of Jupiter and Eu- 
ropa, and who were her sons ? What the Areopagites ? 
Who was Busiris ? 3. Who was Othniel, and when did 
he cut off the king of Mesopotamia ? What the story of 
Ehud ? For what was Deborah renowned ? When was 
Sisera slain, and by whom ? 4. What account give histo- 
rians of Trismegistus, of Janus, of Cadmus, of Rhada- 
manthus, of Minos and of Acrisius ? 5. What is said of 
Amphion, of Bacchus, of Perseus, of Pelops, of Niobe, and 
of Dardanus ? Whence the name of Troas ? 6 What the 
history of Saturn ? What is said of the Pelasgi ? What 
the story of Siculus ? Who were Saturn's successors ? For 
what is the wife of Faunus renowned? 7« Who was Gi- 
deon ? How and when did he defeat the Midianites ? Who 
was Abimelech, and what is said of him ? 8. Who 
were the Argonauts, and what their history? What is 
meant by the Golden fleece ? Whence, whither, and when 
was it carried off? 9. Who was Theseus, and what his 
adventures with respect to the Minotaur and Centaurs ? 
10. Who were the Amazons, and by whom conquered ] 
What is further said of Hercules- and Theseus ? 11. Who 
were the sons of Pelops, and what their history ? What 
the story of Oedipus ? Who were his sons, and what is 
said of them I 12. When flourished Jephtha, and what 
his story ? 13. What occasioned the Trojan war ? When 
was Troy destroyed ? 

V. How many years from the destruction of Troy to 
the dedication of the temple at Jerusalem ? What the 
adventures of .Eneas ? 2. What the history of Samson 
How, and when did he die ? 3. Who founded, and who 
were the kings of Alba Longa ? 4. VVhen, and by whom 
was Saul anointed king of Israel ? How long was Israel 
under judges ? 5. What the story of the Heraclidse ? 
When happened their return ? G. When came Saul to 



QUESTIONS. 2a? 

the throne ? How, and how long did he reign ? By what 
means, and when did David obtain the kingdom ? 7« 
What the character of king David ? How long did he 
Feign ? 8. Who was Codrus ? What his story ? Who 
was the first Archon at Athens ? 9. How long reigned 
Solomon ? When did he dedicate the temple ? What 
was his character ? When flourished Homer ? 

VI. How many years from the dedication of the tem- 
ple to the building of Rome ? What occasioned the 
dismembering of the Hebrew monarchy ? How long did 
Rehoboam reign ? Who was his successor ? 2. How 
long reigned Abijah ? How long Asa ? What his cha- 
racter ? In his reign who were kings of Latium and Is- 
rael ? What Jehoshaphat's character ? How long his 
reign ? Who was then king of Samaria ? Who the emi- 
nent prophet ? What the story of Tiberinus ? 4. What 
Jehoram's character ? How long his reign ? How long 
reigned Ahaziah ? Who was then king of Latium ? 5. 
How long reigned Joash ? What the fate of Romulus 
Sylvius ? What the story of Aventinus ? 6. How long 
reigned Amaziah ? Who was Lycurgus ? What his his- 
tory? How long reigned Uzziah? 7. What is related 
of Elka or Dido ? When was Carthage founded ? What 
is said of Bocchorus ? 8. What were the Olympic games ? 
By whom instituted ? By whom and when revived ? When 
died Hesiod ? 9. What Jotham's character ? how long 
his reign ? Who was Theopompus ? What his history ? 
10. What are we told of Amulius ? What the history of 
Romulus and Remus ? When was Rome built ? 

VII. How long from the building of Rome to the lib- 
eration of the Jews by Cyrus ? What the achievements of 
king Romulus ? How long reigned he ? 2. By whom, 
and when was the Assyrian empire founded ? How long 
did it subsist ? Who were the Assyrian monarchs, and 
what remarkable in their reigns ? When and by whom 
was this empire overturned ? 3. By whom, and when was 
the Babylonian empire founded ? How long did it subsist I 
Who were the Babylonian monarchs, and what remarkable 
in their reigns ? When and by whom was this empire 
overturned ? 4. By whom, and when was the empire 
of the Medes founded ? Who were their kings, and what 
memorable in their reigns ? When, and by whom was 



298 HISTORICAL 

this empire overturned ? When came So or Sabacus to 
the throne of Egypt ? Who were his successors for the 
two following centuries ? 6. When, and by whom were the 
ten tribes carried captive ? What is recorded of Tobias ? 
Who was then king of Judah ? What eminent prophet 
then flourished ? 7. What is the history of Numa Pompil- 
ius ? How long did he reign? 8. Who was Mannasseh, 
and when did he reign ? What is recorded of Judith ; 
What do historians say of Gyges ? 7« What the history of 
Tullus Hostilius ? How long did he reign ? What the 
fate of Amnion ? 10. What the history of Ancus Martius ? 
How long his reign? What the fate of Josiah ? What' 
prophet then flourished? 11. what the history of Tar- 
qutnius Priscus ? How long reigned he ? 12. when 
flourished Draco ? what the nature of his laws ? what 
was said of them ? 13. who reigned in Judea after Jo- 
siah ? when and by whom was Jerusalem burnt ? what 
became of the people ? 14. when flourished the wise 
men of Greece? what is recorded of Solon? 15. what 
were the principal transactions in the reign of Servius 
Tullius ? how long his reign? l6. ^what tyrants flouish- 
ed about this time ? what wise men ? what poets ? 17. 
what the history of Cyrus ? when were the Jews libe- 
rated ? what is said of Daniel ? 18. How, and when died 
Cyrus ? where was he buried ? How long subsisted the 
Persian empire ? who were the Persian monarchs ? 
VIII. How many years from the liberation of the Jews 
to the overthrow of the Persian empire ? what the history 
of Tarquinius Superbus ? when and for what was he ex- 
pelled ? what was the number of the Roman kings, and 
how loug subsisted the regal authority ? 2. what kind of 
government succeeded at Rome ? who were the first con- 
suls ? How did Brutus show his zeal for liberty ? 3. what 
the heroic conduct of Harmodius ? 4. what the story of 
Cambyses ? what the fate of Smerdis ? 5. How was Da- 
rius Hystaspis chosen king of the Persians? 6. what fa- 
vour showed Darius Hystaspis to the Jews ? By what 
means did he recover Babylon ? 7. what efforts did Tar- 
quinius Superbus use in order to be restored ? what the 
story of Codes, of Clelia, and of Mutius ? what course 
did Porsena at last take ? 8. what the history of the battle 



QUESTIONS. £80 

at the lake Regillus ? When was it fought ? Who then 
reigned at Syracuse ? 9. What the history of the battle 
of Marathon ? When was it fought? 10. What occasion- 
ed the secession of the commons at Rome ? How were 
they appeased ? 11. What the story of Coriolanus ? What 
the victory of Cassius ? Why, how, and when was he put 
to death ? 12. What is most memorable in the life of 
Aristides ? 13. What the story of the Fabii ? 14. What 
the history of Xerxes's expedition against Greece? In 
what year did it happen ? 15 who gained the victory in 
the battle of Platea ? Who was Herodotus, and when did 
he flourish ? 16. What the story of Q. Cincinnatus ? By 
whom were the Greek cities of Asia restored to liberty ? 
What philosophers at this time made a figure ? 17- When 
were the Decemviri created ? what remarkable thing did 
they do ? Why were they deposed ? What kind of gov- 
ernment ensued? 18. What favour did Artaxerxes show 
to the Jews, and when ? What men of genius were at 
this time illustrious ? 19. When were the military tri- 
bunes with consular authority created at Rome ? When 
the censors ? What the achievements of Cornelius Cos- 
sus ? 20. When broke out the Pelopponesian war ? How 
long did it last ? Who wrote the history of it ? 21. Who 
were the Athenian generals in the war against ithe Syra- 
cusians ? When did this war happen? How did it turn 
out? 22. What men of learning and genius flourished at 
this time ? What is recorded of Diagoras ? 23. What the 
history of the Galli Senones ? What provoked them to 
burn Rome ? When did this happen ? 24. What happened 
to Athens about this time ? By whom, and when were the 
tyrants turned out ? 25. What is recorded of Ctesias of 
Cnidus? What other famous men were his cotempora- 
ries ? 26. What famous generals flourished at this time ? 
What the character of Epaminondas ? 27. What the 
achievements of Camillus ? who was the first plebeian 
consul ? 28. What the achievements of Epaminondas, and 
where was he slain ? To what is the decay of the martial 
spirit among the Lacedemonians ascribed ? 29. What 
conquests did the Carthagenians about this time make ? 
What the fate of Dyonisius, father and son? How was 



M HISTORICAL 

Tssocrates now employed ? 30. What the exploit of T. Man- 
lius ? what the story of Valerius ? 31. Where, and when was 
Alexander the Great born ? what the conquests of his fa- 
ther Philip at this time ? who obstructed the progress of 
ins arms ? By whom was he slain ? who was then king of 
the Persians ? 32. what wars were the Romans at this 
time engaged in ? what the story of Manlius Torquatus ? 
what are we told of Decius Mus ? what use did the Ro- 
mans make of the ships of the Antiates ? what men of 
letters flourished then ? 33. Who was preceptor to Alexan- 
der the Great ? what his conquests till the battle of Issus ? 
34. what his other wars and adventures till he overturn- 
ed the Persian empire ? when did this happen ? 

IX. How many years from the overthrow of the Per- 
sian empire to the defeat of Perseus ? what conquest* 
did Alexander make after erecting the Macedonian em- 
pire ? where, and when did he die ? what historians of 
note flourished in his reign ? 2. how was Alexander's great 
empire divided? what men of letters now made a figure ? 
3. when, and by whom was the Appian way paved at 
Rome? what the history of the Tarentine war? when 
was it ended ? 4. how long did the successors of Alexander 
reign in Egypt ? who were these princes, and how long 
did each of them reign ? 5. what the history of Agatho- 
cles 1 what the character of Hiero ? 6. when broke out, 
and what occasioned the first Punic war ? what the his* 
tory of It, and how long did it last ? what the notable 
exploit of Mercellus? what perpetuates the memory of 
C. Flaminius ? 7. what men of learning flourished in the 
reign of Ptolemy Philadelpus ? what pains did Ptolemy 
take to furnish his library at Alexandria who was the 
first king of the Parthians ? 8. How long from the first 
to the second Punic war? who gave rise to the second 
Punic war? what the history of it in Italy? 9- what suc- 
cess had the Romans in Sicily ? 10. what feats perform- 
ed Cor. Scipio in Spain and Africa ? what become of As-r 
drubai ! 11. when was Annibal recalled from Italy ?what 
measures did he then take? when was the war ended? 
12. what honour was conferred on Cor. Scipio ? what is 
recorded with respect to the j)oet Ennins ? who were his 



-J 



QUESTIONS. 301 

eotemporaries ? 13. What the history of the Macedonian 
war? How long did it last? When was it ended? 14 
What the history of the war with Antiochus ? How, and 
when died Hannibal? What poet now flourished? 15. 
What other wars were the Romans engaged in at this 
time ? Who was Perseus ? When was he conquered ? 
16. What wars in Judea at this time ? 

X. How many years from the defeat of Perseus to the 
birth of Christ ? What occasioned the third Punic war ? 
How long did it last ? When was Carthage destroyed ? 
Who were the men of letters P. Scipio so much esteemed 
ed ? Who succeeded them ? 2. For what offence, by whom, 
and when was Corinth destroyed ? What the case of Lu- 
sitania ? By whom, and when was Numantia raised ? 3 
What the history of the Agrarian law ? When died Atta- 
ins? What his testament? 4. What the insurrection of 
Eunus ? By whom, and when quelled ? What satirist then 
flourished? 5. What the history of Jugurthine war? 
How, and when was it ended ? In what other wars did 
Marius command ? 6. What attempts were now made to 
revive the Agrarian law? 7. What the history of the so- 
cial war ? When did Aristobulus receive the ensigns of 
royalty in Judea? 8. What gave occasion to the Mithrida- 
tic war ? Whence arose the civil war at this time ? By 
whom, and when was the Mithridatic war ended ? 9. What 
the further progress of the civil war ? When died Sylla? 
10. What the history of the war with Sertorius ? How 
and when was it ended? 11. What the story of Sparta- 
cus? Did not pirates likewise raise disturbances at the 
same time ? 12. The Mithridatic war being renewed, who 
was the Roman general and what his success ? On what 
occasion was Metellus named Creticus? By whom, in 
what manner, and when was the Mithridatic war ended ? 
13. What the history of Pompey's going to Judea ? When 
did he return? 14. What the history of Cataline ? s con- 
spiracy ? By whom, and when was it crushed ? What be- 
came of Cicero ? For what was he illustrious ? What men 
of learning now flourished ? What person of distinction 
was born this year? 15- How was the first triumvirate 
formed? What provinces were assigned to the triumvirs? 
1 6. What the history of Crassus's expedition into A 

Crv- 



302 HISTORICAL, &c. 

17- What the conquests of Julius Caesar in Gaul ? How, 
and when broke out the civil wars ? 18. What the his- 
tory of Caesar's civil wars till the death of Pompey ? 19. 
What Caesar's adventures in Egypt ? 20. W T hat the pro- 
gress of Caesar's arms in Asia and Africa ? 21. What his 
victory in Spain ? 22. What accounts have we of Caesar 
after the civil wars ? By whom, and when was he slain ? 
23. What the history of the disturbances raised by M. 
Anthony ? 24. By what means was Octavius made con- 
sul ? What became of M. Anthony after the battle of 
Mut'na? How did Octavius execute the orders of the 
senate against him and M. Lepidus ? 23. What the con- 
duct of the new triumvirs ? How did they divide the 
Roman empire ? What historian now flourished ? 26. 
Why was Octavius's name changed to Octavianus ? What 
the history of the battle of Phillippi ? What the story of 
Sextus Pompey? Who at this time was king of Judea ? 
27. Who gained the victory in the battle of Actium ? How 
and when, died M. Anthony and Cleopatra ? 28. When, 
and by whom was the title of Augustus conferred on Oc- 
tavianus ? What the history of Augustus's reign ? What 
poets and historians then flourished and what is recorded 
of them ? How long did Augustus reign ? Where and 
when died he ? What was his boast ? 29. When was Je- 
sus Christ born ? What his mission ? By whom ; and 
when was he crucified ? 



INDEX. 



AARON iii 4, 5 
Abel i 1 
Xbijah vi 1 
Abimelech iv 7 
Aborigines iii 7 
Abraham ii 6 
Absalom v 7 
Accius x 1 
Achaia x 2 
Acrisius iv 4 
Acron vii 1 
Actium x 27 
Adam i 1 
Adrastus iv 11 
iEdiles viii 27 
JEgeus iv 9^ 
iEmilius Paulus, ix 15 
jEneas vi 

Sylvius v 3, 4 
^sculapius ii 2 
-^sop vii 16 
^tolians ix 15 
Agathocles ix 5 
Agesilaus viii 28 
Agrarian law x3, 6 
Agrippa (King) vi 4 
Agrippa (Admiral) x 26 
Ahab vi 3 
Ahasuerus vii 18 
Ahaz vi 9 vii 6 
Ahaziah vi 4 
Alba Sylvius v 3, 9 
Alba built v 3 

■ destroyed vii 9 
Albula vi 3 
Alcaeus vii 16 



Alcibiadcs viii 2i 

Alcmeoniv 11 

Alexander the Great viii 31 , 

33, 34 
Alexandria viii 34 
Amasis vii 5 
Amaziah vi 6 
Amazons iv 10 
Amnion vii 9 
Amphiaraus iv 1 1 
Amphyctiones iv 4 
Amphion iv 5 
Amulius v3 vi 10 
Anacreon vii 16 
Anaxagoras viii 16 
Ancus Martius vii 10 
Androgeos iv9 
Annibal ix 8, 11, 14 
Anthony x 14, 23, 24> 25,. 

26, 27 
Antigonus ix 2 
Antiochus Magnusi x 14 
Antlsthenes viii 25 

Apollo iii 2 iv 4 
Appius Claudius viii 17 ix 
3,6 

Apries vii 5 

Arabia iii 5 

Aratus ix 7 

Arbaces ii v 

Arbela viii 34 

Arcesilas ix 7 

Archimedes ix 9 

Archons v 8 

Archytas viii 25 

Areopagites iv £ 



304 



INDEX. 



Argives iii 2 
Agonautsiv 8 
Argos iii 2 
Argus ib, 
Ariadne iv 9 
Ariobarzanes x 8 
Ariovistus x 17 
Aristarchus x 1 ■ 
Aristides viii 12, 15 
Aristippus viii 25 
Aristobulus x 7 ? 13 
Aristophanes viii 22 
Aristotle viii 22 
Ark (Noah's) i 3 
Arsaces ix 7 
Ariaxerxes Longimanus vii 

18 viii 13 
Artaxerxes Mnemnonvii 18 

viii 25 
Asa vi 2 
Ascanius v 3 
Asdrubalix S 
Ashur ii 3 vii 2 
Assyrians ii 3 vii 2 3 
Astyages vii 4, 17 
Athens iii 6 viii 24 
Atttos viii 14 

y$ ill 
Atlas iii 3 
Atreus iv 1 1 
Attains x 3 
Attilius Regulus ix 6 
Augustas x 14,28,29 
Aventinus v3 \i 5 
A z an ah vi 6 

B 

Babel ii 1 ' 

Babylon ill, 3, 4 vii 2> 3, 4, 

17 viii 6 ? ?4 
Bacchusiv 5 



Bactria ii 3 
Barak iv 3 
Belesis vii 3^ 
Belus ii 3 vii 2 
Bocchorus vi 7 
Bocchus x v 
Brennus viii 23 
Brutus viii 2 x 22, 2C 
Busiris iv 2 
Bvrsa vi 7 



Cadmus iv 4, 5 
Caini 1 
Caleb iii 5 

Cambysesvii 18 viii 4 
Camillus viii 27 
Candaules vii 8 
Cannae ix 8 
Capetus v3 
Caprea, vii 1 
Capys v 3 vi 2 
Carthage built vi 7 

destroyed x 1 

Cassander ix 2 
Cassius x 22, 26 
Castor iv 8 
Catalinex 14 
Cato x 1, 20 
Catullus x 14 
Caucasus iii 3 
Cecrops iii 6 
Censors viii 10 
Census vii 15 
Centaurs i\ r 9 
Ceres iv 2 
Cethegus x 14 
Ceyx v 5 
Chabrias viii 26 
Charilausvi 6 
Chrysippus ix 7 



INDEX. 



S&5 



Chynalydan vii 2, 3 
Cicero x 5 14, 25 
Cimon viii 16 
China x 9 
Circumcision ii 6 
Circus vii 11 
Claelia viii 7 
Claud. Nero ix 10 
Cleanthes ix 7 
Cleopatra ix 4 x 19, 27 
Clodius x 14 
Clusium viii 23 
Cocalus iv 9 
Codrus v 8 
Colchis iv 8 
Collatinus viii 2 
Conon viii 24 
Consuls viii 2 
Corinth x 2 
Coriolanus viii 11 
Cor. Cossusviii 19 
Crantor ix 2 
Crassus x 11, 15, 16 
Crates ix 2 
Cratinus viii 22 
Crete ii 7 iv 9 
Croesus vii 17 
Ctesias viii 25 
Cures vii 7 
Curiatii vii 9 
Curius Denatus ix 3 
Cyaxares vii 3, 4 
Cyclops iv 6 
Cyrus vii 3, 17, 18. 

D 

Daedalus iv 9 
Damascus vii 2 
Danae iv 5 
Danaus iv 2 
Daniel vii 17 



Dardanus iv 5 

Darius the Mede vii 4, 17 

Hystaspis viii 5, 6 

Nothus viii 2 1 

Codomanus viii 33, 

34 
David v 6 7 
Deborah iv 3 
Decemviri viii 17 
Decius Mus viii 32 
Dejoces vii 4 
Delphos iv 4 
Demetrius ix 16 
Demetrius Phal. ix 7 
Democritus viii 16 
Demosthenes viii 31 
Deucalion iii 6 
Diagoras viii 22 
Dictator viii 8 x 18 
Dido vi 7 
Diodorus x 25 
Diogenes viii 32 
Dion viii 29 
Dionysius ib. 
Dorian war v 8 
Draco vii 12 
Duilius ix 6 
Dynasties ii 2 

E 

Ecbatan vii 2, 4 
Egeriav ii 7 
Egloni v 3 
Egypt ii 2 
Ehud ib. 
Eleazar ix 7 
Elijah vi 3 
Elis vi 8 

Empedocks viii 1 8 
Ennius ix 12 
Enoch i 2 
C c2 



306 IXDEX. 

Epaminondas viii 26 
Ephesus iv 10 
Ephcri vi 9 
Epicurus ix 2 
Eriphyla iv 11 
Esarhaddon vii 2, 3 
Esau iii 1 
Esther vii 18 
Eteocles iv 11 
Ethiopia vii 12 
Eumenes ix 2 
Eur us x 4 

Euphrates vii 17, viii 34 
Eupolis viii 22 
Euripides ib, 
Euristheus-v 5 
Euiopa iv 2 
Eve i 1 

F 

Fabii viii 13 

Fabius viii 23 ix 8 
Fabricius i 3 
Faunus iv 6 
Faustulus vi 10 
Flaminius ix 6, 8 
Fulyius ix 15 x & 

G 

Gahii viii 1 
Galli Senones viii 23 
Ganges ii 2 
Gelo viii 8 
Giants i 2 
Gideon iv 7 
Goliah v 6 
Georgias viii 22 
Gorgon iv 5 
Gracchi x 3 
Greece (Great) iv 6 



Greece delivered ix 13 
•Gygesvii 8 

H 

Haggai viii 6 
Ham i 3 
Hanno ix 10 
Harmodius viii 3 
Heber ii 6 
Hecataeus ix 1 
Helen iv 13 
Hellespont viii 14 
Helvetii x 17 
Heraclidae v 5 
Heraclitus viii IG 
Hercules iv 8 ; 10 
Hermes ii 2 
Herod x 26 
Herodotus viii 15 
Hesiod vi 8 
Hetrusci v 1 vii 15 
Hezekiah vii 3 6 
Hiero ix 5, 6, 9 
Hieronymus ix 9 
Hipparchus viii 3 
Hippias viii 3, 9 
Hippocrates viii IS 
Hirtius x 23 
Holofernes vii 8 
Homer v 9 
Horace x 28 
Horatii vji 9 
Horat. Codes viii J 
Hoshea vii 6 
Hyrcanus x 13 



Jacob iii 1 
Jaddus viii 34 
Jael iv 3 



INDEX, 



Janiculum vii 10 viii 7 
Janus iv 4 vii 7 ix 6 x 28 
Japetus iii 3 
Japhet i 3 
Jason iv 8 
idols ii 3 
Jehoram vi4 
Jehoshaphat vi 3 
"Jepathaiv 12 
Jeremiah vii 10 
Jericho iv 1 
Jeroboam vi 1 
Jerusalem vii 2 x IS 
Jesus Christ x 29 
llus iv 8 
Inachus iii 2 
Indus iv 5 
Joash vi 5 
Job iii 2 
Jocasta iv 11 
Jordan iii 5 iv 1 
Joseph iii 1 
Josiah vii 10 
Joshua iii 5 iv 1 
Jotham vi 9 
Iphicrates viii 26 
Iphitus vi 8 
Isaac ii 6 iii 1 
Isaiah vii'6 
Isocrates viii 25 
Israel iii 1 

Isthmian games iv 10 
Italy iii J 
Juba x 20 
Judah vi 1 
Judith vii 8 
Jugurtha x 25 
Julia x 15 
Julius Caesar x 15, 17, 18 

19,20,21,22 
Julus v 3 
Jupiter ii 7 iii 2, 6 



Laevinus ix 9 
Laius iv 11 
Lamachus viii 21 
Laomedon iv 8 
Latinus iv 6 v 1, 3 
Lavinium v 1 
Laws vi 7 viii 17 
Leah iii 1 
Lentulus x 14 
Leonidas viii 14 
Lepidus x 24, 25 
Leuctra viii 28 
Libya iv 2 vi 7 
Linus iv 2, 5 
Livius Drusus x 6 
Livy ix 14 x 28 
Lot ii 6 
Lucilius x 4 
Lucius Sextus viii 27 
Lucretiaviii 1 
Lucretius x 14 
Luctatius ix 6 
Lycaon iii 7 
Lycurgus vi 6 
Lydians vii 4 
Lysander viii 24, 28 
Lysimachus ix 2 

M 

Maccabees ix 16 
Macedon ix 15 
Magic ii S 
Maia iii 9 
Manas s eh vii 2, 8 
Mandanevii 17 
Manlius viii 30, 32 
Manna iii 5 
Mantinea viii 28 
Marathon viii 9 



m 



INDEX. 



Marcellus ix 6, 8, 9 
Mardonuis viii 15 
Marius x 5, 8, 9 
Mars iii 2 
Massinissa ix 10 
Medea iv 8 
Medes ii 5 vii 4 
Medon v 8 
Megasthenes ix 1 
Melanthus v 8 
Melchisedeck ii 6 
Memphis ii 2 
Menahem vii 2 
Menander ix 2 
Menelaus iv IS 
Menenius viii 10 
Menes H 2 
Mercury ii 2 iii 6 
Mesopotamia iv 2, 3 
Metellus x 10, 12 
Methuselah i 2 
Mezentius v 1 
Micipsa x 5 
jVIidianites iv 7 
Miltiades viii 9 
Minerva iii 2 
Minos iv 2, 4 
Minotaur iv 9 
Minutius viii 1'6 
Mithridates x 8, 10, 12 
Moses iii 4, 5, 6 
Mummius x 2 
Munda x 21 
Music i 1 
Mutiua x 23 
Mutius viii 7 
Mycenae v 5 

N 

Nabonassar vii 3 
Nabopallasar ib 



Nebuchadnezzar vii 3, 4 
Nebuchadonosor vii 2 
Necho vii 5 
Nehemiah viii 18 
Neptune ii 7 iv 2 
Nicias viii 21 
Nicomedes x 8 
Nimrodiil,2 vii 2, 3 
Nineveh ii 2 vii 2, 3 ? 4 
Ninus ii 3 vii 2 
Ninyas ii 4, 5 
Niobe iv 5 
Noah i 3 
Numa vii 7 
Numantia x 2 
Numitor v 3 vi 10 
Nysa iv 5 

O 

Occhus vii 18 viii 31 

Octavia x 27 

Octavianus x 26, 27, 2S 

Octavius x 23, 24, 25 

Oedipus iv 11 

Oenotrus iii 7 

Ogyges iii 2 

Olymyic games rv 10 vi S 

Omri vi 2 

Orcus iv 2 

Oropastes viii 4, 5 

Orpheus iv 8 

Ostiavii 10 

Othinel iv 3 

Ovid x 28 

Oxyartes ii 3 



P 



Pacuvius x 1 
Palestine ii 6 
Tanaetius x I 






INDEX. 



3» 



Pansa x 28 


Polycrates vii lG 


Paris iv 13 


Polynices iv 1 1 


Parmenides viii 18 


Pompeyx7,10, 11,12,13 


Parnassus iii 6 


15, 18 


Parrhasius viii 18 


Pompey's sons x 21, 25, 26 


Pasargada vii 18 


Porsenna viii 7 


Patizithes viii 4 


Posthumius viii 8 


Patriarchs iii 1 


Praetor viii 27 


Patricians vii 1 


Praxiteles viii 22 


Pausanias viii 15, 31 


Priam iv 8 18 


Pelasgi iv 6 


Procas v 3 


Pelia viii 31 


Prometheus iii 3 


Pelopidas viii 26 


Propertius x 28 


Peloponnesian war v 8 


Proscription x 9 


viii 20 


Proserpine iv 2 


Pelops iv 5 


Psamimnitus vii 5, 18 


Periandervii 16 


Psammitichus vii 5 


Pericles viii 20 


Ptolemy ix 2, 4, 7 x 18, 1-9 


Perseus iv 5 ix 15 


Pub. Rutilius x 4 


Phaeton iii 7 


Pub. Scipio x 1,2 


Phalaris vii 16 


Pul vii 2, 3 


Pharaoh ii 2 iii 4 


Pygmalion vi 7 


Pharnaces x 20 


Pyrrha iii 6 


Pharsalia x 18 


Pyrrhus ix 3 


Phidias viii 1 8 


Pythagoras vii 16. 


Philip viii 31 




Phillippi x 26 


Q 


Philistines v 2 




Phoroneus iii 2 


Q, Cincinnatus viii 16 


Phraortes vii 2, 4 


Quintus Curtius x 28. 


Phryxus iv 8 




Picus iv 6 


R 


Pindar vii 16 




Pisgah iii 5 


Rachel iii 1 


Pisistratus vii 16 viii 3 


Rebecca ib. 


'Plataea viii 15 


Red Sea iii 15 


Plato viii 25 


Regillus (lake) viii 8 


Piautusix 16 


Regulus ix 6 


Pluto ii 7 


Rehoboam vi 1 


Pollux iv 8 viii 8 


Remus vi 10 vii 1 


Polybius x 1 


Rhadamanthus iv 2 


Polycletus viii 18 


Rhe Sylvia vi 10 



S10 



INDEX. 



Rome vi 10 viii 23 
Romulus vi 10 vii 1 
Romulus Sylv. vi 5 
Rutuli v 1 



Sabaciis vii 5 

Sabines vii 1 

Sacred Mount viii 10 

Sacrifices iii 5 

Saguntum ix 8 

Salamis viii 14 

Sallust x 1 4 

Samaria vi 1 vii 2, 6 

Samson v 2 

Samuel v 4 

Saosduchinus vii 2 

Sappho vii 16 

Sarah ii 6 

Sardanapalus ii 3 vi 2 

Sardis vii 17 

Saturn ii 7 iv 6 

Saturn inus x 6 

Saul v 4 6 

Scipio Africanus ix 10 11 

12 
Scipio Asiaticus ix 14 
Scipio Nasica x 3 
Scythians vii 3, 4 
Seleucus ix 2 
Semiramis ii4 
Senators vii 1 
Senacherib vii 2, 4 
Septuagint ix 7 
Sertorius x 10 
Servius Tullius vii 1& 
Sesostris ii 2 
Seth i 1 

Shalmaneser vii 2, 6 
Shem i 3 
S&shak vi 1 



Sibylline books \m£ 

Sichseus vi 7 

Sicily iv 6 

Simonides vii 1^6 

Sinai iii 5 

Sisera iv 3 

Smerdis viii 4 

Social war x 7 

Socrates viii 22 

Sodom ii 6 

Solomon v 9 

Solon vii 14 

Sophocles viii 22 

Sparta iii 2 

Sparticus x 1 1 

Spartus iii 2 

Speusippus viii 32 

Sphynx iv 1 1 

Spolia opima vii 1 viii 19 

Spurius viii 11 

Stesichorus vii 16 

Strabo x 28 

Sulpitius x 8 

Sylla x 5, 8, § 

Sylvius v 3 

Syphax ix 10 

Syracruse ix 9 

Syria vii 2, 4 



Tanis ii 2 

Tantalus iv 5 

Tarquin Priscus vii 1 1 

Tarquin Superb, viii lyf 

Tatius vii 1 

Temple (Solomon's) v 9 

Terence x 1 

Terent. Varro ix S 

Teucer iv 5 

Thales vii 4 

Thebes ii 2 iv 4 



INDEX. 



311 



Thebes iv 7 
Themistocles viii 12, 14 
Theophrastus ix 2 
Theopompus vi 9 ix 1 
Thermopylae viii 13 
Theseus iv 9, 10 v 5 \ 
Thin ii 2 

Thrasybulus vii 16 viii 24 ; 26 
Thucydides viii 20 
Thyestes iv 11 
Tiberinus v 3 
Tibullus x 28 
Tiglathpileser vii 2, S r 
Tigranes x 12 
Timantes viii 18 
Timotheus. viii 26 
Titans ii 7 

Titus Quinctius ix 13 
Tobias vii 6 
Tolumnius viii 19 
Tomyris vii 18 
Torquatus viii 30, 32 
Tosorthus ii 2 
Tribunes viii 19 
Trismegistus ii 2 iv 4 
Tros iv 5 
Troy iv 5, 8,13.. 
Tuilus Host, vii 9 
Turnus v 1 
Tyra vi 7 viii 34 
Tyresias iv 11 



Urabrians iii 7 
Uzziah vi 6 

V 

Valerius viii 30 
Varro x 14 
Veientes vii 15 viii 13 
Venus iii ~ 
Veturia viii li: 
Virgil x28 
Viriatus x 2 
Viridomarus ix &■■ 
Volsci viii 1 
Vulcan iii 2 

X 

Xantippus ix 6 
Xenocrates viii 32 
Xenophon viii 25 
Xerxes vii 18 viii 14, 16 

Z 

Zedekiah vii 13 
Zeno ix 2 
Zeuxis viii 18 
Zopyrus viii 6 



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